Answer:
there are 2500 meters in 2.5 kilometers.
Answer:
2500 meters
Explanation:
what are 3 modifications to pyruvate in the intermediate phase
Answer:
Simplified diagram of pyruvate oxidation. Pyruvate—three carbons—is converted to acetyl CoA, a two-carbon molecule attached to coenzyme A. A molecule of coenzyme A is a necessary reactant for this reaction, which releases a molecule of carbon dioxide and reduces a NAD+ to NADH.
Simplified diagram of pyruvate oxidation. Pyruvate—three carbons—is converted to acetyl CoA, a two-carbon molecule attached to coenzyme A. A molecule of coenzyme A is a necessary reactant for this reaction, which releases a molecule of carbon dioxide and reduces a NAD+ to NADH.
In eukaryotes, this step takes place in the matrix, the innermost compartment of mitochondria. In prokaryotes, it happens in the cytoplasm. Overall, pyruvate oxidation converts pyruvate—a three-carbon molecule—into acetyl two-carbon molecule attached to Coenzyme A—producing an t, N, A, D, H, end text and releasing one carbon dioxide molecule in the process. Acetyl C, o, A, end text acts as fuel for the citric acid cycle in the next stage of cellular respiration.
Pyruvate oxidation steps
Pyruvate is produced by glycolysis in the cytoplasm, but pyruvate oxidation takes place in the mitochondrial matrix (in eukaryotes). So, before the chemical reactions can begin, pyruvate must enter the mitochondrion, crossing its inner membrane and arriving at the matrix.
In the matrix, pyruvate is modified in a series of steps:
More detailed diagram of the mechanism of pyruvate oxidation.
1. A carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate and released as carbon dioxide.
2. The two-carbon molecule from the first step is oxidized, and NAD+ accepts the electrons to form NADH.
3. The oxidized two-carbon molecule, an acetyl group, is attached to Coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA.
More detailed diagram of the mechanism of pyruvate oxidation.
A carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate and released as carbon dioxide.
The two-carbon molecule from the first step is oxidized, and NAD+ accepts the electrons to form NADH.
The oxidized two-carbon molecule, an acetyl group, is attached to Coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA.
Image credit: "Oxidation of pyruvate and the citric acid cycle: Figure 1" by OpenStax College, Biology, CC BY 3.0
Step 1. A carboxyl group is snipped off of pyruvate and released as a molecule of carbon dioxide, leaving behind a two-carbon molecule.
Step 2. The two-carbon molecule from step 1 is oxidized, and the electrons lost in the oxidation are picked up 2 \text{NADH}NADHstart text, N, A, D, H, end text are generated from \text{NAD}^+NAD
Step 3. The oxidized two-carbon molecule—an acetyl group, highlighted in green—is attached to Coenzyme A (\text{CoA}CoAstart text, C, o, A, end text), an organic molecule derived from vitamin B5, to form acetyl \text{CoA}CoAstart text, C, o, A, end text. Acetyl \text{CoA}CoAstart text, C, o, A, end text is sometimes called a carrier molecule, and its job here is to carry the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle.
The steps above are carried out by a large enzyme complex called the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which consists of three interconnected enzymes and includes over 60 subunits. At a couple of stages, the reaction intermediates actually form covalent bonds to the enzyme complex—or, more specifically, to its cofactors. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is an important target for regulation, as it controls the amount of acetyl \text{CoA}CoAstart text, C, o, A, end text fed into the citric acid cycle^{1,2,3}
1,2,3
start superscript, 1, comma, 2, comma, 3, end superscript.
If we consider the two pyruvates that enter from glycolysis (for each glucose molecule), we can summarize pyruvate oxidation as follows:
Two molecules of pyruvate are converted into two molecules of acetyl \text{CoA}CoAstart text, C, o, A, end text.
Two carbons are released as carbon dioxide—out of the six originally present in glucose.
2 \text{NADH}NADHstart text, N, A, D, H, end text are generated from \text{NAD}^+NAD
+
start text, N, A, D, end text, start superscript, plus, end superscript.
Why make acetyl \text{CoA}CoAstart text, C, o, A, end text? Acetyl \text{CoA}CoAstart text, C, o, A, end text serves as fuel for the citric acid cycle in the next stage of cellular respiration. The addition of \text{CoA}CoAstart text, C, o, A, end text helps activate the acetyl group, preparing it to undergo the necessary reactions to enter the citric acid cycle.
Explanation:
Question 4
If the cells of a plant did not have a cell membrane, then the cells would most likely
А
lose their green color.
B
be more rigid and supported.
С
not be able to control what enters and exits the cells.
D
have to process sugar and make energy twice as fast.
Earth is currently in a state of climate change because average global temperatures are slowly but steadily increasing. If this trend continues, what changes would you expect to see in the cicada life cycle? Use information from the article to support your argument
Answer: Cicadas will emerge from underground earlier in the year. Based on current patterns, they emerge earlier in the south than in the north because it’s warmer in the south, so the soil warms sooner. If global temperatures increase around the world, cicadas will emerge from the ground in all areas earlier than expected.
I hope this helps :)
can someone give me these answers please?
Answer: ok
Explanation:
Highlight which pair is EQUAL:
1 km/10dm
53.5 cm/5.35dm I
990g/1 kg
Answer:
53.5 cm is equal to 5.35 decimeters
Explanation:
Ten centimeters equal one decimeter.
Which of the following is true of the Celsius scale A.) 212° is the boiling point of water b.) 0° is absolute zero c.) 0 degrees is the freezing point of water or D .) 32° is the freezing point of water
Answer:
The correct answer is C., or ¨0 degrees is the freezing point of water¨.
0 degrees is the freezing point of water is true about the Celsius Scale. Therefore, option (C) is correct.
Water freezes at "zero degrees" on the Celsius scale. Under ordinary climatic conditions, water's freezing point is 0 degrees Celsius and its boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius. Many countries use this scale to measure temperature.
However, the Fahrenheit scale, used mostly in the US, has different freezing and boiling points for water. Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit and boils at 212. Therefore, option (C) 0 degrees is the freezing point of water is correct.
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22.-26 Fill in the blank. The Cell Theory states:
All
things are composed of
are the basic unit of structure and
in living things.
New cells are created from
Answer:
1.living things
2.cell
3.cell
4.function
5.pre existing cell
Explanation:
Do you think water could break up NaCl if it didn’t have a + and - side?
Answer:
yes because fajamarutation procedure
Explanation:
When a patient is said to have "third-degree burns," this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one-third or more of the body.
True
False
Answer:
I believe this is true. True
In neuroscience, depolarization is an "all or nothing" response; what does that
mean?
The neuron's intracellular charge must get more negative to meet a certain
threshhold in order to depolarize. If the neuron does not hit that threshold, then the
neuron will not fire
The neuron will either accept all signals, or none of the signals received. If the
neuron is ready to receive signals, then it automatically depolarizes and sends the
signals to the next neuron.
The neuron's intracellular charge must get more positive to meet a certain
threshhold in order to depolarize. If the neuron does not hit that threshold, then the
neuron will not fire
The neuron decides how much of the electochemical signals to send to the next
neuron; all or nothing
Answer:
The correct answer is - The neuron's intracellular charge must get more positive to meet a certain thresh hold in order to depolarize. If the neuron does not hit that threshold, then the neuron will not fire
Explanation:
In neuroscience, the depolarization of neurons shows the all or none law which is also called as all or nothing response. It states that all action potentials have the same size and the potential or strength of a nerve cell does not depend on the stimulus strength as all are the same size.
If a stimulus reaches a particular threshold cell or fiber will fire so either it will fire or not cross the threshold this is all or nothing response or law and depolarization is an example of it.
All atoms of the same element must have the same number of ________
A. protons.
B. neutrons.
C. compounds.
D. electrons.
Answer:
A. Protons
Explanation:
They must have the same number of protons. But they can have a different amount of neutrons.
why would it be better to swim in the ocean in August instead of May? Be sure to relate your answer to specific heat.
Answer:
It depends on where you are in the world. If you are in California, it would be better to swim in the ocean during August. However, if you are someplace else, it may be better to swim during May.
Explanation:
If you're in California, then August is in the middle of Summer. It is always very hot outside. Therefore, the heat should warm the water up enough for you to be comfortable to swim.
In the planetary model, electrons
A)do not exist
B)are shown in a cloud
C)have positive charges
D)orbit the nucleus like the planets orbit the sun
Answer:
Orbit the nucleus
Explanation:
Wikipedia
According to the passage, what is one way that people prepare for a tornado?
Answer: There is no passage to read but some ways people can prepare for a tornado are by going to a basement or inside room with no windows and covering their body with something sturdy like a desk if not available you can also use blankets
Explanation:
Blank:
is a process that involves one division of the nucleus and results in two identical cells.
A Meiosis
B Mitosis
C Fertilization
D Replication
Answer:
b. mitosis
Explanation:
it is cell division and keeps things the same
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Mitosis is contrast or what of Meiosis. Mitosis is a cell division process in which a parent cell produces two identical daughter cells.
What happens to enzymes during digestion/when it comes into contact with our stomach acids? Not our enzymes, but the enzymes in the food.
Assume cube B was broken into many irregularly shaped pieces. Compared to the density of the entire cube, the density of one of the pieces would be
Answer:The same
Explanation: even thought the cube is split in many pieces the density stays the same
Because breaking the thing into pieces divides the mass and volume by the same factor, the density does not change. Additionally, regardless of a substance's size, its density is constant.
What is density relation with shape of object?An intensive property is density. This implies that the density of the substance will remain constant regardless of the shape, size, or amount of the thing.
Each component of the thing would have the same density even if you divided it into a million pieces.
For instance, despite the cube being divided into numerous parts, its density remains constant.
In a solid, the atoms or molecules are typically arranged in an orderly or occasionally crystalline structure,
Whereas in a liquid, they are free to move around with little restrictions. Because of this, the solid has a higher density.
Therefore, the density of one of the pieces is remained unchanged.
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Amnesia is a physical disorder that affects the brain. Which statement best explains why amnesia may also be
considered a psychological disorder?
O it can affect personality
O it reduces brain function
O it can be caused by trauma
o it interferes with motor skills
Answer:
It can be caused by trauma
Explanation:
Dissociative amnesia has been linked to overwhelming stress, which may be caused by traumatic events such as war, abuse, accidents, or disasters. The person may have suffered the trauma or just witnessed it.
Answer:
The correct answer is A, it can affect personality
Explanation:
Just took the test and this was the right answer. Hope this helps!
If you apply a 50 pound bag of a 15-5-12 fertilizer, how much potassium is
in the fertilizer?
A. 5%
B. 15 pounds
C. 12%
D. 12 pounds
NEED HELP ASAP PLEASE
Answer:
c 12
Explanation:
yuvgewhd sbxnkjuiyvhedn kihogbljtnkefnvihptnklefihbolk
Describe the molecules in a solid. How is that different than molecules in gas?
Answer:
The molecules in a solid are more closely packed than those in a gas. Gas molecules are VERY spread apart, which is why we cannot see them.
Explanation:
How is Homo sapien skull similar to the modern human skull?
Answer:
Modern humans are HomoSapiens
Explanation:
I am a homo-sapien
Write a paragraph about North Carolina degradation, how does soil erosion affect N.C? Make a paragraph about the environment and the degradation in it in your OWN words.
Answer:
soil erosion has been a major cause of soil degradation in north carolina for many years .it affects water quality physically,chemically and biological.damage from sediment is expensive,both economically and environmentally.
Explanation:
because the environmental damage from sediment is often cumulative,the ultimate affects and the consequences of off-site sedimentation can be severe,both for people immediately affected and those who must cope with subsequent problems.
sodium potassium pump is an active transport. Which statement best describes why energy is needed to work correctly?
Answer:
because it is moving Na+ against its concentration gradient
Diffrent between pain and pressure
Answer:
PAIN:
Nociceptive Pain: Typically the result of tissue injury.
Inflammatory Pain: An abnormal inflammation caused by an inappropriate response by the body's immune system.
Neuropathic Pain: Pain caused by nerve irritation.
Functional Pain: Pain without obvious origin, but can cause pain.
PRESSURE:
Absolute pressure: The clearest reference pressure is the pressure zero, which exists in the air-free space of the universe.
Atmospheric pressure.
Differential pressure.
Overpressure (gauge pressure).
most of the energy an organism consumes is used/converted into
Answer:
converted into
Explanation:
The higher the organism is on the trophic pyramid, the lower the amount of available energy. For example, plants and other autotrophs (primary producers) convert only a fraction of the enormous amount of solar energy they have access to into food energy.
PLEASE I REALLY NEED HELP I GOT A LOT OF HOMEWORK, APEX IS JUST A PAIN:/ What is one limitation of a wind tunnel that is used to model the effect wind has on a rocket.
A. It provides valuable information about winds effect on how rockets fly.
B. It shows how the rocket performs in the atmosphere, but not in space
C. The ceramic tiles that coat a rocket can be tested
D. The airflow in a tunnel can be varied based on the altitude of the rocket.
Answer:
The answer is either B or C
Explanation:
emilythompson35464
hope this helps srry if it doesn't tho
Answer:
B. It shows how the rocket performs in the atmosphere, but not in space
Explanation:
This is actually not as complicated as it may seem. Wind tunnels are a way that scientists and students can see how wind can affect rockets. The Wright brothers used a wind tunnel to test there model planes. The reason it has limitations is there is no wind is space because there is no gravity which means there is no particles that make up weather and wind. Wind tunnels help us know how the rocket will perform on the earth, but not in space.
PLEASE GIVE ME BRAINLIEST, THX, AND 5 STAR IF I AM RIGHT. TELL ME IF I AM RIGHT!!!!
:)
In your biology career, you may come across people attempting to use the Second Law of Thermodynamics to discredit the idea of evolution. Their argument goes something like this: The theory of evolution says that life evolved from smaller inorganic molecules to larger organic molecules to simple one-celled organisms to more complex multicellular organisms, moving towards more complexity and organization. But the Second Law of Thermodynamics says that entropy always increases, with everything moving towards increasing disorder. Therefore, if the Second Law is correct, then evolution is impossible. How would you respond to this argument
Answer:
Evolutionary ideas do not contradict the thermodynamic laws, these ideas explain how descent with modification enables the organisms to have enhanced metabolic responses to fight against entropy
Explanation:
Organisms fight against entropy to maintain order within their cells and thus continue life. The debate about the association between the Second Law of Thermodynamics and evolutionary ideas emerged in 1900. During this period, it has been proposed that both ideas were contradictory, since evolution decreases entropy, while the second law states that systems increase entropy over time. However, the evolution does not contradict this law, because evolutionary ideas indicate the mode by which the organisms evolve to fight against entropy (for example, by enhancing enzymes responsible for protein degradation), while the Second Law of Thermodynamics literally states that the total amount of entropy of the whole system increases over time.
In living organisms, lipids function mainly as
A) sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information
B) transmitters of genetic information and catalyst of chemical reactions
C) catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes
D) sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
BRAINLIEST FOR CORRECT ANSWER
In living organisms, lipids function mainly as sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes, which are present in Option D, as lipids are a diverse group of molecules that perform various functions.
What are lipids?Lipids can be broken down through a process called hydrolysis to release energy that can be used for cellular processes, and this energy storage is particularly important for organisms that need to survive for extended periods without a steady supply of nutrients, lipids also play a crucial role in forming the cellular membrane that surrounds and protects cells, such as the phospholipid bilayer, which is a key component of cellular membranes and is made up of two layers of phospholipid molecules.
Hence, in living organisms, lipids function mainly as sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes, which are present in Option D.
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what would happen to a freshwater fish in the ocean ?
The fish would fill with water and die, through osmosis.
How are the studies performed on rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the moss Pleurozium schreberi and the desert shrub Atriplex lentiformis similar? Both studies are coupled to enzymatic activity. Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range. Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range and are coupled to enzymatic activity. Both studies examine the effects of microclimates and studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range. Both studies examine the effects of microclimates.
Answer:
Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range and are coupled to enzymatic activity.
Explanation:
The studies shown in the question above started from the same concept to establish the scientific experiment and had the same objective related to the investigation as temperature changes in the environment where these organisms live influences the enzymatic activity and, therefore, the functioning of their organism, being able to including modifying the environment around them. In summary, we can say that the studies sought to support the concept that species operate within a narrow range of optimal temperature and are coupled with enzymatic activity.