At 25°c the rate constant for the first-order decomposition of a pesticide solution is 6. 40 × 10–3 min–1. If the starting concentration of pesticide is 0. 0314 m, what concentration will remain after 62. 0 min at 25°c?.

It would be unreasonable for an amendment to the clean air act to call for 0% pollution emissions from cars with combustion engines because practically it is not possible to have 0% pollution emission.

The CAA was amended in 1965 with the Engine Vehicle Air Contamination Control Act (MVAPCA) which gave the Slash Secretary power to set government guidelines for vehicle emanations as soon as 1967.

In 1963, The Clean Air Act (CAA) was passed. It was an augmentation of Air Pollution Control Act, 1955, . The main idea behind this act was to empower the national government through US General administration under the division of Wellbeing, Government assistance and schooling, and  to extend support towards innovative work and minimizing pollution.

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The volume of the gas at 100℃ would be 4.64 liters, assuming the pressure remains constant.

We can use the combined gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. The combined gas law formula is: (P1 x V1) / T1 = (P2 x V2) / T2. Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, and T is the temperature. The subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the initial and final states of the gas, respectively.

In this case, we know that the initial volume (V1) is 4 liters and the initial temperature (T1) is 50 ℃. We want to find the final volume (V2) when the temperature is 100℃.To solve for V2, we can rearrange the formula as follows: V2 = (P1 x V1 x T2) / (P2 x T1).We don't know the pressure, but since the problem doesn't mention any changes in pressure, we can assume that it remains constant. Therefore, we can cancel out the P1 and P2 terms.

Plugging in the known values, we get: V2 = (4 L x 373 K) / (323 K) = 4.64 L (rounded to two decimal places)Therefore, the volume of the gas at 100℃ would be 4.64 liters, assuming the pressure remains constant.

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In a 23.5 mol sample of C₇H₅N₃O₆, there are 6.87 moles of nitrogen atoms and 8.79 moles of oxygen atoms.

In order to determine the number of moles of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in a 23.5 mol sample of C₇H₅N₃O₆, we first need to look at the chemical formula for this compound.

From the formula, we can see that there are 7 nitrogen atoms and 9 oxygen atoms present in each molecule of C₇H₅N₃O₆.

To calculate the number of moles of nitrogen atoms, we multiply the total number of moles by the mole fraction of nitrogen in the compound:

Moles of nitrogen = 23.5 mol x (7 nitrogen atoms / 24 total atoms)
Moles of nitrogen = 6.87 mol

Similarly, to calculate the number of moles of oxygen atoms, we use the mole fraction of oxygen in the compound:

Moles of oxygen = 23.5 mol x (9 oxygen atoms / 24 total atoms)
Moles of oxygen = 8.79 mol

Therefore, there are approximately 6.87 moles of nitrogen atoms and 8.79 moles of oxygen atoms in a 23.5 mol sample of C₇H₅N₃O₆.

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The final temperature is 49.2 degrees Celsius.

To find the final temperature, we can use the formula:

Q = mcΔT

where Q represents the amount of heat energy measured in calories (450.5 calories), m represents the mass of the substance in grams (89.6 grams), c represents the specific heat capacity in calories per gram per degree Celsius (0.215 calories/gram degree Celsius), and ΔT represents the change in temperature.

First, we need to find the change in temperature (ΔT):

450.5 calories = (89.6 grams) * (0.215 calories/gram degree Celsius) * ΔT

Now, we can solve for ΔT:

ΔT = 450.5 calories / [(89.6 grams) * (0.215 calories/gram degree Celsius)] ≈ 23.5 degrees Celsius

Since we know the initial temperature (25.7 degrees Celsius), we can find the final temperature:

Final temperature = Initial temperature + ΔT = 25.7 degrees Celsius + 23.5 degrees Celsius ≈ 49.2 degrees Celsius

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The new concentration of the solution can be calculated using the dilution formula, which states that the initial concentration multiplied by the initial volume (V1) is equal to the new concentration multiplied by the new volume (V2).

In this case, the equation would be: (3.5M)(0.20L) = (xM)(0.90L). Solving for x, we get the new concentration of the solution as 3.17M.

In other words, when a 3.5M solution of lici is diluted from 0.20L to 0.90L, the new concentration of the solution is 3.17M. This is because when the volume of a solution is increased, the concentration of the solution decreases proportionately.

Thus, when the volume of the solution is increased by a factor of four and a half, the concentration of the solution is reduced by the same factor.

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(A) Eo cell for the given electrochemical cell is -1.14V. (B) The electrode that is negatively charged is the anode, which is made up of copper (Cu). (C) At the cathode (Ag electrode): Ag⁺ + e⁻ → Ag

At the anode (Cu electrode): Cu → Cu²⁺+ 2e⁻

(D) Overall reaction: 2Ag⁺ + Cu → 2Ag + Cu²⁺

An electrochemical cell, also known as a voltaic cell or a galvanic cell, is a device that generates electrical energy from a chemical reaction. It consists of two electrodes, a positive electrode (anode) and a negative electrode (cathode), that are immersed in an electrolyte solution that contains ions.

A. To calculate Eo cell, we can use the formula:

Eo cell = Eo cathode - Eo anode

where Eo cathode is the standard reduction potential of the cathode and Eo anode is the standard reduction potential of the anode.

From the given information, Eo of Ag/Ag is -0.80V (since it's a reduction potential, we need to reverse the sign to get the oxidation potential) and Eo of Cu/Cu is 0.34V. Since Ag is the cathode and Cu is the anode in this cell, we can plug in the values and get:

Eo cell = Eo cathode - Eo anode

Eo cell = (-0.80V) - (0.34V)

Eo cell = -1.14V

Therefore, the Eo cell for the given electrochemical cell is -1.14V.

B. The electrode that is negatively charged is the anode, which is made up of copper (Cu).

C. The individual reactions at each electrode are:

At the cathode (Ag electrode):

Ag⁺ + e⁻ → Ag

At the anode (Cu electrode):

Cu → Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻

D. The overall cell reaction can be obtained by combining the individual reactions at the cathode and anode. Since there are two electrons involved in the anode reaction, we need to multiply the cathode reaction by 2 so that the electrons cancel out in the overall reaction:

2Ag⁺ + 2e⁻ → 2Ag (cathode)

Cu → Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ (anode)

Overall reaction:

2Ag⁺ + Cu → 2Ag + Cu²⁺

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Answer: Double Replacement

Explanation:

Two elements are being switched around in this reaction, H and K, so it is a double replacement. The K from potassium hydroxide replaces the H in hydrobromic acid, becoming potassium bromide, and the H from hydrobromic acid replaces the K in potassium hydroxide, becoming water.

The net work done is 0 J. (B)

The force of gravity only affects the box vertically, not horizontally, so it doesn't do any work in this scenario. Only the applied force of 100 N pulling the box horizontally for 2 m does work.

This work can be calculated using the formula: Work = Force x Distance x Cos(theta), where theta is the angle between the force and the displacement.

In this case, since the force is applied horizontally, theta is 0, so the work done is simply: Work = 100 N x 2 m x Cos(0) = 200 J. Therefore, the correct answer is (b) 0 J for the work done by the force of gravity.(B)

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Aromatic hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain one or more benzene rings in their structure. These compounds are characterized by their strong, pleasant odor, which is why they are called aromatic. They are commonly found in petroleum products and are often used as feedstock for the production of chemicals and fuels.

Out of the options given, clothing and polyvinyl chloride do not contain aromatic hydrocarbons. On the other hand, barbecue fuel and pain relievers can contain aromatic hydrocarbons.

Barbecue fuel, also known as charcoal briquettes, is made from compressed charcoal dust mixed with a binding agent. The charcoal is made by heating wood in the absence of oxygen to remove the moisture and other impurities. The resulting charcoal contains a high concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons, which gives it its characteristic smell and helps it burn efficiently.

Pain relievers, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, are also known to contain aromatic hydrocarbons. These compounds are used in the synthesis of these drugs as intermediates, and traces of them can be present in the final product. However, the levels are generally low and not considered harmful to health.

In summary, barbecue fuel and pain relievers can contain aromatic hydrocarbons, while clothing and polyvinyl chloride do not. It is important to note that exposure to high levels of these compounds can be harmful to health, and precautions should be taken to minimize exposure.

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Answer: b

Explanation: because i just took the quiz

The new volume of gas is 6.62 L when the pressure changes from 735 mmHg to 800 mmHg at a constant temperature.

According to Boyle's Law, at a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional. This means that as the pressure of the gas increases, its volume decreases, and vice versa. Therefore, we can use this law to find the new volume of gas when the pressure changes from 735 mmHg to 800 mmHg.

Using the formula P1V1 = P2V2, where P1 is the initial pressure, V1 is the initial volume, P2 is the final pressure, and V2 is the final volume, we can solve for V2.

Plugging in the values given in the question, we get:

735 mmHg x 7.2 L = 800 mmHg x V2

Solving for V2, we get:

V2 = (735 mmHg x 7.2 L) / 800 mmHg

V2 = 6.62 L

Therefore, the new volume of gas is 6.62 L when the pressure changes from 735 mmHg to 800 mmHg at a constant temperature.

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Answer is D)1.10 grams

From the balanced equation, we know that for every 1 mole of carbonic acid (H2CO3) that is heated, 1 mole of carbon dioxide ([tex]CO_2[/tex]) is produced. The molar mass of [tex]H_2CO_3[/tex] is 62.03 g/mol, while the molar mass of [tex]CO_2[/tex] is 44.01 g/mol.

To find out how much carbon dioxide is formed from 1.55 g of carbonic acid, we first need to convert the mass of  [tex]H_2CO_3[/tex] to moles:

1.55 g  [tex]H_2CO_3[/tex] / 62.03 g/mol  [tex]H_2CO_3[/tex] = 0.025 mol  [tex]H_2CO_3[/tex]

Since the mole ratio of [tex]H_2CO_3[/tex] to [tex]CO_2[/tex] is 1:1, we know that 0.025 moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] will be produced.

To convert this to grams:

0.025 mol [tex]CO_2[/tex] x 44.01 g/mol [tex]CO_2[/tex] = 1.10 g CO2

Therefore, 1.55 g of carbonic acid will produce 1.10 g of carbon dioxide upon heating.

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The age of the artifact is approximately 25313.5 years.

The age of an archaeological artifact can be determined by measuring the decay rate of carbon-14 present in the sample. The decay rate of carbon-14 follows an exponential decay equation given by:

[tex]N = N0 * e^(-kt)[/tex]

where N is the remaining amount of carbon-14 after time t, N0 is the initial amount of carbon-14, k is the decay constant, and t is the time elapsed since the death of the organism.

The decay constant (λ) is related to the half-life (t1/2) by the equation:

λ = ln(2) / t1/2

Substituting the given values, we can calculate the decay constant for carbon-14:

λ = ln(2) / t1/2 = ln(2) / 5730 = 0.000120968

Now, we can use the decay rate of carbon-14 for the artifact and the decay constant to calculate its age:

[tex]N = N0 * e^(-kt)[/tex]

[tex]2.75 dis/min·gc = N0 * e^(-0.000120968*t)[/tex]

Assuming that the decay rate of a living organism is 15.3 dis/min·gc, we can calculate the initial amount of carbon-14 present in the artifact:

[tex]15.3 dis/min·gc = N0 * e^(-0.000120968*0)[/tex]

N0 = 15.3 dis/min·gc

Substituting the values, we get:

[tex]2.75 dis/min·gc = 15.3 dis/min·gc * e^(-0.000120968t)\\0.180 = e^(-0.000120968t)[/tex]

Taking the natural logarithm of both sides, we get:

[tex]ln(0.180) = -0.000120968*t[/tex]

t = ln(0.180) / (-0.000120968)

Solving for t, we get:

t = 25313.5 years

Therefore, the age of the artifact is approximately 25313.5 years.

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Calcium carbonate is dissolved by acidic groundwater, creating limestone caves. It is possible for the rate of chemical reactions to accelerate when the temperature of limestone rock in a cave rises.

This could speed up the decomposition of calcium carbonate, which would speed up the creation of caves. The reverse outcome, though, is also possible because a rise in temperature can also make the water in the cave evaporate, which can cause calcium carbonate to precipitate and give rise to stalactites, stalagmites, and other structures. The balance between dissolution and precipitation reactions, and how these are altered, determine how temperature affects cave development.

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49.3 liters of iodine gas will be produced from the complete decomposition of 110 liters of hydrogen iodide gas at STP.

The balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of hydrogen iodide is:

2HI (g) → H₂ (g) + I₂ (g)

According to the equation, for every 2 moles of hydrogen iodide that decompose, 1 mole of iodine gas is produced. Using the ideal gas law, we can convert the volume of hydrogen iodide gas to moles:

where n is the number of moles, P is the pressure, V is the volume, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

Assuming standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is 0°C and 1 atm, we have:

Therefore, the number of moles of iodine gas produced is:

Using the ideal gas law again, we can convert the number of moles of iodine gas to volume at STP:

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The complete question is:

How many liters of iodine gas will be produced from the complete decomposition of 110 L of hydrogen iodine​? 2HI (g) → H₂ (g) + I₂ (g)

The strongest type of intermolecular forces present between the hydrocarbon chains of neighboring stearic acid molecules is van der Waals forces, specifically London dispersion forces.

These forces arise due to temporary fluctuations in electron distribution, causing momentary dipoles that attract adjacent molecules.

Stearic acid is a long-chain fatty acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain (nonpolar) and a carboxylic acid functional group (polar). The hydrocarbon chains in stearic acid are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, resulting in a relatively nonpolar nature.

London dispersion forces, also known as instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions, are intermolecular forces that occur between all molecules, including nonpolar molecules like stearic acid.

These forces arise due to temporary fluctuations in the electron distribution around atoms or molecules, leading to the formation of temporary dipoles.

In the case of stearic acid, the temporary dipole moment that arises in one molecule induces a corresponding dipole in the neighboring molecule, creating an attractive force between them.

These temporary dipoles result from the uneven distribution of electrons at any given moment, leading to the establishment of temporary positive and negative charges.

The strength of London dispersion forces depends on factors such as the size of the molecules involved and the ease of electron movement within them.

In the hydrocarbon chains of stearic acid, the presence of a large number of carbon atoms increases the surface area available for intermolecular interactions, making the London dispersion forces relatively stronger.

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The term mole concept is used here to determine the number of atoms in 6.88 moles of AgNO₃. The number of atoms present in 6.88 moles of AgNO₃ is

One mole of a substance is defined as that amount of it which contains as many particles or entities as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12. The equation used to calculate the number of moles is given as:

4. Number of atoms = Number of moles of atoms × 6.022 × 10²³

6.88 × 6.022 × 10²³ = 4.14 × 10²⁴

5. Number of moles of atoms = 278 / 110.98 = 2.50

Number of atoms = 2.50 × 6.022 × 10²³ = 1.50 × 10²⁴

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69.6 grams of carbon tetrachloride will be formed after the complete reaction of 32.0 grams of chlorine gas with excess carbon disulfide.

Moles of chlorine = mass of chlorine / molar mass of chlorine

Moles of chlorine = 32.0 g / 70.9 g/mol = 0.451 mol

the mole ratio between chlorine and carbon disulfide is 1:1 from the balanced equation, also the number of moles of carbon disulfide is also 0.451 mol.

Moles of carbon tetrachloride = moles of carbon disulfide

Moles of carbon tetrachloride = 0.451 mol

We use  the molar mass of carbon tetrachloride to convert the number of moles to grams.

Mass of carbon tetrachloride = moles of carbon tetrachloride x molar mass of carbon tetrachloride

Mass of carbon tetrachloride = 0.451 mol x 154.0 g/mol = 69.6 g

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The specific heat of the glass is 1.58 J/(g°C).

The specific heat of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one unit of mass of the substance by one degree Celsius.

To find the specific heat of the glass, we can use the formula:

Q = mcΔT

where Q is the amount of energy transferred to the glass, m is the mass of the glass, c is the specific heat of the glass, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the glass.

We are given:

m = 385 g

Q = 7032 J

ΔT = 24°C - 12°C = 12°C

Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

7032 J = (385 g) c (12°C)

Solving for c, we get:

c = 7032 J / (385 g * 12°C)

c = 1.58 J/(g°C)

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The volume of the gas at 333.0°C is 24.5 L. To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas.

The combined gas law is expressed as:

(P₁V₁)/T₁ = (P₂V₂)/T₂

where P₁, V₁, and T₁ are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas, and P₂, V₂, and T₂ are the final pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas.

In this case, we know that the initial volume V₁ is 12.0 L and the initial temperature T₁ is 25°C. We want to find the final volume V₂ when the temperature is 333.0°C. We also know that the pressure remains constant.

To use the combined gas law, we need to convert the temperatures to the absolute scale (Kelvin) by adding 273.15 to each temperature. So, T₁ = 298.15 K and T₂ = 606.15 K.

Plugging in the values into the equation, we get:

(P₁V₁)/T₁ = (P₂V₂)/T₂

(P₁ x 12.0)/298.15 = (P₂ x V₂)/606.15

Since the pressure is constant, we can simplify the equation to:

V₂ = (P₁ x V₁ x T₂)/(T₁ x P₂)

Substituting the values, we get:

V₂ = (1 x 12.0 x 606.15)/(298.15 x 1)

V₂ = 24.5 L

Therefore, the volume of the gas at 333.0°C is 24.5 L.

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There could be several reasons why a student produced less magnesium oxide than expected. Here are two possibilities: Incomplete reaction,  Loss of product

Incomplete reaction: Magnesium oxide is produced when magnesium metal is heated in the presence of oxygen. However, if the reaction is incomplete, then less magnesium oxide will be produced. One reason for incomplete reaction could be that the temperature was not high enough to provide the necessary activation energy.

Loss of product: It is possible that some of the magnesium oxide that was produced was lost during the experiment. For example, if the magnesium oxide was not handled carefully after it was produced, it may have been spilled or blown away.

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States bordering the Gulf of Mexico have fossilized seashells from millions of years ago that were discovered on the ground far from the shore. This is evidence of previous geological and environmental changes in the area.

These fossils imply that the sea levels were much higher than they are today and that the area was once submerged underwater. The land rose and the sea retreated over time due to the movement of tectonic plates and other geological processes, leaving fossilized relics of marine life on what is now dry land. These fossils help us better comprehend the long-term processes that have changed our planet over millions of years and offer insightful information on the history of the area.

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The structure of the product is drawn.

The reaction between pentanedioic anhydride and ammonia at elevated temperature is an example of amidation reaction. The product formed has a molecular formula of C₅H₇NO₂, which suggests that it has five carbon atoms, seven hydrogen atoms, one nitrogen atom, and two oxygen atoms.

The constitutional isomers with the molecular formula C₅H₇NO₂ are,

Pentanamide (also known as valeramide)

2-Aminopentanoic acid (also known as α-aminocaproic acid)

3-Aminopentanoic acid (also known as β-aminocaproic acid)

Of these three isomers, only 2-aminopentanoic acid and 3-aminopentanoic acid have two oxygen atoms. Therefore, one of these two isomers is the product of the reaction.

To distinguish between the two isomers, we need to consider the conditions of the reaction. The reaction was carried out at elevated temperature, which suggests that it is likely to be a thermal reaction. Under thermal conditions, the reaction is expected to favor the formation of the less substituted amide, which in this case is 2-aminopentanoic acid.

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11,169 grams of iron is produced from 300 moles of carbon monoxide reacting with 15,000 grams of ferric oxide.

The balanced chemical equation shows that 3 moles of CO react with 1 mole of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] to produce 2 moles of Fe. Therefore, we can calculate the number of moles of Fe produced from 300 moles of CO reacting with [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] as follows:

1 mole [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] produces 2 moles Fe

300 moles CO produces (2/3) x 300 = 200 moles Fe (by stoichiometry)

Next, we can use the molar mass of Fe to convert moles to grams:

1 mole Fe = 55.845 g Fe

200 moles Fe = 200 x 55.845 = 11,169 g Fe

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An aircraft flying from a region of higher air pressure towards a region of lower air pressure will experience a change in altitude, and the aircraft's pressure altimeter will read an altitude different than the plane's true elevation, unless corrections are made to the altimeter.

When an aircraft moves from an area of higher air pressure to an area of lower air pressure, the aircraft will generally gain altitude. This occurs because the pressure difference causes the air to become less dense, allowing the aircraft to rise more easily. As a result, the aircraft's wings will generate more lift, enabling it to climb higher.

However, the pressure altimeter, which measures an aircraft's altitude based on the surrounding air pressure, will not accurately reflect the plane's true elevation in this situation. The altimeter will typically read an altitude lower than the actual elevation of the aircraft.

This discrepancy occurs because the altimeter is calibrated for a standard pressure setting and will not account for variations in air pressure without adjustments.

To ensure accurate altitude readings, pilots must make corrections to the altimeter by setting the appropriate pressure setting for the area they are flying in, known as the "altimeter setting." This setting can be obtained from air traffic control or other aviation weather sources.

By inputting the correct altimeter setting, the pressure altimeter will provide a more accurate altitude reading, reflecting the plane's true elevation.

In summary, an aircraft flying from a region of higher air pressure towards a region of lower air pressure will gain altitude, and the aircraft's pressure altimeter will read an altitude lower than the plane's true elevation unless corrections are made to the altimeter.

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The heat of reaction for the combustion of a mole of Ti in this calorimeter is 15221.209 kJ/mol.

First, we need to calculate the amount of heat absorbed by the calorimeter:

ΔT = 91.60°C - 25.00°C = 66.60°C

q = (9.84 kJ/°C) x (66.60°C) = 655.344 kJ

Since the combustion of 2.060 g of titanium caused this increase in temperature, we can calculate the heat of reaction per mole of titanium:

molar mass of Ti = 47.87 g/mol

moles of Ti combusted = 2.060 g / 47.87 g/mol = 0.043 mol

ΔHrxn = q / n = 655.344 kJ / 0.043 mol = 15221.209 kJ/mol

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The new volume of the hydrogen gas is 5.12 L when the pressure is decreased to 0.977 atm.

The relationship between pressure and volume is described by Boyle's Law, which states that when the pressure of a gas decreases, its volume increases proportionally, and vice versa. In other words, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional, assuming temperature and amount of gas remain constant.

In this case, the initial pressure of the hydrogen gas is 0.997 atm, and its initial volume is 5.00 L. If the pressure is decreased to 0.977 atm, we can use Boyle's Law to calculate the new volume:

P1V1 = P2V2

Where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the new pressure and volume.

Substituting the given values, we get:

(0.997 atm)(5.00 L) = (0.977 atm)(V2)

Solving for V2, we get:

V2 = (0.997 atm)(5.00 L) / (0.977 atm)

V2 = 5.12 L

Therefore, the new volume of the hydrogen gas is 5.12 L when the pressure is decreased to 0.977 atm.

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The number of moles of hydrogen gas comes out to be 5.700 that can be calculated using the ideal gas equation.

Using ideal gas equation,

PV = nRT ......(1)

It is given that,

T = 150.0 °C

P = 23.3 atm

V = 8.50 L

To calculate the number of moles, substitute the known values in equation (1).

PV = nRT

23.3 atm x 8.50 L  =  n x 0.0821 L atm/mol/K x 423.15 K

n = (23.3 atm x 8.50 L) / (0.0821 L atm/mol/K x 423.15 K)

  =  198.05 / 34.74 mole

  = 5.700 moles

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C. Na (aq) + H2O (aq) NaOH (aq) + H2 (g) of the following chemical reactions represents a single replacement reaction

When a more reactive ingredient in a compound replaces a less reactive element, the reaction is referred to as a single displacement reaction. Metal, hydrogen, and halogen displacement reactions are the three different types of displacement reactions.

When chlorine is introduced to a solution of sodium bromide in gaseous form (or as a gas dissolved in water), bromine is replaced by chlorine. Sodium bromide's bromine is replaced with chlorine because it is more reactive than bromine, which causes the solutions to become blue.

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Answer:

Reduction

Explanation:

when an atom or ion decreases in oxidation state

The process in which an atom or ion experiences a decrease in its oxidation state is called reduction.

Reduction is the opposite of oxidation, which is the process in which an atom or ion experiences an increase in its oxidation state. In a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction, one species undergoes reduction while the other undergoes oxidation.

In the process of reduction, the species gains electrons, resulting in a decrease in its oxidation state. The reducing agent is the species that donates electrons, while the oxidizing agent is the species that accepts electrons.

Reduction reactions are important in many chemical and biological processes, including metabolism, photosynthesis, and corrosion. The study of redox reactions is important in understanding the behavior of chemicals in natural and industrial processes.

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The initial temperature of the water is 25.8 °C. As a result, the lead ball loses heat rapidly when it is placed in the water bath, causing the water temperature to increase significantly.

What is  Temperature?

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It is a physical quantity that describes how hot or cold an object is. Temperature is usually measured using a thermometer and is commonly expressed in units such as degrees Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), or Kelvin (K).

The energy gained by the water can also be calculated using the formula:

Q = mcΔT

where Q is the energy gained (in joules), m is the mass of the water (in grams), c is the specific heat capacity of water (in J/g°C), and ΔT is the change in temperature of the water (in °C).

We can calculate Q as follows:

Q = (500.0 g)(4.184 J/g°C)(35°C - T)

where T is the initial temperature of the water.

Since the energy lost by the lead ball is equal to the energy gained by the water, we can set these two equations equal to each other and solve for T:

(20.0 g)(0.13 J/g°C)(705°C - T) = (500.0 g)(4.184 J/g°C)(35°C - T)

Simplifying and solving for T gives:

T = 25.8°C

Therefore, the initial temperature of the water is 25.8 °C.

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