The number of cancer survivors who get new malignancies is expected to rise, although there are few thorough studies on the likelihood that survivors of adult-onset cancers would get successive primary cancers (SPCs).
standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of SPCs per 10,000 person-years in comparison to those anticipated in the general population.Several primary cancer types were significantly related with increased risk of acquiring and dying from an SPC among adult-onset cancer survivors in the United States when compared to the general population. Significant parts of the overall SPC incidence and death across all survivors were attributable to cancers linked to smoking or obesity, underscoring the significance of continuous surveillance and initiatives to stop new cancers among survivors.Cancer survivors who get new malignancies is expected to rise.
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a 50-year-old man presents with a 2-week history of not being able to see well. he is not on any medications. he has a 60 pack-year history of cigarette smoking. past medical and surgical history are otherwise unremarkable; he does not take any medications. on examination of his right eye, both ptosis and miosis are noted. a chest x-ray shows a rounded opacity in the right lung field.
The most likely diagnosis is Horner Syndrome.
Due to a disruption in the sympathetic nerve supply, Horner syndrome is an uncommon disorder that typically manifests as partial ptosis (drooping or falling of the upper eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and face anhidrosis (lack of sweating). However, there have been a few rare instances of congenital types of Horner syndrome, which are typically acquired after injury to the sympathetic nerve supply.
Damage to a specific sympathetic nervous system circuit results in Horner syndrome. The sympathetic nervous system controls your heart rate, breathing, sweating, blood pressure, and other bodily processes that let you react swiftly to environmental changes. Smaller pupils, drooping eyelids, and little to no perspiration on the affected side are all symptoms.
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the nurse instructs a client to take the prescribed pravastatin at bedtime based on understanding that:
he nurse instructs a client to take the prescribed pravastatin at bedtime based on understanding that
GreatTer drug effectiveness is achieved at this time.
In order to raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) and lower "bad" cholesterol and fats (such as LDL and triglycerides) in the blood, pravastatin is used in conjunction with a healthy diet. It is a member of the class of medications known as "statins." It functions by reducing the quantity of cholesterol the liver produces. Raising "good" cholesterol while lowering "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides reduces the risk of heart disease and aids in the prevention of strokes and heart attacks. Exercise, weight loss if overweight, and quitting smoking are some lifestyle changes that may help this drug work better, in addition to eating a healthy diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet).
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What would the nurse expect to hear when auscultating the lungs of a client diagnosed with pleuritis?.
When auscultating the lungs of a client diagnosed with pleuritis, the nurse would expect to hear a friction rub. The correct option is A.
What is friction rub?When the inflamed pleural surfaces rub together during breathing, a harsh, grating sound is produced.
This sound is often described as a rubbing, grating, or creaking noise and can be heard during both inspiration and expiration.
In contrast, stridor is a high-pitched, wheezing sound that occurs during inspiration and may indicate an upper airway obstruction, whereas decreased breath sounds may indicate lung collapse or consolidation.
As a result, in a client with pleuritis, the nurse would expect to hear a friction rub rather than stridor or decreased breath sounds.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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a client has been prescribed a combination diuretic agent. the nurse knows that the major purpose of this combination is what?
To boost the effectiveness of a medicine or lessen the drug negative effects.
What is a combination of diuretic agent?The diuretic is less likely to have negative effects when taken with other medications. It also enhances the other drug's blood pressure-lowering impact.
Other blood pressure medicines are supplemented with diuretics. For instance, if the person with high blood pressure also retains fluid, a diuretic may be administered.
By lowering the osmotic equivalent of water in the kidney tubule and tubular reabsorption of Na+. Thus, they eliminate extra salt and water from the body during the procedure.
Therefore, a client has been prescribed a combination diuretic agent.
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the nurse is comparing the clinical judgment model (cjm) in patients in an acute care setting with those in the community. which aspect is this addressing
The nurse is comparing the clinical judgment model (cjm) in patients in an acute care setting with those in the community which means she is addressing the reflecting aspect.
What is Clinical judgment model?This type of model is used as a template to determine or measure clinical judgment and decision in the case of a standard examination. This comprises of four steps which include:
NoticingInterpretingRespondingReflectingThe reflecting aspect involves the nurses confirming evidences through comparing different forms of techniques used for different scenario. This helps to determine if their actions have been giving rise to the expected results.
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medical team conference, patient and/or family not present, 30 minutes or more participation by nonphysician qualified health care professional. assign the cpt code. |
Medical team conference, patient and/or family not present, 30 minutes or more participation by nonphysician qualified health care professional. The cpt code is 99368.
What is CPT code?• The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes can be used by physicians and other healthcare professionals to document medical services and procedures in order to streamline reporting, increase accuracy, and increase efficiency.
• Additionally, CPT codes are utilized for administrative management duties including handling insurance claims and developing guidelines for evaluating medical services.
• The CPT language is the most widely used in the country for reporting medical, surgical, radiological, laboratory, anesthesiology, genomic sequencing, and evaluation and management (E/M) services for public and private health insurance systems.
• The CPT Editorial Panel oversees a rigid, transparent, and cooperative methodology for the creation and administration of the CPT code set.
• This more than 50-year-old AMA-convened method ensures that clinically relevant codes are provided, updated, and maintained on a regular basis to appropriately represent present clinical practice and technological advancement in medicine.
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the diagnosis of hypoglycemia is confirmed by the characteristics of whipple's triad. this triad includes all of the following except:
Whipple's triad—symptomatic hypoglycemia, plasma glucose concentration 55 mg/dl (3.0 mmol/l), and remission of those symptoms after raising plasma glucose concentration—is used to make a clinical diagnosis of symptomatic hypoglycemia.
Why is plasma used?Following the removal of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other biological components, plasma is the clear, straw-colored liquid portion of blood that is still present. It makes up around 55 percent of human blood and is made up of proteins, salts, enzymes, and water. It also contains antibodies and other proteins.
How is plasma made?When one or more electrons are ripped off an atom, a plasma is formed. An ionized atom may have a few (or perhaps one) missing electrons or it may have had all of its electrons removed, leaving only the atomic nucleus (of one or more protons and usually some neutrons).
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the spouse of a recently deceased client states, "i just can't believe he left me. he swore he would never leave me and i feel betrayed!" using kübler-ross stages of grief, what stage does the nurse identify the client is experiencing?
The client is experiencing the stage of Anger.
Anger is a feeling that is defined by hostility toward someone or something that you believe has intentionally wronged you. Anger has its benefits. For instance, it could give you a way to vent negative feelings or motivate you to look for solutions to problems. But unchecked rage might cause problems.
One of the biggest causes of anger is the environment. Stress, financial difficulties, abuse, poor social or familial circumstances, and excessive demands on your time and energy can all lead to anger. Anger management is a psychotherapy strategy for suppressing and preventing wrath. It's been believed to be a productive way to channel anger. The causes of rage are frequently frustration or feeling hindered or stopped from doing something the individual feels is important.
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a nurse recommends that a client come back once every 3 months in the coming year to have his cholesterol checked, to make sure he is maintaining a healthy level. which type of assessment is the nurse proposing?
Ongoing or partial is the type of assessment the nurse is proposing when the nurse recommends that a client come back once every 3 months in the coming year to have his cholesterol checked, to make sure he is maintaining a healthy level.
Partial assessment is a short version of comprehensive health assessment that includes review of at least one body system, nursing diagnosis etc.
Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in your blood. Your body needs cholesterol to build healthy cells, but high levels of cholesterol can increase your risk of heart disease. High cholesterol leads to development of fatty deposits in the blood vessel.
The normal range for cholesterol levels is less than 200 mg/dL. A few signs for high level of cholesterol are nausea, numbness, extreme fatigue, angina etc. A few exercises which help lower cholesterol levels are walking, running, cycling, and swimming.
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What is the most important way to prevent foodborne illnesses caused by viruses?.
Answer:
2 The most important way to prevent foodborne illnesses caused by viruses is to control time and temperature.
Explanation:
A patient expresses offense that you practice so many precautionary measures, including washing your hands and wearing protective gear. He asks why you treat patients as unclean. Your best response should be that:
A patient expresses offense that you practice so many precautionary measures and asks why you treat patients as unclean therefore the best response should be that serious communicable illnesses are spread by contact with blood borne and airborne pathogens, so precautions are necessary.
What is Precaution?This is referred to as a measure which is usually take to prevent something unpleasant or harmful from happening. This is common in the healthcare system as a result of it being the place where different illnesses are treated.
The patient may pathogens present in their body system which may be transmitted to the healthcare professionals if special care is not taken such as using personal protective equipment.
The response for the individual who asks why the patients are treated as being unclean is that serious communicable illnesses are spread by contact with blood borne and airborne pathogens, so precautions are necessary.
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the acsm recommends that people exercise at a thr between 25 and 40 percent of their maximum heart rate.
The aforementioned statement that people should exercise at a THR between 25 and 40% of their maximal heart rate is accurate.
The ACSM seeks to advance academic research, clinical practice, and sports medicine education via a number of initiatives. It sponsors field research, organizes regional, national, and worldwide professional events, and purports to provide continuous education and certification. It also produces newsletters and other publications.
People should exercise at a THR between 25 and 40 percent of their maximal heart rate, according to the ACSM. As a result, the assertion is accurate. You must first calculate your maximal heart rate in order to establish your optimal running heart rate. Subtract your age from 220 to find your maximal heart rate. Your maximal heart rate, for instance, if you are 30 years old, is 190.
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a patient is being prepared for surgery. the nurse receives the following order of atropine sulfate 0.4 mg im pre-op. the medication is supplied in 0.8 mg per milliliter. the nurse is correct when he prepares how many milliliters of the medication
The nurse should prepare to administer 0.5 mL of atropine sulfate before surgery.
Why is atropine sulfate used?Atropine sulfate is utilized to hinder nerve stimulation of muscles and organs and loosen up smooth muscles.Atropine sulfate eye drops is utilized to widen the pupil before eye tests. It is additionally used to treat an eye condition called amblyopia.This drug is utilized before eye assessments (like refraction) and to treat specific eye conditions (like uveitis, cycloplegia).The medication atropine can likewise be utilized to treat the side effects of low pulse (bradycardia), diminish salivation and bronchial secretions before medical procedure or as a cure for excess of cholinergic medications or mushroom poison.Learn more about atropine sulfate here:
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the nurse is planning to measure a patient’s blood pressure. what does the systolic measurement represent?
The systolic measurement represents the blood pressure during ventricular systole(contraction).
The force applied by the blood against the blood vessels is known as blood pressure(BP).
It is measured using an instrument called as a sphygmomanometer.
The heart is an organ that pumps blood to the whole body by contracting and relaxing after regular intervals of time which are known as heartbeats.
The blood pressure when the heart is contracting(also called ventricular systole) is known as systolic blood pressure. Its value is generally 120 mm of Hg.
The blood pressure when the heart is relaxing(also called ventricular diastole) is known as diastolic blood pressure. Its value is generally 80 mm of Hg.
Hence, the systolic measurement represents the blood pressure during ventricular systole(contraction).
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the impact of essential fatty acid, b vitamins, vitamin c, magnesium and zinc supplementation on stress levels in women: a systematic review
The current analysis reveals that, in the absence of depression, EFAs may be useful in lowering prenatal stress and salivary cortisol as well as anxiety during premenstrual syndrome and during menopause. Premenstrual tension may be reduced by magnesium and vitamin B6 together, while older women may have beneficial anxiety reduction with vitamin B6 alone.
Vitamin C with a high dosage and continuous release may lessen stress-related anxiety and lower blood pressure. This review comprised 14 papers in total. When depression was ignored, essential fatty acids failed to reduce perceived stress, salivary cortisol levels, anxiety in premenstrual women, anxiety following menopause, or anxiety during premenstrual syndrome.
EFAs were ineffectual in lowering stress or anxiety in four groups of women, regardless of the hormonal phase. Supplementing with magnesium and vitamin B6 together decreased premenstrual anxiety, however, neither vitamin alone nor combination had any impact on stress in women with dysmenorrhea. Vitamin B6 reduced anxiety in older women, but not folate or vitamin B12. In reaction to stress, high-dose sustained-release vitamin C proved beneficial in lowering blood pressure and anxiety.
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a client is newly diagnosed with hodgkin lymphoma. the nurse understands that the client's treatment will be based on what concept?
The client's neck has swollen lymph nodes.
Hodgkin lymphoma lymph node enlargement is not painful. If the swollen nodes are unpleasant, Hodgkin lymphoma is most likely the cause of the client's enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. A sore throat is not a symptom of this condition.The findings of your tests are used by your medical team to stage your Hodgkin's lymphoma. Understanding your condition's severity and figuring out which treatments are most likely to help you depends on its stage.The stages of Hodgkin's lymphoma are denoted by the numbers 1 through 4. A lower number denotes a cancer that is more likely to be cured because it is in an earlier stage. The bigger the number, the more advanced the cancer is.Swollen lymph nodes indicate Hodgkin lymphoma.
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E. P. Suffered from an illness that damaged his _____. After the brain damage, e. P. Has no problems performing well on tests of working memory, can carry on a conversation without difficulty, and can retrieve memories from before his illness. However, if you ask him at dinner what he ate for lunch he will have no idea.
EP suffered from an illness that damaged his hippocampus.
In the above statement, a man named E.P is being talked about.
EP. was an 84-year-old retired lab technician who had lost his ability to create memories due to an illness that damaged the parts of the brain responsible for converting short-term memories into long-term memories.
The hippocampus is a part of the brain that converts our perceptions into long-term memories.
If this part is damaged due to any reason, the person suffers from amnesia and loses the ability to create new memories.
Hence, E.P. suffered from an illness that damaged his hippocampus.
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assessment of a client in active labor reveals the following: moderate discomfort; cervix dilated 3 cm, 0 station and completely effaced; and fetal heart rate of 136 bpm. which should the nurse plan to do next?
If the evaluation of a client in active labor reveals: moderate discomfort; uterine cervix dilated 3 cm, 0 station and completely effaced; and fetal heart rate of 136 bpm. the nurse should plan to drive to labor.
What is Labor consists?Labor consists of a series of rhythmic, involuntary or clinically induced contractions of the uterus that result in effacement (thinning and shortening) and dilation of the cervix.
Birth has a spontaneous onset and is low risk at the start of labor and remains so throughout labor and delivery.The infant is born spontaneously in the head position between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation.After birth, mother and infant are in good conditionWith this information, we can conclude that Labor consists of a series of rhythmic, progressive contractions of the uterus that gradually move the fetus through the lower part of the uterus (cervix) and birth canal to the outside world.
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the hospital management is planning a study that compares the benefits and harms of a particular method to the benefits and harms of alternative methods when treating clients with chronic disorders. which approach does the nurse manager follow to improve client care?
The approach should be Comparative effectiveness research (CER) to improve the client care.
CER is the creation and synthesis of data that contrasts the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of a clinical disease or for enhancing the provision of healthcare.
The process through which innovations spread across society at various phases of choice, implementation, and confirmation is known as diffusion of innovations. PBE is a research approach that looks at results in the real world to assist influence practice decisions.
In PAR, the participants in the community being researched are active participants in the research team and are involved in formulating the study project's questions and addressing its problems.
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In the eyes of _____, society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together.
In the eyes of ____, society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together.
functionalists
a community nurse is making a home visit to an elderly, depressed client. during the assessment, the client experiences periods of silence. what would be the appropriate nursing response during these periods of silence?
An appropriate response which a nurse can give to a client during these periods of silence due to depression is to passionately demonstrate love to client by putting forward any action to distract the client and make the client happy
As healthcare provider, it is our responsibility to recognize and understand every mood our clients find themselves. Some of these depressed conditions could be as a result of the shocking news they received about their health condition as whether it can be managed or not over even as a result of loneliness without having people around the to care for them.
Nursing careNursing simply refers to those efforts made by nurses to improve the health conditions of clients and help them also fit psychologically.
So therefore, a community nurse is making a home visit to an elderly, depressed client. during the assessment, the client experiences periods of silence. what would be the appropriate nursing response during these periods of silence
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the nurse is caring for a client following a thoracotomy. which finding requires immediate intervention by the nurse?
Nurse is caring for a client following a thoracotomy. Finding that requires immediate intervention by the nurse:
Chest tube drainage, 190 mL/hr
Explanation:
What is thoracotomy surgery?
Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure in which a cut is made between the rib bones to access the organs inside the chest. These organs include the heart, windpipe (trachea), lungs, and food pipe (oesophagus).
Thoracotomy findings:
Moderate amounts of colorless sputum
Chest tube drainage, 190 mL/hr
Heart rate, 112 bpm
Pain of 5 on a 1-to-10 scale
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a client is started on aripiprazole and the nurse notices the client is experiencing dry mouth and nasal congestion. what intervention does the nurse teach the client to minimize the side effects of the medication?
Drinking frequent sips of water is the intervention does the nurse teach the client to minimize the side effects of the aripiprazole medication.
Aripiprazole is a drug used to treat schizophrenia that acts on the brain. It is often referred to as an atypical antipsychotic or a second generation antipsychotic (SGA). Dopamine and serotonin are rebalanced by aripiprazole to enhance cognition, mood, and behavior.
A medication may have side effects in addition to the ones that are intended. Even though not all of these adverse effects are likely to occur, if they do, medical treatment may be required. If any of the following side effects persist, are troublesome, or if you have any questions about them, speak with your doctor:
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individuals with asplenia are missing their spleen or have a spleen that doesn't function well. why is it recommended that these patients talk to their doctor about vaccines that are indicated for their health?
For those who have long-term medical issues such asplenia, vaccinations are very important.
There is a lifelong increase in the chance of developing life-threatening infections after splenectomy.Despite the extremely low danger (less than 1%), you can take the following precautions to safeguard your health:Vaccinate yourself.Record every vaccination you receive. Make sure each healthcare practitioner is aware if you have more than one. Inform your primary care physician of any illness as soon as possible.Wear a medical alert bracelet or keep a medical alert card that shows you've had your spleen removed with you at all times.Inform your primary care doctor that you don't have a spleen.Immediately inform your primary care provider of any fever or illness.Take antibiotics before and within 24 hours of any invasive medical procedure, including surgery, catheterization, and endoscopy.So, it is important for asplenic individuals to consult a doctor before getting vaccinated.
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A gram-positive bacterium suddenly acquires resistance to the antibiotic methicillin. This trait most likely occurred due to acquisition of new genetic information through.
A gram-positive bacterium suddenly acquires resistance to the antibiotic methicillin. This trait most likely occurred due to acquisition of new genetic information through conjugation.
What is gram-positive bacterium?Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that classified by the color they take up in the staining method or give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall.
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ms. jones is complaining of nausea and ruq pain. which set of labs would the nurse expect the provider to order based on her symptoms?
The nurse expects the provider to order aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) tests for Ms. Jones, who is complaining of nausea and RUQ pain.
The symptoms of possible liver/hepatic involvement include nausea and RUQ pain. The indicators of liver health include aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) tests. The provider measures renal functioning using 24-hour urine collection, uric acid, creatinine, and BUN.
Hematologic status is assessed by the complete blood count (CBC), platelet count, and fibrinogen levels. Although measurements of liver function are an immediate response to the patient's complaint of RUQ pain, all these parameters may be monitored throughout time.
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cohen ls, altshuler ll, harlow bl, nonacs r, newport dj, viguera ac, et al. relapse of major depression during pregnancy in women who maintain or discontinue antidepressant treatment [published erratum appears in jama 2006;296:170]. jama 2006;295:499–507. (level ii-2)
Antidepressant therapy is typically advised to be continued for at least 6 months after you start to feel better in order to prevent a relapse after stopping. It is suggested that some patients with recurring disease continue taking medication forever.
What is Antidepressant Treatment ?Major depressive illness, some anxiety disorders, some chronic pain conditions, and some addictions are all treated with antidepressants. Dry mouth, weight gain, wooziness, headaches, sexual dysfunction, and emotional blunting are typical adverse effects of antidepressants.
How well do antidepressants work?People who suffer from moderate to severe depression may find relief from antidepressants. They are the best option for symptom relief that occurs immediately, especially in cases of severe depression.
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How much more did bilingual medical secretaries make compared to monolingual medical secretaries?.
From various researches it has been discovered that bilingual workers typically earn 5-20% more per hour than monolingual workers. The main reason found out for this is that bilingual workers can have more number of work opportunity as compared to monolingual workers.
Bilingual medical secretaries typically know several different languages, enabling them to care for patients from a variety of backgrounds. By boosting the auditory brainstem response, bilingual experience may aid in the improvement of selective attention.
When it comes to executive function, particularly attention and working memory, bilingualism has significant negative effects on the brain and serves as enrichment for it.
Contrarily, monolingual medical secretaries are individuals who can communicate in and understand only one language. Monolinguals do really have a greater vocabulary and quicker recollection, which might be advantageous when there is a shortage of time.
As a result of the language barrier, it does not give us advantages over other things.
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in the context of the dose-response relationship of smoking and pregnancy, the diminished growth rate observed in the fetus of smoking women is attributed to the
With regards to the dose-response relationship of smoking and pregnancy, the less development rate seen in the fetus of smoking ladies is attributed to the diminished availability of oxygen.
What does smoking do to a pregnant women?Pregnant ladies who smoke pass nicotine and carbon monoxide to their developing children.Smoking increases your risk of unusual bleeding during pregnancy and at the time of delivery.This can seriously endanger both you and your child. Smoking raises your child's chances of being born with birth defects like lip cleft.In the event of pregnancy, each time you smokes a cigarette, it diminishes oxygen to your unborn child (fetus) and opens them to numerous harmful gases.Assuming you smoke during pregnancy, you are bound to conceive a baby early (premature baby).Premature children can have low birth weight and have problems with breathing, issues in vision and hearing.Smoking during pregnancy can harm tissues in the unborn child, mainly in the lungs and brain.Smoking while being pregnant puts you at greater risk of a large number of issues like miscarriage, bleeding, etc.Learn more about the effects of smoking here:
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the nurse is administering packed red blood cell (rbc) transfusions for a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (mds). the patient has had several transfusions and is likely to receive several more. what is a priority for the nurse to monitor related to the transfusions?
The priority for the nurse for a patient being administered with packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusions with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who has had several transfusions and is likely to receive several more should be to monitor the iron levels.
RBCs are the most the blood cells that transport oxygen to the whole body. These cells are devoid of nucleus in order to accommodate the maximum number of oxygen atoms possible. The red color of the cell is due to the hemoglobin pigment.
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is the one where the blood forming cells of bone marrow become low. This can affect the number of blood cells in a person's blood severely. MDS can be of several types and for some the causes are not even known.
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