Answer: Aerobic respiration produces around 18 times more energy compared to anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration generates 38 ATP, while anaerobic respiration generates 2 ATP using one glucose molecule.
What does it mean when your food is "irradiated?" A. They have been in contact with nuclear waste B. The vegetables come from farms near nuclear power plants C. The food is treated to give it a longer shelf life D. All of the above
The correct answer is C. The food is treated to give it a longer shelf life. Irradiated food is treated with ionizing radiation to extend its shelf life.
Exposing food to controlled radiation kills dangerous germs and parasites. Food is preserved.
Irradiation does not turn food radioactive or affect its nutrients. Irradiation preserves and makes food safer.
In conclusion, when your food is "irradiated," it means that it has been treated with ionizing radiation in order to give it a longer shelf life and make it safer to eat.
The correct answer to this question is C. The food is treated to give it a longer shelf life.
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How can bones be classified by their shapes
The group of organelles and cellular structures that work together to transport peptides/proteins out of the cell are collectively called_______
The group of organelles and cellular structures that work together to transport peptides/proteins out of the cell are collectively called the secretory pathway. The secretory pathway is composed of several organelles and cellular structures, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, and vesicles.
The secretory pathway functions to transport proteins from the site of synthesis in the ER to the plasma membrane, where they can be secreted out of the cell. The process begins with the synthesis of proteins on the rough ER. The proteins are then transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they undergo further modifications, such as glycosylation. Finally, the proteins are packaged into vesicles, which transport them to the plasma membrane for secretion.
In summary, the secretory pathway is a group of organelles and cellular structures that work together to transport peptides/proteins out of the cell. It is composed of the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and vesicles, and functions to transport proteins from the site of synthesis to the plasma membrane for secretion.
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In pea plants, having green peas (G) is dominant over yellow peas (g), and having round peas (R) is dominant over wrinkled peas (r).
Cross a pea plant that is heterozygous green and homozygous round with a pea plant that is heterozygous for both traits. Complete the Punnett square and determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring
The phenotype of the offspring would be green and round, green and wrinkled, yellow and around, and yellow and wrinkled. The Punnett square would look like this:
| GR | Gr | gR | gr
--| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---
GR| GGRr | GGrr | GgRr | Ggrr
Gr | GGRr | GGrr | GgRr | Ggrr
gR| GgRr | Ggrr | ggRr | ggrr
gr | GgRr | Ggrr | ggRr | ggrr
To complete the Punnett square and determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring, we first need to identify the parental genotypes. The first parent is heterozygous green (Gg) and homozygous round (RR), while the second parent is heterozygous for both traits (GgRr).
Based on the Punnett square of this case, possible genotypes of the offspring are GGRr, GGrr, GgRr, Ggrr, ggRr, and ggrr. These genotypes, when translated into phenotypes, would look like as follows:
Green and round (GGRr, GGrr, GgRr, Ggrr)Green and wrinkled (Ggrr)Yellow and round (ggRr)Yellow and wrinkled (ggrr)So, the offspring will have a 3:1 ratio of green to yellow peas and a 3:1 ratio of round to wrinkled peas.
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Question 1 (2 marks): In your research, you are doing genetic experiments on pea plants. You are observing flower position (axial or terminal) and the color of the flower (purple or white). You are crossing parents with the following traits: Purple flower at axial position (homozygous for both traits) X White flower at terminal position (homozygous for both traits). Then, F1 generation offspring is further crossed with the same F1 generation offspring. 1 1. Draw the Punnett square table of the experiment (1 Marks). 1.2. Explain the ratio of obtaining the flowers at the terminal position (1 Marks).
1.1. The Punnett square table of the experiment is as follows:
| | A | a |
|---|---|---|
| P | AP | aP |
| p | Ap | ap |
1.2. The ratio of obtaining the flowers at the terminal position is 0:4 or 0%, as all of the F1 generation offspring will have axial flowers.
1.1 The Punnett square is a tool used in genetics to predict the possible outcomes of a cross between two individuals. It consists of a table with rows and columns representing the alleles from each parent.
Each box in the table represents a possible combination of alleles in the offspring. In this particular Punnett square, the capital letter "A" represents a dominant allele, while the lowercase letter "a" represents a recessive allele.
1.2 This is because the axial flower position (A) is dominant over the terminal flower position (a), and all of the F1 generation offspring will have at least one A allele. Therefore, none of the F1 generation offspring will have terminal flowers.
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A
snow removal business would be classified as a O A. manufacturing
company. OB. service company. OC. simple company. OD. merchandising
company.
A snow removal business would be classified as a service company. Option B.
This is because the business provides a service, which is removing snow, rather than creating or selling a product.
A service company can be described as a company that offers some kind of service or help instead of manufacturing a product.
Manufacturing companies create products, merchandising companies sell products, and simple companies typically refer to small businesses with a limited number of owners. Therefore, the correct answer is B. service company.
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15. Use what you know about probability to determine the percent chance of each of the following
outcomes from a cross between two parents with the genotypes AaBbCCDdEEff and AaBbCcddEeFF.
a. AABBCCDDEEFF=
b. AaBbCcddEEFf=
(a)There is a 1/1024 chance of the offspring having the genotype AABBCCDDEEFF.; (b)There is a 1/65536 chance of the offspring having the genotype AaBbCcddEEFf.
What is genotype?Scoring of the type of variant present at given location in the genome is called genotype.
Parent 1 gametes:
AaBbCCDdEEff: ABCEf, ABCEf, abCEf, abCEf, ABcEf, ABcEf, abcEf, abcEf, ABCEf, ABCEf, abCEf, abCEf, ABcEf, ABcEf, abcEf, abcEf
Parent 2 gametes:
AaBbCcddEeFF: ABCde, ABCde, ABcde, ABcde, AbCde, AbCde, Abcde, Abcde, ABCde, ABCde, ABcde, ABcde, AbCde, AbCde, Abcde, Abcde
a. AABBCCDDEEFF:
(1/2)⁵ x (1/2)⁵ = 1/1024
This means that there is a 1/1024 chance of the offspring having the genotype AABBCCDDEEFF.
b. AaBbCcddEEFf:
For the AaBbCc part of the genotype, there are 4 possible alleles for each parent, so there are 16 possible combinations. The probability of each parent passing on a specific combination of alleles is 1/16, so the probability of both parents passing on the same combination of alleles is (1/16)²= 1/256.
For dd, each parent has a 1/4 chance of passing on recessive allele, so the probability of both parents passing on the recessive allele is (1/4)² = 1/16.
For EE, each parent has a 1/2 chance of passing on dominant allele, so probability of both parents passing on the dominant allele is (1/2)² = 1/4.
For Ff , each parent has a 1/2 chance of passing on either allele, so probability of both parents passing on same allele is (1/2)² = 1/4.
(1/256) x (1/16) x (1/4) x (1/4) = 1/65536
This means that there is a 1/65536 chance of the offspring having the genotype AaBbCcddEEFf.
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What is the name of the site where foreign DNA can be inserted
into in the ... a. C-DNA b. B-DNA c. T-RNA d. T-DNA
The name of the site where foreign DNA can be inserted into in the Ti plasmid is T-DNA. Option d.
T-DNA, or transfer DNA, is a section of the Ti plasmid that is transferred to the plant cell during genetic transformation. This is where foreign DNA can be inserted in order to create genetically modified plants. The T-DNA region is flanked by border sequences, which are recognized by the virulence (Vir) proteins that facilitate the transfer of the T-DNA into the plant cell.
In summary, the T-DNA is the site where foreign DNA can be inserted into in the Ti plasmid.
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Describe one forestry strategy that could be employed to meet both the Onceler's economic need of forest production and the Lorax's need for forest health.
(from The Lorax 1972)
By employing sustainable forestry management, the Onceler could continue to produce forest products while also protecting the health and biodiversity of the forest ecosystem,
What is Biodivesity?
Biodiversity, short for "biological diversity," refers to the variety of living organisms on Earth, including the genetic diversity within and between species, the variety of species themselves, and the diversity of ecosystems in which they live. Biodiversity is important for the functioning of ecosystems and the services they provide, such as air and water purification, nutrient cycling, pollination, and climate regulation.
One forestry strategy that could meet both the Onceler's economic need for forest production and the Lorax's need for forest health is sustainable forestry management. This strategy involves harvesting trees in a way that maintains the health and productivity of the forest over the long term.
To implement sustainable forestry management, the Onceler could use practices such as selective logging, which involves removing only the mature trees that are ready for harvest, leaving younger trees to continue growing. The Onceler could also plant new trees to replace those that are harvested and use techniques such as crop rotation to ensure the soil remains healthy and productive.
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What enzyme (or chemical method) was used on Protein Example #2
to make the C fragments?
Group of answer choices
a. trypsin
b. chymotrypsin
c. V8 protease
d. asp-N-protease
e. pepsin
f. cyanogen bromi
The enzyme used on Protein Example #2 to make the C fragments is trypsin.
Trypsin is a serine protease that cleaves proteins at the carboxyl side of lysine and arginine residues. It is an enzyme in the first section of the small intestine that starts the digestion of protein molecules by cutting long chains of amino acids into smaller pieces.
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Identify four functional groups and describe theproperties of each. Give two examples of chemicals in which thefunctional groups can be found.
There are four main functional groups: alcohols, amines, acids, and aldehydes. Each of these groups has distinct properties.
1. Hydroxyl group (-OH): This group is polar and can form hydrogen bonds, making compounds with this group soluble in water.
Examples of chemicals with this group are ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and glycerol (CH2OHCHOHCH2OH).
2. Carbonyl group (>C=O): This group is also polar and can form hydrogen bonds. It is found in aldehydes and ketones.
Examples of chemicals with this group are formaldehyde (HCHO) and acetone (CH3COCH3).
3. Carboxyl group (-COOH): This group is acidic and can donate a proton (H+) to a solution.
Examples of chemicals with this group are acetic acid (CH3COOH) and amino acids (NH2CHRCOOH).
4. Amino group (-NH2): This group is basic and can accept a proton (H+) from a solution.
Examples of chemicals with this group are ammonia (NH3) and amino acids (NH2CHRCOOH).
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What are all of the different types of pathology found in people
infected with: Entamoeba histolytica but not found in Trichomonas
infected human?
The different types of pathology found in people infected with Entamoeba histolytica but not found in Trichomonas infected human are : Colitis, Liver abscess, Peritonitis, Lung abscess, Gingivitis, Brain abscess, Amoeboma, Cutaneous amebiasis, and Genital ulceration.
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that can lead to a life-threatening disease called amoebiasis. It causes intestinal disease in humans and other primates, which is responsible for approximately 55,000 deaths per year.The pathology that develops in people infected with Entamoeba histolytica but not in Trichomonas infected humans is due to the parasite's ability to invade tissues outside of the intestine. In contrast, Trichomonas vaginalis, which infects the urogenital tract, is not associated with these types of pathological conditions.
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Given a quantitation value for a DNA extract (e.g. 27.8 ng/uL),
be able to calculate how you would make 10 uL of a 0.3 ng/uL
solution for adding to an Identifiler reaction.
To make 10 uL of a 0.3 ng/uL solution for adding to an Identifiler reaction, we need to calculate the amount of DNA sample that is needed. To do this, we can use the following formula:
Amount of DNA sample = Volume of solution x Concentration of sample
Therefore, we can calculate the amount of DNA sample needed by multiplying 10 uL (volume of solution) by 0.3 ng/uL (concentration of sample). This gives us 3 ng of DNA sample which needs to be added to 10 uL of solution.
To get this amount of DNA sample from the original 27.8 ng/uL solution, we need to calculate the volume of solution we need using the following formula:
Volume of solution = Amount of DNA sample / Concentration of sample
Therefore, we can calculate the volume of solution required by dividing 3 ng (amount of DNA sample) by 27.8 ng/uL (concentration of sample). This gives us 0.108 uL of the 27.8 ng/uL solution.
Finally, we can mix 0.108 uL of the 27.8 ng/uL solution with 9.892 uL of buffer solution to make 10 uL of a 0.3 ng/uL solution for adding to an Identifiler reaction.
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What is the average height for a 14 year girl?
Answer:63.2 inches, 160.5 cm, 5.26 feet
Answer: around 63 to 64 inches or 5 feet 4 inches
The diagram below shows reservoir interactions with the phosphorus cycle: Image shows arrows that point counterclockwise. Label A is over the water. An arrow points from there to label B, which is dead fish. From there, an arrow points to label C, which is rock under water. From there, an arrow points to label D, which is plants. Which statement best describes label C? Phosphorus is evaporating from the water into the atmosphere. Bacteria convert phosphate in dead organisms into phosphorus. Organisms, such as fish, absorb phosphorus from their food (plants and other animals). Sedimentary rocks are the largest source of phosphorus.
The sedimentary rοcks beneath the water are depicted by label C in the diagram. In the phοsphοrus cycle, sedimentary rοcks are οne οf the largest phοsphοrus reservοirs.
Minerals in rοcks that cοntain phοsphοrus weather οver time, releasing phοsphοrus intο the water and sοil, where plants and οther οrganisms can use it.
Which statement best describes label C?As a result, the statement that mοst accurately explains label C is: Phοsphοrus cοmes primarily frοm sedimentary rοcks.
Sedimentary rοcks: what are they?οne οf the three main types οf rοcks, sedimentary rοcks are fοrmed when οrganic materials, mineral fragments, and sediment cοmbine οver time. Sediments can travel by wind, water, οr ice and be depοsited in layers befοre being cοmpacted and cοnsοlidated intο sοlid sedimentary rοcks.
There are three main types οf sedimentary rοcks: οrganic, clastic, and chemical. Sandstοne, shale, and cοnglοmerate are examples οf preexisting rοck fragments that make up clastic sedimentary rοcks.
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Label C in the diagram represents the sedimentary rοcks that are present belοw the surface οf the sea. Sedimentary rοck fοrmatiοns are amοng the greatest reservοirs οf phοsphοrus in the phοsphοrus cycle.
When minerals in phsphrus-cοntaining rοcks weather οver time, phosphorus is released intο the water and sοil, where plants and οther οrganisms can use it.
What definitiοn best fits label C?The phrase "Phοsphοrus οriginates predοminantly frοm sedimentary rοcks" sums up label C the best.
What precisely are sedimentary rοcks?Sedimentary rοcks, οne οf the three majοr types οf rοcks, fοrm thrοughοut time as a result οf the fusiοn οf οrganic mοlecules, mineral fragments, and silt. Befοre being cοmpacted and cοllided intο deep sedimentary rοcks, sediments can be transpοrted by wind, water, οr ice. They can alsο be depοsited in layers.
There are three main types οf sedimentary rοcks: οrganic, clastic, and chemical. Sandstοne, shale, and cοnglοmerate are examples οf preexisting rοck fragments that make up clastic sedimentary rοcks.
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In the summer, which of the following would be the hottest?
A. Urban areas like downtown
B. Rural areas near a city
C. A community garden space with lots of vegetation
D. Suburbs
Answer:
A. Urban areas like downtown
Explanation:
Structures such as buildings, roads, and other infrastructure absorb and re-emit the sun's heat more than natural landscapes such as forests and water bodies. Urban areas, where these structures are highly concentrated and greenery is limited, become “islands” of higher temperatures relative to outlying areas.
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What environmental conditions might play a role in a person’s tendency to contract a disease? Genetics can also play a role in a person’s tendency to contract a certain disease, but many human diseases do not have a straightforward single-gene cause. What are some diseases you can think of that may be inherited--caused by certain genes?
The environmental conditions might play a role in a person’s tendency to contract a disease are polluted environment and environment with ultraviolet radiation. Some diseases that may be inherited--caused by certain genes are alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, Marfan syndrome, and sickle cell anemia.
Living or working in a polluted environment increases the risk of respiratory illnesses, lung cancer, and other health problems. Long-term exposure to ionizing radiation has been linked to cancer. Long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation, particularly from the sun, increases the risk of skin cancer, cataracts, and other eye disorders. Poor hygiene can lead to the spread of infectious diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and other gastrointestinal infections. Then lack of clean water and sanitation increases the risk of infectious diseases such as typhoid, hepatitis, and other waterborne illnesses.
Different types of environmental factors can influence human health, with a range of communicable and non-communicable diseases associated with environmental conditions. These environmental conditions may affect the occurrence, severity, or outcome of infectious diseases or non-communicable diseases. Environmental conditions can play a role in the spread of diseases, their prevalence, and transmission, this can include exposure to air pollution, water pollution, and poor sanitation. It can also include exposure to radiation or toxins. Some of the diseases that may be inherited include: Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, Marfan syndrome, and sickle cell anemia.
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1. Name and describe several factors limiting the spread of nonvascular plants such as liverworts, hornworts, and mosses.
2. In seed plants, a fertilized egg develops into an embryo, which is contained within the seed. Describe the structure and function of each part of the embryo. What advantages do these structures give a spermatophyte compared to a bryophyte?
1. Several factors limiting the spread of nonvascular plants such as liverworts, hornworts, and mosses include their reliance on moisture for spore dispersal.
2. The structure and function of the embryo of a spermatophyte, or seed-bearing plant, is composed of the cotyledons, the radicle, and the plumule.
1. their inability to compete with vascular plants, and their lack of a vascular system. Without a vascular system, these plants are unable to transport water and nutrients effectively, and are therefore restricted in their growth.
2. The cotyledons are the two seed leaves and are responsible for the initial nourishment of the embryo. The radicle is the first root of the embryo and is responsible for anchoring the embryo in the soil. The plumule is the shoot of the embryo and is responsible for the upward growth of the seedling.
These structures give the spermatophyte the advantage of being able to develop in more hostile environments than bryophytes, since the embryo is protected by the seed coat, and the structures provide the seedling with the initial resources it needs to grow.
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Which characteristic of the karyotype helps identify the male shown as having Klinefeller
syndrome?
A. the length of the sex chromosomes
B. the total number of sex chromosomes
C. the length of the nonsex chromosomes
D. the total number of nonsex chromosomes
Answer: B
Explanation:
Klinefeller syndrome is where males have an extra X chromosome. The x chromosome is a sex chromosome.
six applications for tissue culture. Describe all six
applications and give two examples of each one.
Tissue culture is a method of cell culture used to study the growth and behavior of cells. It has a variety of applications in medicine, biotechnology, and research. The six main applications are:
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Anaerobically growing bacteria can grow in which type of medium? choose one: a. Complex b. Selective c. Reduced d. Enriched
B.selective. One or more microbe species can be chosen using a selective medium. They will be the only bacteria that can grow on or in the medium because all others will be prevented from doing so.
There are numerous methods for obtaining selectivity. It is easy to choose for organisms that can use the sugar, for example, by making a certain sugar the sole source of carbon in the medium. A certain type of microorganism can be selectively blocked by the use of dyes, antibiotics, salts, or other inhibitors that affect the enzyme systems or metabolism of the organisms.
Differentiating between groups of species or closely related organisms is done using differential media. All three sectors medical, food, and dairy use a variety of selection and differential media.
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can someone help me finish this
Explanation:
Refer to pic..........
Natural selection increases the number of different types of
alleles within a population.
True or false
Natural selection increases the number of different types of alleles within a population.
The given statement is False.
Natural selection does not increase the number of different types of alleles within a population. Instead, it increases the frequency of certain alleles that are advantageous for survival and reproduction in a particular environment. These advantageous alleles become more common in the population over time, while less advantageous alleles become less common. This process is known as adaptive evolution and can lead to changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time. However, it does not increase the number of different types of alleles within a population.
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Determine the source of nucleic acid you will use as a template for cloning c4. Outline the major steps necessary (don't include full protocol) to prepare the template for PCR
The source of nucleic acid for cloning c4 will depend on the organism of interest and the specific gene sequence being targeted.
If the gene sequence is known, a genomic DNA or cDNA library could be screened to identify a suitable template. Alternatively, PCR amplification of the gene sequence from genomic DNA or cDNA can be performed.
The major steps necessary to prepare the template for PCR include DNA extraction, quantification, and purification. DNA extraction can be performed using a variety of methods, such as organic extraction or commercial DNA extraction kits.
The extracted DNA should be quantified to ensure there is enough template for PCR. DNA purification can be achieved using commercially available kits or by precipitation with ethanol. Finally, the purified DNA can be used as a template for PCR amplification.
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Suppose you are measuring the metabolic rate of a youmg growing cow by using the material-balance method. procedures could you use to take account of the cow's git so that you measure a correct metabolic rate?
To measure the metabolic rate of a young growing cow using the material-balance method, you can take account of the cow's growth by measuring the cow's feed intake and growth rate over time.
This data can then be used to calculate the energy balance, or the difference between the energy intake and the energy output, which will give an accurate measure of the metabolic rate.
To use the material-balance method, you will need to measure the animal's body weight, feed intake, and heat production at regular intervals. You can then use this data to calculate the energy balance. For example, if the energy output exceeds the energy intake, the metabolic rate is too high. Conversely, if the energy intake exceeds the energy output, the metabolic rate is too low.
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Besides the major endocrine organs, isolated clusters of cells produce hormones within body organs that are usually not associated with the endocrine system. A number of these hormones are listed in the table below. Fill in the missing information (blank spaces) on these hormones in the table.
Can someone help me fill in the blank spaces please
Chemical Makeup: Human chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): Protein; Leptin: Peptide.
What is Chemical Makeup?Chemical makeup is the composition of a substance in terms of its elements and their proportions, such as the proportions of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in water. This composition can vary from single elements to complex combinations of elements, depending on the substance in question. Chemical makeup can determine a substance’s physical and chemical properties, such as boiling point, melting point, and reactivity. Different chemical makeups can also give rise to different forms of the same matter, such as the different states of water (solid, liquid, and gas). In order to determine the chemical makeup of a given substance, scientists use tools such as mass spectrometry and chromatography.
Source: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): Placenta; Leptin: Adipose tissue
Effects: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): Stimulates production of progesterone and estrogen by the corpus luteum; Leptin: Regulates appetite and energy expenditure.
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how does heroin affect the function of the synapses
Answer:
Heroin strongly activates dopamine neurons, and only excites serotonin neurons at higher doses. Nicotine activates dopamine neurons in merely a few seconds, but produces minimal effects on serotonin neurons.
Explanation:
How have seeds contributed to the success of angiosperms?
Select one:
a. by attracting insects to transfer them to the stigma
b. by hitch-hiking on animals to be transported to the stigma
c. by nourishing the embryo to live on for a while
d. by nourishing the plants that make them
Seeds have contributed to the success of angiosperms by nourishing the embryo to live on for a while. This is because the seed contains a food source for the developing plant, which allows it to survive until it can establish roots and begin to photosynthesize.
Additionally, seeds allow angiosperms to reproduce and spread to new locations, which also contributes to their success.
Overall, the development of seeds has been a key factor in the success of angiosperms, and has allowed them to become one of the most dominant groups of plants on Earth.
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Based on their differences in cell structure, which of the following would you be more likely to see in bacteria than in Eukaryotes?
-More proteins with primary structure changes.
-More time between stimulus and response when the response requires production of new proteins
-Faster transcription
-All of the above
Based on their differences in cell structure, you would be more likely to see faster transcription in bacteria than in Eukaryotes.
Bacteria are prokaryotes, which means they have a simpler cell structure compared to eukaryotes. One of the key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. Instead, their DNA is found in a circular loop called a nucleoid. This means that transcription (the process of copying DNA into RNA) can occur more quickly in bacteria than in eukaryotes because there is no need for the RNA to exit the nucleus before it can be translated into proteins.
In contrast, eukaryotes have a more complex cell structure with a nucleus that separates the DNA from the rest of the cell. This means that transcription occurs inside the nucleus, and the resulting RNA must be transported out of the nucleus before it can be translated into proteins. This extra step can slow down the process of transcription in eukaryotes compared to bacteria.
Therefore, the correct answer is faster transcription.
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A katydid with the genotype
F/F∙b/b
is mated with
a
katydid that is
f/f∙B/B
. The
F 1
progeny from this cross are test crossed. Lower case is used to designate a recessive allele. What would be the genotype of the katydid used as the tester? a) F/f • b/b b) F/F • b/b c) f/f • b/b d) f/f • B/B e) F/F • B/B
Progeny from this cross are test crossed. Lower case is used to designate a recessive allele. The genotype of the katydid used as the tester would be e) F/F • B/B
The given genotypes are:F/F•b/b and f/f•B/B.F1 progeny: In order to determine the F1 progeny, we will cross the above-mentioned genotypes:F/F•b/b × f/f•B/B. This will result in the following possible gametes:F•b and f•BThe above-mentioned gametes will combine to form F1 progeny:F/f•B/b. The genotype of the katydid used as the tester:It can be determined from the F1 progeny by using the test cross method.
For the test cross, we will cross the F1 progeny with the homozygous recessive parent (f/f•b/b).The resulting offspring from the test cross:F/f•b/b × f/f•B/B ⇒ f/f•b/B, f/f•b/b, F/f•b/B, and F/f•B/BThe phenotype of f/f•b/b and F/f•b/b is similar. Hence, we can ignore them. Thus, the only observed genotype of the offspring is F/f•B/B. This genotype can only be possible if the tester's genotype is F/F•B/B.The genotype of the katydid used as the tester is F/F•B/B.
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