Three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer that can lead to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria are transformation, conjugation, and transduction. Hence option A is correct.
What is transformation?Transformation is the process by which bacteria take up DNA from their surroundings and incorporate it into their genome.
Conjugation involves the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another through a pilus, a thin tube-like structure.
Transduction occurs when bacteria acquire DNA from a virus that has infected them.
These mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer are significant because they allow bacteria to quickly adapt to new environments and acquire antibiotic resistance genes that can help them survive in the presence of antibiotics.
This can lead to the development of superbugs that are resistant to multiple antibiotics and can cause serious infections that are difficult to treat. It is important to use antibiotics judiciously and to develop new antibiotics and alternative treatments to combat antibiotic resistance.
Hence option A is correct.
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We use heat and additional bacteria to make a cheesefrom yoghurt.
Do you think the heat can kill the bacteria ?
If you say Yes why we need to use bacteria?
If you say No why not the bacteria can kill us when we feed it?
bacteria are rapidly killed at temperatures above 149°F (65°C). we need to use bacteria because We could not survive without all the bacteria living on and inside us. They act as part of our immune systems, digest foods such as dairy that we cannot break down ourselves and provide us with nutrients and minerals that we need to survive.
The top physical layer of the Earth is called
Answer:
lithosphereExplanation:
I hope l helped you ❤❤Explain the processes within Meiosis that increase genetic variation.
which of the following is not likely to be found at or occur at the boundary shown in the diagram below
Of the following items that are not likely to be found or will occur at the boundary shown in the diagram below is subduction
subductionWhat is subduction?A subduction zone is a point where two of the planet's tectonic plates collide and one dips, or subducts, below the other, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This tectonic process can produce some of the most powerful earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes on the planet.
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Approximately how many total ATP equivalents are generated by the complete oxidation of one molecule of acetyl CoA via the citric acid cycle?a) 1.5b) 2.5
c) 10
d) 30
Answer:
C. 10 ATP molecules
Explanation:
In the citric acid cycle is a series of eight reactions steps in which a two-carbon molecule, acetyl-CoA, enters the cycle through citrate and two atoms of carbon are removed as two molecules of carbon dioxide.
The energy generated by the complete oxidation of one molecule of acetyl CoA via the citric acid cycle is conserved in the production of three NADH molecules, one FADH₂ and one ATP molecule. Each NADH molecule transfers two electrons to oxygen in the electron transport chain, forming 2.5 ATP molecules each in the process. Similarly, an FADH2 molecules transfers two electrons to oxygen in the electron transport chain yielding 1.5 ATP molecules.
Total ATP molecules produced:
3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 ATP = (2.5 × 3) + (1.5 × 1) + 1 ATP = 10 ATP molecules
Therefore, 10 ATP molecules are generated by the complete oxidation of one molecule of acetyl CoA via the citric acid cycle.
Hello, I have a final biology exam tomorrow at 12 pm in Palestine and I need help , can you help me please ??
Answer:
yes please say the problem
Answer:
Sure thing
Explanation:
Just make sure it's legal,lol
just kidding,but am looking n Africa so can you send the time difference so I can know when to ce online?
giving brainliest!!
What charges are needed in the objects in order for attraction to occur?
A) A positive charge
B) A negative charge
C) A positive charge and uncharged
D) A negative charge and uncharged
Answer:
The balloon would likely become charged and its charge would exert a strange influence upon other objects in its vicinity. If some small bits of paper were placed upon a table and the balloon were brought near and held above the paper bits, then the presence of the charged balloon might create a sufficient attraction for the paper bits to raise them off the table. This influence - known as an electric force - occurs even when the charged balloon is held some distance away from the paper bits. The electric force is a non-contact force. Any charged object can exert this force upon other objects - both charged and uncharged objects.
Explanation:
Answer:
I think it’s C because positive charge and uncharge can attract each other
It can’t be D because none of the photos have a negative charge
PLEASE HELP IN ONE MINUTE
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Answer:
Sample D
Explanation:
It is the least dense.
what elements are metals?
Answer:
Examples of metal elements are iron, copper, silver, mercury, lead, aluminum, gold, platinum, zinc, nickel, tin and many more.
Explanation:
hope this helps :)
will give a 100 points assap
Clem is h o m o zygous for earlobe type.
What does this mean?
He has two of the same alleles for earlobe type, one from each parent.
He has two different alleles for earlobe type, one from each parent.
He has one allele for earlobe type from one parent.
He has two alleles for earlobe type, both from the same parent.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Answer:
a
Explanation:
What affect the function of a proteins
Which of the following statements best describes cellular respiration
Answer:
Cellular respiration, the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water.
Explanation:
Brainliest please?
The correct description about cellular respiration is - option H. Carbon-based molecules from food and oxygen are used to make ATP.
Cellular respiration is the multistep metabolic process that takes place in the mitochondria of the cell. There are two types of cellular respiration, aerobic and anaerobic.
Aerobic cellular includes three major stages glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.In this process, the products of photosynthesis, glucose, a carbon-based molecule, and oxygen are used to break down the glucose molecule and release energy in ATP.There are byproducts that are water and carbon dioxide.Thus, the correct answer is - option H.
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Which of the following is NOT a reason for asexual reproduction in somatic cells? A growth B replacement of dead cells С repair injuries D to make gametes
Answer:
D. Making gametes technically isnt asexual reproduction because the offspring arent exact copies.
Explanation:
Mitosis is what replaces dead/ dying cells and repair injuries
what is the substance found in cell walls of diatoms
Answer: opaline silica
Explanation:
Most enzymes fall into which group?
lyases
hydrolases
transferases
isomerases
1) What is the difference between regular and diffuse reflection?
Explanation:
Regular reflection happens when light reflects off an awfully smooth surface and forms a clear picture.
Diffuse reflection happens when light reflects off a unpleasant surface and forms a hazy picture or no picture at all.
A student is examining the gas inside a helium balloon. If the gas is composed of only helium atoms, what can the student conclude?
For a student examining the gas inside a helium balloon, if the gas is composed of only helium atoms, the student can conclude that the gas in the balloon is a pure substance.
What are pure substances?Pure substances are substances which are composed of entirely the same type of atoms or molecules.
Pure substances are of two types;
Elements, andCompoundsElements are substances which are composed of the same type of atoms and which cannot be split into simpler substances by an ordinary chemical process.
Helium is an example of an element. It is a gas which is used in the filling of balloons since it is less than air.
Air unlike helium is an impure substance that is composed of a mixture of gases.
For the student who is examining the gas inside a helium balloon, if the gas is composed of only helium atoms, the student can conclude that the gas in the balloon is a pure substance composed entirely of helium gas atoms.
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Which is a small animal with tentacles and a skeleton made of calcite?
A. squid
B. coral
C. octopus
D. starfish
I think squid
Explanation:
I'm not sure
Answer: coral and some starfish
Explanation: knowledge
Which of the following is a result of the exchange of homologous chromosome parts during the process of meiosis?
a offspring with unique combinations of traits
b decreased gamete number
c random mutations
d decreased number of alleles on each chromosome
Answer:
a offspring with unique combinations of traits
Explanation:
This question is describing a process called CROSSING OVER, which is unique to meiosis. Crossing-over is a process whereby non-sister chromatids of a homologous chromosome exchanges a segment or portion of their chromosome. This process of crossing over occurs in the PROPHASE I stage of meiosis.
The result of crossing-over, if it occurs, is to promote genetic diversity among the species of an organism. This is because the exchange of chromosome segments produces an offspring with a unique combinations of traits. Alleles of a gene are recombined in such a way that a unique combination is produced via the process.
Explain how the two abiotic factors below affect marine ecosystems.
1-Amount of sunlight
2-Sediment
In your own words
The effects of amount of sunlight and sediments to the marine ecosystems is discussed below.
What is marine ecosystems?The marine ecosystem is a type of aquatic ecosystem that are found in water that has high salt content.
There are alot of factors called the abiotic factors that affect the marine ecosystem which include:
Amount of sunlight: Sunlight is needed by the phytoplankton in the marine ecosystem as a source of energy to produce organic matter.Sediments: These can affect the foodchain of the marine ecosystem. It affects the fish habitat by destroying the spawning areas for fish.Therefore, sediments and sunlight are examples of the abiotic factors of the marine ecosystem that affects the stability of the ecosystem.
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A plate moving at a rate of 4 cm/year is moving toward a plate that is 10,000 km away. In how many years will the plates collide?
250 million years
2,500 years
25 thousand years
250,000 years
Answer:
250 million years
Explanation:
I did the test
Answer:
250 million yrs
Explanation:
trust me slime
Why were multiple applications of chloroplast solution applied to the chromatography strip with the capillary tube?
Answer:
To analyze the diversity of various chloroplast solution.
Explanation:
Chromatography is a separation technique used to analyze and compare two or more complex and colored solutions or mixtures. There are several types of chromatography like paper and thin-layer chromatography. The latter is used to separate and analyze two mixtures, applied at an angle of 90 degrees from each other while the former is used to separate multiple non-volatile solutions.
Without evaporation, the water cycle would not be able to continue to repeat over and over again.
TRUE OR FALSE QUESTION
Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have
_____ chromosomes. Therefore, a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined)
would create a cell with ____ chromosomes.
Answer:a sperm or a egg has an average of 11 chromosomes. both sperm and egg combine together would create 22 chromosomes. the average number of a normal human cell.
Explanation:
Answer:
13 chromosomes, 26 chromosomes
Explanation:
What is one way that science helps shape society?
Help me pls what characteristics of life does a pregnant lady have and her baby
Base your answer on the following list of disorders. Choose the disorder that best describes the given statement below.
Disorders
(1) Angina pectoris
(2) Leukemia
(3) Emphysema
(4) Diabetes
(5) Meningitis
What is enlargement and degeneration of the alveoli, resulting in decreased lung capacity known as?
Answer:
3
Explanation:
Trace the path of nitrogen from atmospheric N2 into glutamate. Name the enzymes, substrates, products, and coenzymes.
Answer:
The path of the atmospheric nitrogen to the glutamate involves three broad steps where it is fixed to ammonia which is incorporated into glutamine and then finally forms glutamate by catalyzation reaction. These three reactions are given below with products formed, reactants, and enzymes involved:
1. Atmospheric nitrogen is the reactant that is reduced to ammonia (product) in this reaction. This reaction is catalyzed by the nitrogenase complex present in bacteria present in legumes:
N2 + 10H+ + 8e- + 16ATP → 2NH4+ + 16ADP + 16Pi + H2.
2. Ammonia (reactant) is incorporated into glutamine (product) in this second reaction which involves glutamine synthetase as catalyst: Glutamate + NH4+ + ATP → glutamine + ADP + Pi + H+.
3. Finally glutamine (final product) is formed by the glutamine (substrate) catalyzed by the glutamate synthase
α-Ketoglutarate + glutamine + NADPH + H+ → 2 glutamate + NADP+.
Solution :
Firstly the nitrogen molecule, [tex]$N_2 $[/tex] is reduced to to [tex]$NH_3$[/tex] (ammonia) in the reaction that is catalyzed by nitrogenase complex. It is present in the certain prokaryotes, which includes some of the live symbiotically with the legumes
[tex]$N_2 + 10H^ + + 8e^- + 14 \ ATP \rightarrow 2NH_4^+ + 16ADP + 16Pi + H_2$[/tex]
The ammonia is then incorporated into the glutamine in reaction that is catalyzed by the glutamine synthetase:
[tex]$\text{glutamate} + NH_4^+ + ATP \rightarrow \text{ glutamine} \ + ADP + Pi + H^+$[/tex]
And finally the glutamate synthase that catalyzes the formation of the glutamate from the glutamine :
α-Ketoglutarate + glutamine + NADPH + [tex]$H^+ \rightarrow 2 \ glutamate + NADP^+ $[/tex]
Also there is an alternative minor route for the formation of glutamate from ammonia that involves reaction catalyzed bu the glutamate dehydrogenase :
[tex]$\alpha - \text{Ketoglutarate} + NH_4^+ + NADPH \rightarrow \text{ glutamate} \ NADP^+ + H_2O $[/tex]
I give you brilliant
Answer:
As soon as the concentration passed 39, the plants died. Adding to that, I have also found out that the lower the concentration of the sugar, the more the average height becomes.
Explanation:
Plant growth and development are tightly controlled in response to environmental conditions that influence the availability of photosynthetic carbon in the form of sucrose. Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P), the precursor of trehalas in the biosynthetic pathway, is an important signalling metabolite that is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development in response to carbon availability. In addition to the plant’s own pathway for trehalas synthesis, formation of T6P or trehalas by pathogens can result in the reprogramming of plant metabolism and development. Developmental processes that are regulated by T6P range from embryo development to leaf senescence. Some of these processes are regulated in interaction with phytohormones, such as auxin. A key interacting factor of T6P signalling in response to the environment is the protein kinase sucrose non-fermenting related kinase-1 (SnRK1), whose catalytic activity is inhibited by T6P. SnRK1 is most likely involved in the adjustment of metabolism and growth in response to starvation. The transcription factor bZIP11 has recently been identified as a new player in the T6P/SnRK1 regulatory pathway. By inhibiting SnRK1, T6P promotes biosynthetic reactions. This regulation has important consequences for crop production, for example, in the developing wheat grain and during the growth of potato tubers.
The law of_____
is the law describing how factors
for the same trait go to different gametes.
The answers or on the photo
Answer:
The correct answer is - segregation.
Explanation:
The law of segregation states that out of two factors or alleles of a gene located in an organism, only one allele or factor is distributed to each sperm cell or egg cell (gamete) randomly, So, the segregation of the alleles are random and only one allele is distributed to each gamete according to this law.
The law of segregation helps in making a different combination of alleles in a particular species or population and leads to variation in genetics. It makes sure that traits distribute to each generation randomly.