Answer: tariff
Explanation:
I took the test
United and Delta recently cut their prices for flights between Los Angeles to Seattle to $199. In response, Alaska Airlines cut their price from $239 to $199 for flights between Los Angeles and Seattle in order to remain competitive. Based on this example, what degree of competition exists in the airline industry?
The degree of competition exists in the airline industry is Oligopoly.
An oligopoly is when a small group of big sellers or manufacturers control a sizable portion of a market or an entire industry. The desire to maximize profits frequently gives rise to oligopolies, which can lead to corporate cooperation. Less competition, higher consumer pricing, and lower employee compensation are the results. Many industries, including civil aviation, energy providers, telecommunications companies, rail freight markets, food processing, funeral services, sugar refining, beer manufacture, pulp and paper manufacturing, and auto manufacturing, have been characterized as being oligopolistic. Most nations have legislation that forbids engaging in anti-competitive behavior. EU competition law forbids the use of anti-competitive strategies such price-fixing, influencing market supply, and interfering with rival trade.
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Privott, Inc., manufactures and sells two products: Product Z9 and Product N0. The company is considering adopting an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools, activity measures, and expected activity:
Estimated Expected Activity
Activity Cost Pools Activity Measures Overhead Cost Product Z9 Product N0 Total
Labor-related DLHs $ 337,018 7,700 4,300 12,000
Product testing tests 52,247 1,050 1,150 2,200
Order size MHs 477,608 5,300 5,600 10,900
$ 866,873
The activity rate for the Labor-Related activity cost pool under activity-based costing is closest to:
A. $45.43 per DLH
B. $394.03 per DLH
C. $49.76 per DLH
D. $28.08 per DLH
Answer:
Option D is correct
Activity rate for the Labor-Related activity cost pool= $28.08 per DLH
Explanation:
Activity-based costing is a form of absorption costing where overheads are charged to product using cost drivers.
Under this method, overheads are first analyzed and categorized by the activities responsible for them and then charged to product based on the amount of benefits enjoyed using cost drivers.
Activity rate per driver is calculated as:
Activity overhead for the period / Total cost drivers for the period
Activity rate for the Labor-Related activity cost pool
= Labour related overheads/Total labour hours
= $ 337,018 /12,000 labour hours
= $28.08 per Direct labour hour
Activity rate for the Labor-Related activity cost pool= $28.08 per DLH
Opportunity costs are defined as Group of answer choices as the difference between the benefits from a choice and the benefits from the next best alternative as the value of the best alternative not chosen only in terms of money spent as the value of all the alternatives not chosen as the difference between the benefits from a choice and the costs of that choice
Opportunity costs are defined as a choice and the benefits from the next best alternative. So option b. is correct. Opportunity cost is the forgone advantage that would have been derived from an alternative not chosen.
To adequately assess the opportunity costs, the costs and benefits of every alternative available must be contemplated and reflected upon against the others. Evaluating the significance of opportunity costs can navigate people and organizations to better profitable decision-making processes. Opportunity cost is a precisely internal expense used for strategic consideration; it is not included in accounting gain and is left out of external financial reporting.
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If the Fed conducts open-market sales, which of the following quantities increase?
a. interest rates, prices, and investment spending
b. interest rates and prices, but not investment spending
c. interest rates and investment, but not prices
d. interest rates, but not investment or prices
d. interest rates, but not investment or price.When the Federal Reserve conducts open-market sales, it is decreasing the money supply by selling government securities to banks and other financial institutions.
This decrease in the money supply can lead to an increase in interest rates as banks will have less money to lend and will therefore charge higher rates to borrowers. However, open-market sales do not directly impact investment spending or prices, so these quantities will not increase as a result of the Fed's actions. Open-market sales are a monetary policy tool used by the Fed to control inflation and stabilize the economy. By decreasing the money supply, the Fed aims to reduce inflationary pressures and bring interest rates up to a level that is considered to be more appropriate for the economy.
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Beeline Inc. offers entrepreneurs the opportunity to operate a franchise under the Beeline trade name as a dealer that sells and leases Beeline equipment. To potential franchisees, Beeline must provide Group of answer choices none of the choices. projected earnings figures. no earnings figures. hypothetical earnings figures.
To potential franchisees, Beeline must provide projected earnings figures. An analyst's projection of future quarterly or yearly profits per share for a publicly traded firm is known as an earnings estimate (EPS).
In order to evaluate a company's performance and make investment decisions concerning it, investors significantly rely on earnings predictions. Consensus earnings estimates are the average or median projections made by a group of analysts regarding the profits or losses a firm is anticipated to experience over a specific time period, usually quarterly and annually. When something is foreseen or estimated, or when sections of something go beyond the rest, as in the case of projected pillars that rise past a building's roof.
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In problem 10 above, what will be the remaining amount of the investment at the end of the 10-year term, after the last income payment is received?
After the last income payment is received the remaining amount of the investment at the end of the 10-year term will be $0.
A purchase made with the intention of creating income or capital growth is known as an investment. An asset's value increasing over time is referred to as appreciation. When a person invests in a good, they do not intend to utilise it as a source of immediate consumption, but rather as a tool for future wealth creation. An investment always involves the expenditure about some resource today time, effort, money, or an asset in the anticipation of a future return greater than the initial investment.
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What may have caused the Incas to be defeated so easily by the Spanish?
The Spanish had many advantages that allowed them to easily defeat the Incas. These advantages included superior weapons, advanced military tactics, and the introduction of new diseases to the Incas that caused many of them to get fall ill and then die.
The Spanish also had large numbers of soldiers, which allowed them to overwhelm the Incas. Ultimately, the Incas were not united and their leadership was weakened by civil wars and the lack of a unified strategy against the Spanish. All these factors combined to create a situation where the Incas were unable to adequately defend themselves against the Spanish.
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What restriction would the government impose in a closed economy the government would prohibit trade with other nations?
The cost of imported items would be decided by the government. Only traditional customs would be preserved by the government. Private property ownership would be prohibited by the government.
A government basic definition is what?A state or community's system of governance is known as a government. Government is described as "a method of social control where the right to create laws and the authority to enforce them is vested in a specific group in society" by the Columbia Encyclopedia.
A government structure is what?The U.S. Constitution grants Congress, the President, and also the Federal courts, respectively, the authority to act as the legislative, executive, or judicial departments of the federal government.
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Answer:
A. The government would prohibit trade with other nations.
Explanation:
Vouching selected items from the payroll register to employee time cards that have been approved by supervisory personnel provides evidence that
A. Internal controls relating to payroll disbursements were operating effectively.
B. Payroll checks were signed by an appropriate officer independent of the payroll preparation process.
C. Only bona fide employees worked and their pay was properly computed.
D. Employees worked the number of hours for which their pay was computed.
Answer:
D. Employees worked the number of hours for which their pay was computed.
Explanation:
The vouching that are chosen for the items from the payroll register to the time cards of the employee the same would be approved by the supervisory, So this represent as a proof that the employees worked for the no of hours and according to that their wages should be determined
Therefore option d is correct
And, the other options would be held wrong
Which of the following would be a consideration for "sell as is or process further" decisions?
A) Revenue generated if sold "as is"
B) Revenue generated if "further processed"
C) Costs involved in further processing
D) All of the above
Death benefit proceeds from a life insurance policy are included in a decedent's gross estate in which of the following circumstances:
The decedent gave the policy to his father four years ago, but retained the right to change the name of the beneficiary.
The policy beneficiary is a grantor trust of the decedent but the policy is owned by a closely-held corporation.
The decedent gave the policy to a charity seven years ago.
The decedent transferred the policy to an irrevocable life insurance trust five years ago with no retained incidents of ownership.
A. 2 and 3.
B. 1 and 2.
C. 3 and 4.
D. 1 and 4.
Answer:
B. 1 and 2.
Explanation:
Life insurance policy can be defined as a contract between a policyholder and an insurer, in which the insurer agrees to pay an amount of money to a specific beneficiary either upon the death of the insured person (decedent) or after a set period of time.
A decedent refers to a deceased person who is no longer able to control his or her properties (wealth).
Generally, insurance companies across the globe charge millions of their customers (insured) premiums every year. This gives them the privilege of having a pool of cash which can be used to cover the cost of losses and destruction to the asset of a small fraction or percentage of its customers.
This simply means that, since insurance companies collect premium from all of their customers for losses which may or may not occur, so they can easily use this cash to compensate or indemnify for losses incurred by those having high risk.
Death benefit proceeds from a life insurance policy are included in a decedent's gross estate in the following circumstances:
I. The decedent gave the policy to his father four years ago, but retained the right to change the name of the beneficiary.
II. The policy beneficiary is a grantor trust of the decedent but the policy is owned by a closely-held corporation.
The investment adviser of the GEMCO Special Situations Fund would find which of the following companies least attractive for the fund's portfolio?
A)
GHI Technologies, whose new microchip devices have caught the attention of the largest manufacturer in the field
B)
JKL Transportation Services, a company preparing to report a profit for the first time in four years
C)
ABC Corporation, whose shareholders have just reelected the current board of directors
D)
DEF Pharmaceuticals, whose application for approval of a new disease-fighting drug will likely be approved by the FDA
The reelection of the current directors of the ABC corporation will least likely be found as an attractive element in the portfolio of the investment adviser of GEMCO Special Situations Fund. Therefore, the option C holds true.
A portfolio which has been created with the specific purpose of making investments in companies having special situations in their operations will not invest in the ABC corporation if they have reelected their current board of directors. This is because, reelection of the directors is not attractive or a special situation, as it takes place during regular intervals.
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A required reserve ratio of 12 percent gives rise to a simple deposit multiplier of Oa. 83.33. O b. 8.33. Ос. 6.67. Od. 12
A required reserve ratio of 12 percent gives rise to simple deposit multiplier of 12.
What is a required reserve ratio?The necessary reserve ratio is the proportion of deposits that banks must hold in reserves in order to comply with Fed regulations. You may calculate the reserve ratio and learn how much of each dollar of deposits must be kept in reserves by dividing the percentage of deposits that must be held in reserves into a fraction. The reserve ratio is a key tool for monetary policy in an economy since it regulates the quantity of money in circulation. The central bank can increase the amount of money in the economy by reducing the reserve ratio. The Federal Reserve mandates that banks and other depository institutions keep a minimum amount of reserves against their liabilities.
Required reserve ratio= 12/1= 12
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A customer has a term loan that is maturing in 3 years in the amount of $100,000. The customer has the cash now, and wants to know the best investment to make for the 3 years until the loan payment is due. The BEST recommendation is to buy:
The BEST recommendation is to buy: Treasury notes maturing in 3 years. A marketable U.S. government debt product having a set interest rate and a term between two and 10 years is known as a Treasury note.
The government will sell you Treasury notes in either a competitive or noncompetitive offer. Investors who place a competitive bid specify the yield they desire, but do so at the risk of their bid not being accepted. Investors who place a noncompetitive bid accept the yield that the auctioneer determines. Treasury notes, which are issued in maturities of two, three, five, seven, and ten years, are well-liked investments and have a sizable secondary market that increases their liquidity. The notes' interest will be paid every six months until it matures. Similar to a Treasury bond or a Treasury bill, the revenue from interest payments is federally taxed rather than being subject to local or state taxes.
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Define Producer Surplus Question One of these demand and supply diagrams holds within it the concept of economic efficiency for lawn mowers. The shaded triangular shape represents producer surplus, which demonstrates that the area between the market price and the segment of the supply curve below the equilibrium. The equilibrium price for lawn mowers is $700 and the equilibrium quantity is! 600 mowers. Choose the correct shaded triangular area that represents the area of producer surplus of lawn mowers. Select the correct answer below: O this shaded area represents producer surplus Supply Demand Price of Lawn Mowers (Hundreds $) Equilibrium (11,7) (11, 1) 10 15 20 Quantity of Lawn Mowers (Hundreds) O this shaded area represents producer surplus O this shaded area represents producer surplus Supply Demand (11, 12,5) Price of Lawn Mowers (Hundreds $) Equilibrium (11,7) 10 152 0 Quantity of Lawn Mowers (Hundreds) O this shaded area represents producer surplus Demand Supply Price of Lawn Mowers (Hundreds $) (10, 11) Equilibrium 10 15 20 Quantity of Lawn Mowers (Hundreds) O this shaded area represents producer surplus Demand Supply Price of Lawn Mowers (Hundreds $) Equilibrium 0 (0,1) 5 10 15 20 Quantity of Lawn Mowers (Hundreds)
This shaded area (11,7)(11,1)&(6,7) represents producer surplus, which demonstrates the area between the market price and the segment of the supply curve below the equilibrium.
What is Producer surplus?The total amount a producer receives from producing a quantity of a good and selling it at the market price is known as producer surplus. The producer surplus is the sum of a producer's total revenue from sales minus the marginal cost of production.
By dividing total revenue by total marginal costs, a producer surplus can be calculated. It can also be determined by dividing the item's revenue by its marginal cost for each item sold. Producer surplus is the difference between total revenue and total variable cost, whereas economic profit is the difference between total revenue and total cost. The marginal cost for each item is the minimum price that can be accepted for each good. The fixed cost of production is the difference between economic profit and producer surplus.
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Parkway Void Co. issued 16-year bonds two years ago at a coupon rate of 8.5 percent. The bonds make semiannual payments. If these bonds currently sell for 109 percent of par value, what is the YTM
The bond's YTM IS 7.5%.
Yield to maturity (YTM) is the overall rate of return that a bond will have earned once all interest payments are made and the principal is repaid. In essence, YTM represents the internal return rate (IRR) on a bond if held until maturity.
The total return rate that a guarantor anticipates will get if a note is held until maturity is known as YTM in the instance of bonds. Yield to Maturity is calculated using the following formula: Yield to Maturity = [Annual Interest + (FV-Price)/Maturity] (FV + Price)/2
When the YTM is more than the dividend yield, it is likely that the property is being sold below par. The bond is being sold at a higher price if, on the other side, the YTM is lower than that of the coupon rate.
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What are the examples of scarcity?
Examples of scarcity include clean water, food, shelter, medicine, and energy resources.
Scarcity is the fundamental economic problem that arises due to finite resources and unlimited wants. Scarcity forces us to make decisions about how to best use our limited resources. Clean water is scarce in many areas due to pollution and over-extraction from aquifers.
There is also global food scarcity due to population growth, drought, and climate change. The shelter is scarce in many areas, leading to homelessness. Medicine is also scarce, leading to many people not having access to the medical care they need. Finally, most energy resources are finite, leading to a scarcity of energy sources.
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Disposal Company operates a hazardous waste storage facility. Concerned that there may be a release of chemicals from the site, the company sells the property to Eager Developers Inc. If there is a release, the seller is most likely a. not liable because the site was sold before the release. b. liable. c. not liable because the company no longer operates the facility. d. not liable because the company was concerned about the release.
Answer:
b. liable.
Explanation:
Since in the question it is mentioned that there might be the release of chemicals from the site and the company sells the property to the eager developers so here if there would be the release so the seller would be liable as the parties who are potential responsible they recommended that the liabilities cant be avoided via ownership transfer
So the option b is correct
Why did the airlines have such a difficult time catching and prosecuting Frank for impersonating a pilot and forging payroll checks
It was difficult to detect and convict someone who was masquerading a pilot and fabricating payroll checks because such behavior was not common at the time.
Without cashing checks at a bank, how did Frank manage to collect money throughout the film?Using magnetic ink, Frank created fake cashier's checks and certified checks from various banks . Then, after forging the names of the bank employees, he presented these checks as payment to numerous parties who had been duped by their appearance.
Why did Abagnale think that being a pilot would help him pay checks more easily?He watched an airline pilot leave a hotel and reasoned that if he were a pilot, lenders would respect them ever more he'd have had an easier way cashing fake cheques. Because a pilot's outfit is so intimidating, no one would challenge me.
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________ refers to a channel stretching from raw materials to components to final products that are carried to final buyers.
The term "supply chain" describes a path that goes from raw materials to components to finished goods that are delivered to customers. A supply chain includes elements such as product development, marketing, operations, distribution, financing, and customer support.
The most basic kind of a supply chain is one that only involves a company, its suppliers, and its customers. A few examples include producers of raw materials, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and retail customers. The physical comparison of a drawn-out, interconnected set of supplier operations that finally leads to the shipping of a finished product was first made public by Keith Oliver of Booz Allen Hamilton.
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to digital flash drives for $150 plus the cost of the drives. The mailbox rule will not apply if Kathryn accepts the offer by
The mailboxbox rule is a rule of contract law that states that acceptance of an offer is effective at the time it is sent, not when it is accepted. This rule will not apply if Kathryn accepts the offer by signing a written contract, as this would be an objective indication that she has accepted the offer.
In other words, if Kathryn signs the written contract, it is clear that she has accepted the offer, and the letterbox rule will not apply. The other party may also demand that Kathryn pay for the flash drives before they are delivered, which would further indicate that Kathryn has accepted the offer. Therefore, the mailbox rule will not apply if Kathryn accepts the offer by signing a written contract or paying for the flash drives.
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What are the bad things about automation?
The negative impact of the automation is there are possibility that workers will become slaves to automated machines. If it is happen, so that the privacy of humans will be invaded by vast computer data networks and will compromise data security.
In this era, Automation generally can be defined as a wide range of technologies that reduce human intervention in processes. The key process of automation is by predetermining decision criteria, related actions, subprocess relationships, as well as embodying those predeterminations in machines. In the other side, automation has a biggest impact through the production process, but in other hand, it is also has a biggest negative impact.
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Effective Change Management, Effective Application Testing, Resilient Architecture and Serviceable Components are part of what management type
Enterprise architecture management includes effective change management, effective application testing, resilient architecture, and serviceable components.
The term "enterprise architecture management" (EAM) refers to a management practice that "establishes, maintains, and uses a coherent set of guidelines, architecture principles, and governance regimes that provide direction and practical help in the design and development of an enterprise's architecture to achieve its vision." A seamless transformation will be made possible by an efficient change management procedure, and you'll be able to guide your workers through the process while doing so. The sad truth is that suspicion-raising employee conduct and ineffective management practises are to blame for roughly 70% of reform initiatives failing.
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Which of the following is an assumption made in the money-creation process? • Banks only lend to borrowers who they know will pay them back. Banks lend out all deposits and hold no reserves. Banks hold all deposits as vault cash. All currency is deposited in a bank. Individuals do not deposit any currency in a bank.
Answer: All the options except the third one are assumptions made in money-creation process.
Explanation:
The following statements are assumptions made in the money-creation process:
Banks only lend to borrowers who they know will pay them back.
Banks lend out all deposits and hold no reserves.
All currency is deposited in a bank.
Individuals do not deposit any currency in a bank.
The statement "Banks hold all deposits as vault cash" is not an assumption made in the money-creation process. In fact, it is generally not true that banks hold all deposits as vault cash. Most banks hold only a small fraction of deposits as cash, and the rest is invested in various assets such as loans, securities, and other investments. This is known as fractional reserve banking, and it allows banks to create new money through the lending process.
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Choose the right words (presented in order) to complete this sentence: Issues relating to business ethics often lead to _______ conflict, where there may simply not be a(n) _______ correct answer. Therefore, it may not just be a case of deciding between right and wrong but often at an individual level it involves deciding between different courses of action that different _______ both believe to be right or wrong.
Issues relating to business ethics often lead to morality conflict, where there may simply not be a(n) objectively correct answer.
Therefore, it may not just be a case of deciding between right and wrong but often at an individual level it involves deciding between different courses of action that different actors both believe to be right or wrong.
Business ethics is the study of appropriate professional conduct when it comes to potentially contentious issues including corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility, fiduciary duties, and much more. The law frequently directs business ethics, however there are events when business ethics offer a basic standard that enterprises should abide by to win the local acceptance.
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What is any proprietary software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder? Multiple Choice closed source open source knowledge system open system
The correct option is A. Closed Source is Any proprietary software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder.
Proprietary software is software program that is deemed in the unfastened and open-source software to be non-unfastened because its writer, writer, or different rightsholder or rightsholder partner physical activities a criminal monopoly afforded through modern-day copyright and intellectual assets regulation to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software program or editing it, and—in some instances.
The case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from using the software on their personal, thereby limiting his or her freedoms. it is frequently contrasted with open-source or loose software. for this reason, it's also referred to as non-loose software program or closed-source software program.
A software dealer delineates the precise terms of use in a stop-consumer license agreement (EULA). The person may comply with this contract in writing, interactively on screen (clickwrap), or with the aid of establishing the box containing the software (cut-back wrap licensing). License agreements are typically not negotiable.
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Communication broke down on multiple levels, and employees failed to question authority. The employee behavior could be attributed to the higher endorsement of ________ in Japan.
The employee behavior could be attributed to the higher endorsement of legality in Japan.
Communication is known to be a process by which information is exchanged between multiple individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior. In our daily life, communication helps us build relationships by allowing us to share our experiences and needs, and helps us connect to others. It's the essence of life, allowing us to express feelings, pass on the information and share thoughts.
Most people think about speech when they think about communication but there are many other ways we can also use to communicate with each other.
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When a lender is required to foreclose on a deed of trust, the lender does not have to go through the courts to foreclose if the deed of trust contains a power of sale clause. This kind of foreclosure is known as
If indeed the deed of trust has a power to sale clause, the lender may foreclose without going through the courts. Non-judicial foreclosure is the term used to describe this sort of foreclosure.
What is involved in a non-judicial foreclosure?A non-judicial foreclosure, commonly referred to as a "foreclosure by power of sale," occurs when the process of foreclosure is carried out without the involvement of a court. A lender may instead sell the lender's property through a non-judicial foreclosure in order to recoup any financial losses, such as skipped mortgage payments.
How may one prevent a non-judicial foreclosure?One must file a lawsuit in a non - judicial foreclosure foreclosure in order to have your day in court. A motion for just a temporary stay (TRO) and judge's order should be filed along with this action in order to enjoin (halt) a foreclosures sale while your arguments are being debated in court.
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Which of the following interest-free loans would result in imputed interest between the parties to the loan when the federal rate is 5%?George borrows $12,000 from his employer, Pelican Fisheries, Inc., to pay education expenses for his daughter, and George has investment income in the same year of $330.Carla lends her friend, Lois, $8,000 to buy a house generator, and Lois has investment income of $2,200 for the year.Hope borrows $120,000 from her father for an addition to her home. Hope has $4,600 in investment income in the same year.Prakash lends his wife, Smita, $50,000 to start a small business from home
Option D is the correct option.
Gift loans cover loans between friends and family, but not between couples. Additionally, loans under $10,000 will not be subject to this rule as long as they are not for assets that generate revenue.
You could decide to lend money to a relative who is beginning a company. It's a good idea to document and arrange any loans you consider giving to family members so that everyone is on the same page. You understand what is best for your family, in any case.
In most situations, a "loan" that the IRS regarded as a gift will not require you to pay taxes. Only when your lifetime donations to all recipients surpass the lifetime gift tax exception do you become liable for gift taxes. That cap is $11.7 million for tax year 2021 (rising to $12.06 million in 2022). That indicates that most individuals are secure.
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Note the correct question would be as bellow,
Which of the following interest-free loans would result in imputed interest between the parties to the loan when the federal rate is 5%?
A)George borrows $12,000 from his employer, Pelican Fisheries, Inc., to pay education expenses for his daughter, and George has investment income in the same year of $330.
B)Carla lends her friend, Lois, $8,000 to buy a house generator, and Lois has investment income of $2,200 for the year.Hope borrows $120,000 from her father for an addition to her home.
C)Hope has $4,600 in investment income in the same year.
D)Prakash lends his wife, Smita, $50,000 to start a small business from home
Within the context of the culture of poverty, which of the following most clearly describes why individuals who are part of this culture become trapped in a downward economic spiral ?
A) Unemployment causes poverty; a lack of willpower and motivation can, in turn, cause unemployment in people who do not have a strong work ethic.
B) Individuals lack the finances to pay rent, so they eventually do not have an address to use in filling out job applications.
C) Characteristics of poverty (joblessness and lack of financial independence) can, in turn, contribute to attributes (feelings of powerlessness and low self-esteem) that sustain poverty.
D) Poverty is passed on from generation to generation; individuals learn at an early age that there is no way to escape living in poverty.
Characteristics of poverty (joblessness and lack of financial independence) can, in turn, contribute to attributes (feelings of powerlessness and low self-esteem) that sustain poverty. Option C is correct.
Poverty in our culture means about not having enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing, and shelter. However, poverty is more, much more than just not having enough money. The World Bank Organization describes poverty that Poverty is hunger along with a lack of shelter.
Poverty leads to no education and unemployment opportunities, which further contributes to income inequality and perpetuates the cyclical effects of poverty. Unmet social needs, environmental factors, and barriers to accessing health care contribute to worse health outcomes for people with lower incomes.
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