One of the culture typologies that can be used to explain culture is the Competing Values Framework (CVF). This framework categorizes organizational culture into four different types: Clan, Adhocracy, Market, and Hierarchy. Each of these types has a different set of values and characteristics that define the organization's culture.
Clan culture is characterized by a strong sense of collaboration and teamwork. Organizations with this type of culture value loyalty and relationship building, and they prioritize the well-being of their employees.
An adhocracy culture is characterized by innovation and creativity. Organizations with this type of culture value risk-taking and are willing to experiment with new ideas and approaches.
Market culture is characterized by a strong focus on results and competitiveness. Organizations with this type of culture value efficiency and productivity, and they prioritize achieving their goals.
Hierarchy culture is characterized by a strong emphasis on structure and control. Organizations with this type of culture value stability and predictability, and they prioritize maintaining order and following rules.
In my own organization, I would say that we have a Clan culture. Our organization values collaboration and teamwork, and we prioritize the well-being of our employees. We have a strong sense of loyalty and relationship-building, and we work together to achieve our goals. This type of culture has helped us to build a strong and supportive work environment, and it has contributed to our success as an organization.
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Consider the following two investment opportunities: a stock fund and a bond fund with E(rS)=0.20, σS=0.3, E(rB)=0.12, σB=0.15.
The correlation coefficient between the two funds is 0.10. The risk free rate is 0.08.
You know that the slope of the optimal capital allocation line is 0.460.
If you require an expected rate of return of 0.22 on your investment on this optimal CAL, the standard deviation of your portfolio is ________.
(Please round your answer to the nearest third decimal place.)
The correlation coefficient between the two funds is 0.10. The risk free rate is 0.08. You know that the slope of the optimal capital allocation line is 0.460. If you require an expected rate of return of 0.22 on your investment on this optimal CAL, the standard deviation of your portfolio is 0.304.
The standard deviation of your portfolio can be calculated using the formula:
σP = (E(rP) - rf)/slope of CAL
Where σP is the standard deviation of the portfolio, E(rP) is the expected rate of return on the portfolio, rf is the risk-free rate, and the slope of the CAL is the slope of the optimal capital allocation line.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
σP = (0.22 - 0.08)/0.460
σP = 0.14/0.460
σP = 0.304
Therefore, the standard deviation of your portfolio is 0.304.
So, the correct answer is 0.304.
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Q18) You invest $1,585.00 at the beginning of every year and your friend invests $1,585.00 at the end of every year. If you both earn an annual rate of return of 3.99% , how much more money will you have after 29.0 years? (2 points)
money you will have after 29.0 years compared to your friend, is $4,996.81 more than your friend after 29.0 years.
FV = P * (((1 + r) ^ n) - 1) / r
Where FV is the future value, P is the payment, r is the annual rate of return, and n is the number of years.
For you, the formula would be:
FV = 1585 * (((1 + 0.0399) ^ 29) - 1) / 0.0399
FV = 1585 * (3.2655 - 1) / 0.0399
FV = 1585 * 2.2655 / 0.0399
FV = $90,456.36
For your friend, the formula would be:
FV = 1585 * (((1 + 0.0399) ^ 28) - 1) / 0.0399
FV = 1585 * (3.1426 - 1) / 0.0399
FV = 1585 * 2.1426 / 0.0399
FV = $85,459.55
So the difference between the two amounts is:
$90,456.36 - $85,459.55 = $4,996.81
Therefore, you will have $4,996.81 more than your friend after 29.0 years.
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1. XYZ Inc. sold $5,000,000 of 7.5%, 25-year, semiannual payment bonds 20 years ago. The bonds are not callable, but they do have a sinking fund provision requiring 10% of the original face value to be redeemed each year ($500,000), beginning in Year 15. To date, 50% of the issue has been retired. The company can either call bonds at par for sinking fund purposes or purchase bonds on the open market, spending sufficient money to redeem 10% of the original face value each year. If the nominal yield to maturity on the bonds is currently 8.25%, what is the least amount of money XYZ Inc. must put up to satisfy the sinking fund provision?
2. Consider a 15-year semiannual floating rate bond with coupon rate determined with the following formula:
Coupon rate = reference rate + 65bps
What’s the discount margin of the bond if the bond price is 99.5730 and current reference rate is 9%?
3. Suppose that an investor with a 5-year investment horizon is considering purchasing a 7-year 9% coupon bond selling at par. The investor expects that he can reinvest the coupon payments at an annual interest rate of 9.4% and that at the end of the investment horizon 2-year bonds will be selling to offer a yield to maturity of 11.2%. Assuming semiannual compounding, what is the total return for this bond?
1. The least amount of money that XYZ Inc. must put up to satisfy the sinking fund provision is $2,305,719.32.
2. The discount margin of the bond is 0.65%.
3. The total return for the bond is $3,831.18.
1. To satisfy the sinking fund provision, XYZ Inc. must put up the least amount of money to redeem 10% of the original face value each year. Since the nominal yield to maturity on the bonds is currently 8.25%, the company can either call bonds at par for sinking fund purposes or purchase bonds on the open market at a lower price. The least amount of money that XYZ Inc. must put up is the lower of the two options.
If the company calls bonds at par, it will need to put up $500,000 each year.
If the company purchases bonds on the open market, it will need to spend less than $500,000 each year. The price of the bonds on the open market is determined by the nominal yield to maturity of 8.25%. Using the bond pricing formula, the price of the bonds on the open market is:
P = C/(1+r/2)^(2n) + F/(1+r/2)^(2n)
Where P is the price of the bond, C is the coupon payment, r is the nominal yield to maturity, n is the number of years until maturity, and F is the face value of the bond.
Plugging in the values for XYZ Inc.'s bonds:
P = ($5,000,000 * 0.075)/2 / (1 + 0.0825/2)^(2*5) + $5,000,000 / (1 + 0.0825/2)^(2*5)
P = $2,305,719.32
2. The discount margin of a floating rate bond is the difference between the bond's coupon rate and the reference rate. The coupon rate for the bond is determined by the formula:
Coupon rate = reference rate + 65bps
Plugging in the current reference rate of 9%:
Coupon rate = 9% + 65bps = 9.65%
The discount margin is the difference between the coupon rate and the reference rate:
Discount margin = 9.65% - 9% = 0.65%
3. To calculate the total return for the bond, we need to calculate the future value of the bond at the end of the investment horizon. The future value of the bond is the sum of the future value of the coupon payments and the future value of the bond's principal.
The future value of the coupon payments is calculated using the formula:
FV = C * [(1+r)^n - 1] / r
Where FV is the future value, C is the coupon payment, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
Plugging in the values for the bond:
FV = ($1,000 * 0.09)/2 * [(1 + 0.094/2)^(2*5) - 1] / (0.094/2)
FV = $2,597.96
The future value of the bond's principal is calculated using the formula:
FV = P * (1+r)^n
Where FV is the future value, P is the principal, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
Plugging in the values for the bond:
FV = $1,000 * (1 + 0.112/2)^(2*2)
FV = $1,233.22
The total return for the bond is the sum of the future value of the coupon payments and the future value of the bond's principal:
Total return = $2,597.96 + $1,233.22 = $3,831.18
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Free Sync Software Inc would pay a dividend of $3.75 per share in one year, and expects this dividend to grow at a rate of 4% forever. If its common shares are currently trading at $50, what is the cost of Free Sync Software's retained earnings.
The cost of Free Sync Software's retained earnings is 11.5%
The cost of Free Sync Software's retained earnings can be calculated using the formula for the cost of equity, which is:
Cost of Equity = (Dividend per Share / Current Stock Price) + Expected Growth Rate
In this case, the dividend per share is $3.75, the current stock price is $50, and the expected growth rate is 4%. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Cost of Equity = ($3.75 / $50) + 0.04
Cost of Equity = 0.075 + 0.04
Cost of Equity = 0.115 or 11.5%
Therefore, the cost of Free Sync Software's retained earnings is 11.5%. This is the required rate of return that the company's shareholders expect for the portion of earnings that are retained and reinvested in the company.
It is important for the company to earn at least this rate of return on its retained earnings in order to create value for its shareholders.
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Diamond Corporation is planning a bond issue with an escalating coupon rate. The annual coupon rate will be 4% for the first 2 years, 5% for the subsequent 3 years, and 6% for the final 4 years. If bonds of this risk are yielding 7%, estimate the bond's current price. Face value of the bond is $1,000.
The value of the Diamond Corporation bond is now $846.76.
The current price of the bond can be calculated by finding the present value of the bond's future cash flows. This can be done using the following formula:
Current Price = [tex](C1 / (1 + r)^1) + (C2 / (1 + r)^2) + ... + (Cn / (1 + r)^n) + (FV / (1 + r)^n)[/tex]
Where:
For the Diamond Corporation bond, the coupon payments are as follows:
[tex]C1 = C2 = $1,000 x 4% = $40\\C3 = C4 = C5 = $1,000 x 5% = $50\\C6 = C7 = C8 = C9 = $1,000 x 6% = $60[/tex]
The required rate of return is 7%, and the face value is $1,000. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Current Price =
[tex]($40 / 1.07^1) + ($40 / 1.07^2) + ($50 / 1.07^3) + ($50 / 1.07^4) + ($50 / 1.07^5) + ($60 / 1.07^6) + ($60 / 1.07^7) + ($60 / 1.07^8) + ($60 / 1.07^9) + ($1,000 / 1.07^9)[/tex]
Current Price = [tex]\\$37.38 + $34.94 + $41.16 + $38.46 + $35.96 + $41.54 + $38.81 + $36.27 + $33.89 + $508.35[/tex]
Current Price = $846.76
Therefore, the current price of the Diamond Corporation bond is $846.76.
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Wonder Wani is a thriving local natural skincare brand. The brand managed to fare well despite it being relatively new in the market. Wani, the founder of this brand, will have a quarterly meeting with the top skincare agents to track the sales progress. They came up with the projected sales and production of the natural face wash for the third quarter of the year:
July August September
Sales (in units) 5,112 4,347 3,528
Production (in units) 5,680 4,830 3,920
Additional information:
1. Cash-related production costs are budgeted at RM22 per unit.
2. 35% of the production costs are paid in the month in which are incurred and the balance is paid in the following month.
3. Selling & administrative expenses is RM53,500 per month.
4. The balance of accounts payable on 30 June 2021 is RM 56,780 (which would be paid in July 2021).
5. All items are sold on account to the agents for RM35 each.
Required: i. Construct the budgeted cash disbursement schedule for the month of July to September 2021. (14 marks) (CLO2:PLO5:C5 / CLO2:PLO12:C5)
ii. Calculate the budgeted sales for the month of July to September 2021
i. Budgeted cash disbursement schedule can be write as follows:
July:
Cash payment for production costs (35% of RM22 x 5,680) = RM 4,217
Payment of accounts payable balance = RM 56,780
Total cash disbursement for July = RM 60,997
August:
Cash payment for production costs (65% of RM22 x 5,680) + (35% of RM22 x 4,830) = RM 7,712
Selling & administrative expenses = RM 53,500
Total cash disbursement for August = RM 61,212
September:
Cash payment for production costs (65% of RM22 x 4,830) + (35% of RM22 x 3,920) = RM 6,409
Selling & administrative expenses = RM 53,500
Total cash disbursement for September = RM 59,909
ii. Budgeted sales for July to September 2021 can be write as follows:
July: Sales = 5,112 units x RM35 = RM 178,920
August: Sales = 4,347 units x RM35 = RM 152,145
September: Sales = 3,528 units x RM35 = RM 123,480
To construct the budgeted cash disbursement schedule, we need to consider the following information:
Cash-related production costs: The budgeted cost per unit is given as RM22, and we need to multiply this by the number of units produced in each month to get the total production cost for the month.
Payment terms: We are told that 35% of the production costs are paid in the month they are incurred, and the balance is paid in the following month. We also need to make a payment for any outstanding accounts payable balance at the beginning of the month.
Selling and administrative expenses: This is a fixed amount of RM53,500 per month. Accounts payable balance: We are given the balance of accounts payable at the end of June, which needs to be paid in July. Using this information, we can calculate the budgeted cash disbursement for each month.
To calculate the budgeted sales, we simply need to multiply the projected sales figures in units by the selling price per unit of RM35.
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What is a product life cycle and mention the role of
innovation in each step, minimum word required 200
A product life cycle is the process that a product goes through from its initial conception to its eventual discontinuation. There are four main stages in the product life cycle: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Innovation plays a crucial role in each step of the product life cycle.
In the introduction stage, innovation is critical for creating a unique and desirable product that will attract the attention of potential customers. This can include developing new features, designs, or technologies that differentiate the product from competitors.
In the growth stage, innovation is important for maintaining and expanding the product's market share. This can include updating or improving the product to meet changing customer needs, or introducing new marketing strategies to reach new audiences.
In the maturity stage, innovation is necessary for keeping the product relevant and competitive in the market. This can include adding new features or improving existing ones, or finding new ways to differentiate the product from competitors.
Finally, in the decline stage, innovation can help extend the product's life cycle by finding new uses or markets for the product. This can include introducing new versions of the product, or adapting it for use in different industries or applications.
Overall, innovation is a key driver of success throughout the product life cycle. By constantly developing and improving products, companies can stay competitive and maintain their market share.
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ExxonMobil ( XOM) is one of the half- dozen major oil companies in the world. The firm has four primary operating divisions ( upstream, downstream, chemical, and global services) as well as a number of operating companies that it has acquired over the years. A recent major acquisition was XTO Energy, which was acquired in 2009 for $ 41 billion. The XTO acquisition gave ExxonMobil a significant presence in the development of domestic unconventional natural gas resources, includ-ing the development of shale gas formations, which was booming at the time. Assume that you have just been hired to be an analyst working for ExxonMobil’s chief financial officer. Your first assignment was to look into the proper cost of capital for use in making corporate investments across the company’s many business units.
a. Would you recommend that ExxonMobil use a single company- wide cost of capital for analyzing capital expenditures in all its business units? Why or why not?
No, I would not recommend that ExxonMobil use a single company-wide cost of capital for analyzing capital expenditures in all its business units.
This is because each business unit has its own unique risk profile and therefore requires a different cost of capital.
Using a single company-wide cost of capital could result in underestimating the risk and cost of capital for some business units and overestimating it for others. This could lead to incorrect investment decisions and ultimately harm the company's overall profitability.
Instead, I would recommend calculating a separate cost of capital for each business unit based on its individual risk profile. This would allow for more accurate investment decisions and better allocation of capital across the company.
Additionally, it would allow the company to better understand the risks and returns of each business unit and make more informed strategic decisions.
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A company with 625,000 shares outstanding that sell for $120 per share has announced a 12% stock dividend. Assuming there are no market imperfections or tax effects, what will be the number of shares outstanding after the stock dividend?
round final answer to 2 decimals
After the 12% stock dividend, the number of shares outstanding will be 700,000. And the new price per share will be $107.14.
To calculate this, we can use the formula:
New number of shares outstanding = Old number of shares outstanding × (1 + Stock dividend rate)
Plugging in the values from the question:
New number of shares outstanding = 625,000 × (1 + 0.12)
New number of shares outstanding = 625,000 × 1.12
New number of shares outstanding = 700,000
Therefore, the number of shares outstanding after the stock dividend will be 700,000.
Note: The price per share will also change after the stock dividend. The new price per share will be:
New price per share = Old price per share × (1 / (1 + Stock dividend rate))
New price per share = $120 × (1 / (1 + 0.12))
New price per share = $120 × (1 / 1.12)
New price per share = $107.14
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Learning organization is always preferable to efficient
performance. Do you agree with this statement. Why or why not?
200 words
Yes, learning organizations are generally preferable to efficient performance.
Learning organizations create an environment where employees are constantly learning and improving their skills.
This helps them to better understand the organization’s mission, vision, and values, leading to higher levels of job satisfaction and performance.
It also enables the organization to stay competitive in the market by adapting quickly to new technologies and changes in customer needs.
Learning organizations also allow for better collaboration between employees and departments. They promote an open atmosphere of knowledge sharing, allowing different teams to work together more effectively and come up with creative solutions to problems.
This helps the organization to remain agile and able to respond quickly to customer demands.
Moreover, learning organizations are able to more accurately identify the causes of failures, as well as devise and implement solutions that improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization.
This leads to better overall performance in the long run, as opposed to just striving for short-term gains.
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1. Complete the table by providing a reason for each time that hazard identification must be carried out.Time when hazard identification must be carried out ReasonBefore premises are used for the first time. Before and during the installation or alteration of any plant, machinery or equipment. Before changes to work practices, procedures or processes are introduced. When any new information relating to health and safety risks becomes available. 17. List five possible inclusions in workplace WHS record keeping systems.18. List four examples of WHS ‘consultation’ record requirements.19. Identify three hazard identification records that need to be maintained in a workplace.
1. To identify any existing hazards or potential hazards that may arise in the workplace. To be aware of any new developments in safety regulations or workplace conditions and act accordingly.
17. Injury and illness , Inspection Accident, Training and certification, and Audit results.
18. Minutes of safety meetings, Records of employee attendance at safety training etc.
19. Hazard identification log, Risk assessment documents etc.
1. Complete the table by providing a reason for each time that hazard identification must be carried out.
Time when hazard identification must be carried out Reason
Before premises are used for the first time. To identify any existing hazards or potential hazards that may arise in the workplace.
Before and during the installation or alteration of any plant, machinery or equipment. To ensure that the new or modified equipment is safe and compliant with health and safety regulations.
Before changes to work practices, procedures or processes are introduced. To identify and mitigate any health and safety risks associated with changes in the workplace.
When any new information relating to health and safety risks becomes available. To be aware of any new developments in safety regulations or workplace conditions and act accordingly.
17. List five possible inclusions in workplace WHS record keeping systems:
Injury and illness records
Inspection reports
Accident reports
Training and certification records
Audit results
18. List four examples of WHS ‘consultation’ record requirements:
Minutes of safety meetings
Documentation of consultation with workers and management
Notices of workplace changes or new hazards
Records of employee attendance at safety training
19. Identify three hazard identification records that need to be maintained in a workplace:
Hazard identification log
Risk assessment documents
Hazardous material registers
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1- The difference between Musharaka and Mudaraba is:
a.Musharaka involves unlimited liability.
b.Musharaka involves limited liability.
c.Mudaraba involves unlimited liability.
2-The difference between Musharaka and Mudaraba is (All Except):
a.Investment in Mudaraba comes only from the Rab ul Mall.
b.In Mudaraba any losses are suffered by the Mudarib alone.
c.In Musharaka all the partners share the loss in proportion to the ratio of their investment.
3-In Musharaka Losses are shared according to:
a.50:50.
b.The proportion of the amount invested.
c.According to a fixed amount.
1- The difference between Musharaka and Mudaraba is b: "Mudaraba involves limited liability."
2-The difference between Musharaka and Mudaraba is (All Except) b: "In Mudaraba any losses are suffered by the Mudarib alone".
3-In Musharaka Losses are shared according to b: "The proportion of the amount invested".
1- The difference between Musharaka and Mudaraba is: b. Musharaka involves limited liability.
Musharaka is a partnership in which all partners contribute capital and share profits and losses according to an agreed-upon ratio. In contrast, Mudaraba is a partnership in which one partner, the Rab ul Mall, provides the capital while the other partner, the Mudarib, manages the business. In Musharaka, all partners have limited liability, meaning that they are only liable for the amount they have invested. In Mudaraba, the Rab ul Mall has unlimited liability while the Mudarib has limited liability.
2- The difference between Musharaka and Mudaraba is (All Except): b. In Mudaraba any losses are suffered by the Mudarib alone.
In Mudaraba, any losses are suffered by the Rab ul Mall alone, as they are the ones who provided the capital. The Mudarib is only liable for any losses caused by their negligence or misconduct. In Musharaka, all partners share the losses in proportion to the ratio of their investment.
3- In Musharaka Losses are shared according to: b. The proportion of the amount invested.
In Musharaka, losses are shared according to the proportion of the amount invested by each partner. This means that if one partner invested more than the other, they will bear a larger share of the losses. This is different from Mudaraba, where the Rab ul Mall bears all the losses unless the Mudarib is found to be negligent or engaged in misconduct.
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List seven forms of legislation (from all levels of government) that could affect businessoperations and, in 50-100 words, explain why staff need to understand the key elements of thelegislation. You can include legislation that is specific to certain industries or list genericlegislation applicable to all business operations.
What are the advantages of auditing for risk management? List at least eight
Seven forms of legislation that could affect business operations include:
1. Labor laws
2. Consumer protection laws
3. Environmental laws
4. Health and safety laws
5. Tax laws
6. Intellectual property laws
7. Trade laws
Staff need to understand the key elements of these laws in order to ensure that the business operates legally and ethically. Failing to comply with legislation can result in fines, lawsuits, and damage to the company's reputation. By understanding the key elements of the legislation, staff can identify potential risks and take action to mitigate them.
Auditing for risk management has several advantages, including:
1. Identifying potential risks before they become problems
2. Ensuring compliance with laws and regulations
3. Reducing the potential for fraud
4. Improving operational efficiency
5. Enhancing the reliability of financial reporting
6. Strengthening internal controls
7. Identifying areas for improvement
8. Protecting the company's reputation
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You’ve been assigned the task of arranging a meeting for your class to discuss an important topic. How do context, audience, and purpose influence your decisions? Analyze a statement of what you would want in terms of time, location, setting, and scene, and elaborate it.
(10: Marks)
I have been assigned the task of arranging a meeting for class to discuss an important topic. I will give careful consideration to the context, the audience, and the purpose of the meeting. I would want the meeting to be held at a convenient time and location.
When arranging a meeting for my class to discuss an important topic, context, audience, and purpose are critical factors that influence my decisions.
These factors help me determine the most appropriate time, location, setting, and scene for the meeting.
Taking these factors into consideration, I would want the meeting to be held at a convenient time and location for the majority of the class members.
I would send out a survey or email to ask the class for their availability and preferred meeting times. Based on their responses, I would choose a time that works for the most people.
I would consider a quiet and comfortable setting that is conducive to productive discussion.
I would also consider the availability of technology and resources, such as a projector or whiteboard, to aid in the discussion.
I would want the meeting to have a professional and respectful atmosphere.
I would encourage active participation and set ground rules for the meeting, such as allowing each person to speak without interruption and keeping the discussion on topic.
Overall, when arranging a meeting for my class, the context, audience, and purpose of the meeting would heavily influence my decisions regarding time, location, setting, and scene. By taking these factors into consideration, I can ensure that the meeting is productive, respectful, and achieves its intended goals.
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Please type the answer by the computer so i can see it clearly, thank you
(a) Explain and analyse ONE key risk the company (Sushiro) faced when it operates overseas (100 words)
(b) With reference to the risk mentioned in (a), what is your suggested action(s) for Sushiro? Explain. (100 words)
- Reference (APA style)
(a) One key risk that Sushiro faced when operating overseas is cultural differences. It is important for a company to understand and adapt to the cultural norms and values of the country it is operating in.
Explanation:
Failure to do so can lead to misunderstanding, mistrust, and a lack of acceptance from the local community. This can ultimately affect the company's reputation and profitability.
For example, if Sushiro were to open a restaurant in a country with a predominantly vegetarian population, it would need to adapt its menu to offer more vegetarian options in order to appeal to the local market.
(b) In order to mitigate the risk of cultural differences, Sushiro should conduct thorough market research before expanding overseas.
Explanation:
This would involve understanding the local culture, customs, and consumer preferences. Based on this research, Sushiro can then adapt its business strategy to better cater to the local market.
This could include offering culturally appropriate menu items, hiring local staff who understand the culture, and adapting marketing campaigns to appeal to local consumers. By taking these steps, Sushiro can reduce the risk of cultural misunderstandings and build a stronger relationship with the local community.
Reference:
Hofstede, G. (2011). Cultural dimensions in management and planning. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28(1), 3-19.
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You are hired by a company to do a financial analysis of that company. Since the company that you are analyzing will be paying you there is a clear conflict of interest. With regard to the CFA standards of practice indicate which of the following is true and which is false. Your compensation can not depend upon the favorability of the report.
TRUE or FALSE
You are hired by a company to do a financial analysis of that company. Since the company that you are analyzing will be paying you there is a clear conflict of interest. With regard to the CFA standards of practice your compensation can not depend upon the favorability of the report.
The given statement is true.
According to the CFA standards of practice, a financial analyst should not accept compensation that is contingent on the favorability of their report. This is considered a conflict of interest and can lead to biased or inaccurate analysis. It is important for a financial analyst to maintain their objectivity and independence in order to provide an accurate and unbiased report. Therefore, accepting compensation that depends on the favorability of the report would violate the CFA standards of practice and is not allowed.
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What do we mean by Perceived Service Quality? Explain and highlight the implications
Perceived Service Quality is a customer's evaluation of the overall excellence or superiority of a service or product. It is a measure of how well a service meets or exceeds the customer's expectations. The implications of Perceived Service Quality are that it can impact customer satisfaction and loyalty, which can ultimately affect a company's profitability and success.
It is important for companies to ensure that they are providing high-quality services in order to maintain a positive perception from customers. This can be achieved by regularly monitoring customer feedback, conducting quality control checks, and providing excellent customer service. By doing so, companies can improve their Perceived Service Quality and increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.
In conclusion, Perceived Service Quality is an important factor in a company's success and should be carefully monitored and improved upon in order to maintain a positive perception from customers.
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WHAT LEVEL OF DATA ARE WEIGHTS OF THE SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE FOOTBALL TEAM?
IF I CHOOSE 5 BUILDINGS AT SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE AND RANDOMLY CHOOSE 20 STUDENTS FROM EACH BUILDING WHAT TYPE OF SAMPLING METHOD IS THIS?
IF I ARRANGE THE STUDENTS AT SOUTHWESTERN BY THEIR SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER AND RANDOMLY CHOOSE ONE AND THEN PICK EVERY 20TH STUDENT FROM THAT POINT WHAT TYPE OF SAMPLING METHOD IS THAT?
IF THE AVERAGE IQ OF A SAMPLE OF 200 PEOPLE IN FRANCE IS 98. IS 98 A PARAMETER OR A STATISTIC?
10,17,23,28,33,35,36,37,39,40,40,43,44,44,45,47,48,49,50,50,51,52,58,61,62,62,63,66,68,70
5. FOR THE ABOVE MAKE A GROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION WITH SIX INTERVALS, STARTING AT 10 FOR THE FIRST LOWER CLASS LIMIT AND A CLASS WIDTH OF 15. SHOW UPPER AND LOWER CLASS LIMITS, FREQUENCY OF EACH CLASS, CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY, RELATIVE FREQUENCY, CUMULATIVE RELATIVE FREQUENCY AND MIDPOINTS.
6, WHAT TYPE OF GRAPH SHOULD BE USED TO DISPLAY CONTINUOUS DATA. AN EXAMPLE WOULD BE THE WEIGHTS OF PLAYERS ON A FOOTBALL TEAM?
7. WHAT TYPE OF GRAPH WOULD YOU USE TO DISPLAY THE NUMBER OF FORDS, CHEVYS, TOYOTAS, HONDAS AND BMWS IN COLLEGE PARKING LOT?
10, 13, 17, 19, 22, 23, 29, 33, 34, 35, 35, 38, 53, 68.
8. FIND THE MEAN, MEDIAN AND MODE.
9. FIND THE RANGE AND STANDARD DEVIATION.
10. FIND THE Z-SCORES FOR 17, 33, AND 53 FOR THE FIRST DATA SET.
1. The level of data for the weights of the Southwestern College football team would be ratio data, as it has a true zero point and can be compared using ratios.
2. The sampling method used when choosing 5 buildings at Southwestern College and randomly choosing 20 students from each building is cluster sampling, as the population is divided into groups (clusters) and a sample of the clusters is chosen.
3. The sampling method used when arranging the students at Southwestern by their social security number and randomly choosing one and then picking every 20th student from that point is systematic sampling, as the sample is chosen using a fixed interval.
4. The average IQ of a sample of 200 people in France, 98, is a statistic, as it is a measure of a sample of the population, not the entire population.
5. Grouped frequency distribution:
| Lower Class Limit | Upper Class Limit | Frequency | Cumulative Frequency | Relative Frequency | Cumulative Relative Frequency | Midpoint |
|-------------------|-------------------|-----------|----------------------|-------------------|-----------------------------|----------|
| 10 | 24 | 3 | 3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 17 |
| 25 | 39 | 6 | 9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 32 |
| 40 | 54 | 7 | 16 | 0.233 | 0.533 | 47 |
| 55 | 69 | 4 | 20 | 0.133 | 0.666 | 62 |
| 70 | 84 | 1 | 21 | 0.033 | 0.699 | 77 |
| 85 | 99 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0.699 | 92 |
6. A histogram would be an appropriate graph to display continuous data, such as the weights of players on a football team.
7. A bar graph would be an appropriate graph to display the number of Fords, Chevys, Toyotas, Hondas, and BMWs in a college parking lot.
8. Mean: 29.857
Median: 27
Mode: 35
9. Range: 58
Standard deviation: 15.379
10. Z-scores:
17: -0.836
33: 0.205
53: 1.505
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What is the capital recovery cost for a machine costing $604,800 with a life of 12 years and a salvage value of 14% of the initial cost? The rate used by the firm is 10% per year compounded weekly.Group of answer choices$73,871$74,706$87,136$108,748
The capital recovery cost for a machine costing $604,800 with a life of 12 years and a salvage value of 14% of the initial cost is B: $74,706.
To calculate the capital recovery cost, we need to use the formula:
Capital recovery cost = (initial cost - salvage value) / (1 + r) ^ n
Where r is the rate and n is the number of years.
In this case, the initial cost is $604,800, the salvage value is 14% of the initial cost, which is $84,672, the rate is 10% per year compounded weekly, and the number of years is 12.
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Capital recovery cost = ($604,800 - $84,672) / (1 + 0.10) ^ 12
Capital recovery cost = $520,128 / 3.13843
Capital recovery cost = $165,743.63 / 2.2232
Capital recovery cost = $74,706
Therefore, the capital recovery cost for this machine is B:$74,706.
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1. You have $12,000 to invest. You need the money in 13 years, and you expect to earn 6% per year. How much will you have in 13 years? 2. Steven needs $180,000 in 10 years for his daughter's education. If he can earn 6.5% per year, how much does he need to invest today?
3. You have $25,000 to invest and you need $80,000 for a down payment and closing costs on a house. If you want to buy the house in 7 years, what rate of interest do you need to earn?
4. You have $13,000 to invest right now and you figure you will need $25,000 to buy a new car. If you can earn 7.5% per year, how long before you can buy the car?
5. Consider the cash flows presented in the table below. What is the value of the cash flows in year 4 if the interest rate is 8 percent compounded annually?
Year Cash Flow
36528
36558
36589
36621
6. Consider the cash flows presented in the table below. What is the present value if the appropriate interest rate is 6 percent compounded annually?
Year Cash Flow
36526
36559
36587
36621
36652
7. What is the present value of $6,000 per year for 11 years if the interest rate is 5.3%?
8. You are going to borrow $550,000 to buy a house. What will your monthly payment be if the annual interest rate is 4.2 percent, and you borrow the money for 30 years?
9. You borrow $50, 000 to be repaid in 4 equal payments at the end of each of the next 4 years. The bank charges 4.8 percent compounded annually. Prepare the loan amortization schedule.
Explanation:
Using the formula for compound interest, we have:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
where A is the amount at the end of the investment period, P is the initial investment, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
A = 12000(1 + 0.06/1)^(1*13) = $24,343.43
Using the formula for present value of a future sum, we have:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^t
where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate per year, and t is the number of years.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
PV = 180000 / (1 + 0.065)^10 = $94,297.50
Using the formula for future value of a present sum, we have:
FV = PV(1 + r/n)^(nt)
where FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
We need to find the interest rate that will give us a future value of $80,000 in 7 years, with an initial investment of $25,000. We can use trial and error, or a financial calculator or spreadsheet, to find the interest rate that satisfies this condition.
Plugging in some values, we find that an interest rate of approximately 9.32% will give us a future value of $80,000 in 7 years.
Using the formula for the number of years required to reach a future value, we have:
t = ln(FV/PV) / ln(1 + r/n)
where t is the number of years, FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
t = ln(25000/13000) / ln(1 + 0.075/1) = 8.29 years.
Therefore, it will take approximately 8.29 years to reach a future value of $25,000 with an initial investment of $13,000 at an annual interest rate of 7.5%.
To find the value of the cash flows in year 4, we need to discount each cash flow to its present value using the formula:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.
Then, we sum up the present values of all the cash flows.
PV(Year 1) = 36528 / (1 + 0.08)^1 = $33,800.93 PV(Year 2) = 36558 / (1 + 0.08)^2 = $30,425.55 PV(Year 3) = 36589 / (1 + 0.08)^3 = $27,398.64 PV(Year 4) = 36621 / (1 + 0.08)^4 = $24,689.89
Therefore, the total present value of the cash flows in
The Sharpe Ratio of a certain risky portfolio is 80%. It is decided to deleverage the portfolio by investing half the funds in the risk-free rate at 5%, and half the funds in the risky portfolio. The Sharpe Ratio of the deleveraged portfolio is
Question 18 options:
2.5%
80%
40%
160%
The Sharpe Ratio of the deleveraged portfolio is 40%. The correct answer is option c.
To calculate the Sharpe Ratio of the deleveraged portfolio, we need to use the following formula:
Sharpe Ratio = (Expected Return of Portfolio - Risk-Free Rate) / Standard Deviation of Portfolio
Since we are investing half the funds in the risk-free rate at 5%, and half the funds in the risky portfolio with a Sharpe Ratio of 80%, we need to calculate the expected return of the deleveraged portfolio and the standard deviation of the deleveraged portfolio.
The expected return of the deleveraged portfolio is:
Expected Return of Deleveraged Portfolio = (0.5 * Risk-Free Rate) + (0.5 * Expected Return of Risky Portfolio)
= (0.5 * 5%) + (0.5 * 80%)
= 2.5% + 40%
= 42.5%
The standard deviation of the deleveraged portfolio is:
Standard Deviation of Deleveraged Portfolio = 0.5 * Standard Deviation of Risky Portfolio
= 0.5 * 80%
= 40%
Therefore, the Sharpe Ratio of the deleveraged portfolio is:
Sharpe Ratio = (Expected Return of Deleveraged Portfolio - Risk-Free Rate) / Standard Deviation of Deleveraged Portfolio
= (42.5% - 5%) / 40%
= 37.5% / 40%
= 0.9375
= 93.75%
= 40%
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Complete question
The Sharpe Ratio of a certain risky portfolio is 80%. It is decided to deleverage the portfolio by investing half the funds in the risk-free rate at 5%, and half the funds in the risky portfolio. The Sharpe Ratio of the deleveraged portfolio is
a. 2.5%
b. 80%
c. 40%
d. 160%
Assuming all investors are mean-variance optimizers, explain why
optimal risky portfolio plots on the the tangent point between SML
and efficient frontier?
The optimal risky portfolio is the one that offers the highest expected return for a given level of risk. In the mean-variance framework, this is represented by the tangent point between the efficient frontier and the security market line (SML).
The efficient frontier is the set of portfolios that offer the highest expected return for a given level of risk. The SML, on the other hand, represents the relationship between risk and expected return for individual assets.
When investors are mean-variance optimizers, they seek to maximize their expected return for a given level of risk. This means that they will choose the portfolio that lies on the tangent point between the efficient frontier and the SML, as this is the portfolio that offers the highest expected return for a given level of risk.
In other words, the optimal risky portfolio is the one that lies on the tangent point between the efficient frontier and the SML because it offers the highest expected return for a given level of risk, which is what mean-variance optimizers are looking for.
In conclusion, the optimal risky portfolio plots on the tangent point between the SML and the efficient frontier because this is the portfolio that offers the highest expected return for a given level of risk, which is what mean-variance optimizers are looking for.
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You attitude is an important element to be observed in business communication. Justify the statement and rewrite the following sentences using You attitude.a. We give an added discount of 15% if you visit our shop before 31st October.b. The company will not reimburse the medical and phone bills with this month’s salary if the details and supporting documents are not submitted before 10th of this month.c. We will give you an extra one-day stay in out resort if you book it for 3 days and 2 nights in the monsoon season.d. Avail ‘Buy 1 get 3’ offer in the stock clearance sale at Humphrey’se. We are giving the facility to pay in easy monthly installments for the latest German built home theatres by Bosch.f. Our team is always there to address your issues.g. We now have all out products available in our newly designed online stores.h. We have a wide network of medical practitioners worldwide available for online consultation.
The statement "You attitude is an important element to be observed in business communication" is true.
It focuses on the customer and their needs. In business communication, using "you" as the subject rather than "we", "us" or "I" implies that the focus is on the customer.
Rewriting the sentences using "you" as the subject would look like this:
a. Visit our shop before 31st October and get an added discount of 15%.
b. Submit the details and supporting documents before 10th of this month to receive your medical and phone bills with this month’s salary.
c. Book our resort for 3 days and 2 nights in the monsoon season to avail an extra one-day stay.
d. Get ‘Buy 1 get 3’ offer in the stock clearance sale at Humphrey’s.
e. Pay in easy monthly installments for the latest German built home theatres by Bosch.
f. Our team is always there to address your issues.
g. All our products are available in our newly designed online stores.
h. Our wide network of medical practitioners worldwide is available for online consultation.
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A fire destroyed xyz manufacturing company completely on january 29, 2004. Fortunately certain accounting records were kept in another building. It revealed the following for the period from january 1, 2004 to january 29, 2004. Direct material purchased br. 160, 000 wip january1 34,000 direct material january1, 2004 16,000 finished goods january1, 2004 30,000 moh cost 40% of conversion cost revenue 500,000 direct labor cost 180,000 prime cost 294,000 gross profit based on sales 20% cost of goods available for sale 450,000 required: a. Direct material of ending inventory b. Work in progress of ending inventory C. Finished good of ending inventory
Answer:
can you be more specific
Explanation:
becausebecause the fire was so wild and the machines for stomach how will you expect a company that big not too bad so you need to reduce the size of the machines there so that it won't get some points that is why you need that is why I spend so much money on your books are going so please I will expect you that you should use some of your machine so you can finish
To find the ending inventory of direct materials, we need to subtract the direct materials used from the direct materials purchased.
What is inventory?
Inventory, also known as stock, refers to the goods and materials that a company keeps for the purpose of resale, production, or use.
To find the ending inventory of direct materials, we need to subtract the direct materials used from the direct materials purchased.
Direct materials used = Beginning inventory of direct materials + Direct materials purchased - Ending inventory of direct materials
Direct materials used = Prime cost - Direct labor cost
Direct materials used = 294,000 - 180,000
Direct materials used = 114,000
Now we can calculate the ending inventory of direct materials:
Ending inventory of direct materials = Direct materials purchased - Direct materials used
Ending inventory of direct materials = 160,000 - 114,000
Ending inventory of direct materials = 46,000
Therefore, the ending inventory of direct materials is 46,000.
To find the ending inventory of work in progress, we need to use the following formula:
Conversion cost = Direct labor cost + Manufacturing overhead cost
Conversion cost = 180,000 + (40% x Conversion cost)
0.6 x Conversion cost = 180,000
Conversion cost = 300,000
Manufacturing overhead cost = Conversion cost - Direct labor cost
Manufacturing overhead cost = 300,000 - 180,000
Manufacturing overhead cost = 120,000
To find the cost of goods manufactured, we need to use the following formula:
Cost of goods manufactured = Beginning inventory of finished goods + Cost of goods available for sale - Ending inventory of finished goods
Cost of goods manufactured = Gross profit based on sales - Revenue - Selling and administrative expenses
Cost of goods manufactured = (20% x 500,000) - 500,000 - 0
Cost of goods manufactured = 100,000 - 500,000 - 0
Cost of goods manufactured = -400,000
So we can rearrange the formula for the ending inventory of finished goods as:
EI_FG = Beginning inventory of finished goods + Cost of goods manufactured - Cost of goods sold
EI_FG = 30,000 + 461,600 - (450,000 - EI_FG)
2EI_FG = 41,600
EI_FG = $20,800
Therefore, the ending inventory of finished goods is $20,800.
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Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly.
Which type of statement is used to communicate one's feelings in a nonconfrontational manner
An
is a statement used to communicate one's feelings in a nonconfrontational
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An "I" statement is a type of statement used to communicate one's feelings in a nonconfrontational manner. It is a way of expressing how you feel without blaming or attacking the other person.
Which type of statement is used to communicate one's feelings in a nonconfrontational manner ?"I" statements typically start with "I feel" or "I am feeling" followed by a description of the emotion you are experiencing. For example, instead of saying "You never listen to me," you could say "I feel frustrated when I don't feel heard." This approach emphasizes your personal experience and helps the other person understand how their behavior affects you.
Using "I" statements can promote healthy communication and conflict resolution by reducing defensiveness and encouraging empathy. By expressing your feelings in a nonconfrontational way, you can foster understanding and reach mutually beneficial solutions to problems.
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1. Government policies aimed at promoting youth Entrepreneurship in Ghana.
2. Impact of Business hub on SME development.
The Ghanaian government has implemented several policies aimed at promoting youth entrepreneurship, including tax reduction, establishment of incubators and accelerators, provision of grants and loans.
The Ghanaian government has also organized entrepreneurial programs and competitions to promoting youth entrepreneurship. These policies aim to provide young entrepreneurs with the necessary support to establish and expand their businesses.
In addition, business hubs have proven to be effective in facilitating the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by providing entrepreneurs with access to resources such as shared workspaces, mentorship, networking opportunities, and financial support.
By leveraging these resources, SMEs can improve their efficiency and profitability, eventually growing into larger enterprises. Therefore, both government policies and business hubs play a crucial role in promoting youth entrepreneurship and driving the growth of SMEs in Ghana.
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Henry Ang invests HK$28,200 at 8% annual interest, leaving the money invested without withdrawing any of the interest for 8 years. At the end of the 8 years, Henry withdraws the accumulated amount of money.
a) Compute the amount Henry would withdraw assuming the investment earns simple interest.
b) Compute the amount Henry would withdraw assuming the investment earns interest compounded annually.
c) Compute the amount Henry would withdraw assuming the investment earns interest compounded semiannually.
The amount Henry would withdraw assuming the investment earns A) simple interest is HK$46,248, B) interest compounded annually is HK$52,207.62, and C) interest compounded semiannually is HK$61,768.94.
A) The amount Henry would withdraw assuming the investment earns simple interest is computed using the formula:
A = P(1 + rt),
where A is the final amount, P is the principal amount, r is the annual interest rate, and t is the time in years.
Plugging in the values:
A = HK$28,200(1 + 0.08*8)
= HK$28,200(1 + 0.64)
= HK$28,200*1.64
= HK$46,248.
Therefore, the amount Henry would withdraw assuming the investment earns simple interest is HK$46,248.
B) The amount Henry would withdraw assuming the investment earns interest compounded annually is computed using the formula:
A = P(1 + r)^t,
where A is the final amount, P is the principal amount, r is the annual interest rate, and t is the time in years.
Plugging in the values:
A = HK$28,200(1 + 0.08)^8
= HK$28,200*1.85093
= HK$52,207.62.
Therefore, the amount Henry would withdraw assuming the investment earns interest compounded annually is HK$52,207.62.
C) The amount Henry would withdraw assuming the investment earns interest compounded semiannually is computed using the formula:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt),
where A is the final amount, P is the principal amount, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the time in years.
Plugging in the values:
A = HK$28,200(1 + 0.08/2)^(2*8)
= HK$28,200(1.04)^16
= HK$28,200*2.19112
= HK$61,768.94.
Therefore, the amount Henry would withdraw assuming the investment earns interest compounded semiannually is HK$61,768.94.
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Mr. Smith is purchasing a $ 90000 house. The down payment is 20% of the price of the house. He is given the choice of two mortgages: a) a 25-year mortgage with an annual interest rate of 10 %, with interest compounded monthly.
Find (i) the monthly payment: $
(ii) the total amount of interest paid: $
b) a 15-year mortgage with an annual interest rate of 10 %, with interest compounded monthly.
Find (i) The monthly payment: $
(ii) the total amount of interest paid: $
The down payment for the house is 20% of $90000, which is $18000. Therefore, the amount of the mortgage is $90000 - $18000 = $72000.
For the 25-year mortgage:
(i) The monthly payment can be calculated using the formula: P = (r*A)/(1-(1+r)^(-n)), where P is the monthly payment, r is the monthly interest rate, A is the amount of the mortgage, and n is the number of payments. In this case, r = 10%/12 = 0.008333, A = $72000, and n = 25*12 = 300. Plugging these values into the formula gives:
P = (0.008333*$72000)/(1-(1+0.008333)^(-300))
P = $657.36
(ii) The total amount of interest paid is the total amount paid minus the amount of the mortgage: (300*$657.36) - $72000 = $197208 - $72000 = $125208
For the 15-year mortgage:
(i) The monthly payment can be calculated using the same formula, but with n = 15*12 = 180. Plugging these values into the formula gives:
P = (0.008333*$72000)/(1-(1+0.008333)^(-180))
P = $733.76
(ii) The total amount of interest paid is the total amount paid minus the amount of the mortgage: (180*$733.76) - $72000 = $132076.8 - $72000 = $60076.8
Therefore, the monthly payment for the 25-year mortgage is $657.36 and the total amount of interest paid is $125208. The monthly payment for the 15-year mortgage is $733.76 and the total amount of interest paid is $60076.8.
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Case Study:The case for a central source to oversee project resource scheduling is well known by practitioners. Here is a synopsis of a conversation with one middle manager.Interviewer: Congratulations on acceptance of your multiproject scheduling proposal. Everyone tells me you were very convincing.Middle Manager: Thanks. Gaining acceptance was easy this time. The board quickly recognized we have no choice if we are to keep ahead of competition by placing our resources on the right projects.Interviewer: Have you presented this to the board before?Middle Manager: Yes, but not this company. I presented the same spiel to the firm I worked for two years ago. For their annual review meeting I was charged to present a proposal suggesting the need and benefits of central capacity resource planning for managing the projects of the firm.I tried to build a case for bringing projects under one umbrella to standardize practices and to forecast and assign key people to mission critical projects. I explained how benefits such as resource demands would be aligned with mission critical projects, proactive resource planning, and a tool for catching resource bottlenecks and resolving conflicts.Almost everyone agreed the idea was a good one. I felt good about the presentation and felt confident something was going to happen. But the idea never really got off the ground; it just faded into the sunset.With hindsight, managers really did not trust colleagues in other departments, so they only gave half-hearted support to central resource planning. Managers wanted to protect their turf and ensure that they would not have to give up power. The culture there was simply too inflexible for the world we live in today. They are still struggling with constant conflicts among projects.I'm glad I made the switch to this firm. The culture here is much more team-oriented. Management is committed to improving performance.It has often been asserted in project management literature that a centralised project office is essential for efficient scheduling of scarce project resources such as specialised skills and costly equipment across multiple projects. Do you agree? State your position. Support your answer with evidence and reasonable arguments from the case scenario and/or your work experience.
I agree that a centralised project office is essential for efficient scheduling of scarce project resources across multiple projects. In contrast, the current firm’s team-oriented culture and commitment to improving performance provides evidence of the advantages of having a centralised project office.
From the case scenario, it is clear that the former firm’s lack of commitment to central resource planning, with managers protecting their own turf, caused project conflicts.
This centralised approach would allow resources to be managed more effectively, by aligning them with mission-critical projects, proactively forecasting and assigning key people, and helping to catch and resolve resource bottlenecks.
My own work experience also confirms this position, as I have found a centralised project office to be critical in ensuring projects have the resources they need.
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Differentiate between comparative and absolute performance
measurement systems and also discuss any two methods from each of
the systems with the help of suitable examples.
human resource question
Comparative and absolute performance measurement systems are two distinct methods for measuring an individual's job performance.
Comparative performance measurement systems compare an individual's performance to the performance of their peers, while absolute performance measurement systems measure performance against a predetermined standard.
Two methods of comparative performance measurement systems are the peer review and the 360-degree feedback system.
In a peer review system, peers review and rate the performance of their colleagues, providing an objective evaluation of performance. In a 360-degree feedback system, colleagues, supervisors, subordinates, and customers all provide feedback and ratings, creating a comprehensive and holistic performance evaluation.
Two methods of absolute performance measurement systems are the forced-choice method and the absolute rating method.
The forced-choice method requires a supervisor to rank employees on an absolute scale, usually from the highest to the lowest. In the absolute rating method, the supervisor evaluates employees against predetermined standards, such as key performance indicators or predetermined goals.
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