an infant weighing 7 pounds at birth would normally weigh about _____ pounds at five months of age.

Belmont Report principles: Respect, Beneficence, Justice are equally important.

However, I can provide an explanation of each principle and how they are essential in ethical research involving human subjects.

while the three core principles of the Belmont Report are considered equal in importance, they work together to ensure that research involving human subjects is conducted ethically and with respect for the participants' autonomy, well-being, and fairness.

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Clinicians diagnose the presence of insomnia disorder using the criteria in the DSM-5.

Insomnia disorder is a common sleep disorder that affects a significant portion of the population. It is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early, which leads to impaired daytime functioning. The DSM-5, which is the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, provides the criteria for the diagnosis of insomnia disorder. These criteria include the presence of sleep difficulties at least three nights per week for at least three months, along with associated impairments in daytime functioning. Clinicians use these criteria to diagnose insomnia disorder and develop a treatment plan tailored to the individual's needs.

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Pica is a disorder characterized by the persistent ingestion of non-food substances over a period of at least one month. The exact cause of pica is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to nutritional deficiencies, psychological factors, or developmental disorders.

The type of substance ingested in pica can vary depending on cultural and environmental factors. In urban areas, the most commonly ingested substances include ice, clay, chalk, paper, and glue. These substances are easily accessible and can be found in everyday settings such as schools, offices, and public areas.

Ice is a particularly common substance in urban areas and is often chewed on for long periods of time. Some people believe that ice can help relieve stress, improve alertness, and alleviate dry mouth. However, excessive ice consumption can lead to dental problems and damage to the digestive system.

Paper and glue are less common substances in pica, but they are still ingested by some individuals. These substances can cause blockages in the digestive system and may contain harmful chemicals that can be toxic if ingested in large quantities.

In conclusion, the type of substance ingested in pica can vary depending on cultural and environmental factors. In urban areas, ice, clay, chalk, paper, and glue are commonly ingested substances, but these can lead to serious health problems if consumed in excess. If you or someone you know is struggling with pica, it is important to seek medical and psychological help to address the underlying causes and prevent further harm.

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The "vestibulo-ocular" reflex is the term for eye movements that compensate for rotations of the head to maintain fixation on an object.

The vestibular system, which includes the inner ear, is responsible for detecting changes in head position and movement. When the head rotates, the vestibular system sends signals to the muscles that control eye movement, causing the eyes to move in the opposite direction to maintain a stable image on the retina. This reflex is essential for maintaining visual stability during head movements, such as when walking or riding in a car, and it operates automatically and unconsciously. The vestibulo-ocular reflex can be tested clinically to assess the function of the vestibular system and the integrity of the reflex pathway.

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The recommended order for introducing new foods to an infant's diet is one that gradually introduces new flavors and textures. The suggested order is to start with formula, then introduce infant cereal, followed by pureed fruits, strained vegetables, and strained meats.

Here, correct option is 1.

This approach is beneficial because it allows the infant's digestive system time to adjust to the new food items, thereby reducing the risk of digestive distress or allergies. The gradual introduction of new foods also helps the infant become accustomed to different flavors and textures, which can support healthy eating habits in the future.

Additionally, introducing foods in this order can help ensure that the infant is receiving a balanced diet of various nutrients to support healthy growth and development. It is important to note that the introduction of cow's milk should be delayed until the infant is at least 12 months old.

Therefore, correct option is 1.

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The given statement "When writing a query for clinical documentation questions, the physician should be told specifically what needs to be written." is false because writing a query ensures accurate and complete documentation.

Telling physicians specifically what to write in their documentation defeats the purpose of the query, which is to promote clinical clarity and accuracy. Rather than dictating specific language, queries should be written in an open-ended and non-judgmental manner that encourages physicians to provide more detailed and specific information.

Physicians may not always have access to all the relevant information, and queries provide an opportunity to clarify missing or incomplete information, ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment, and ensure continuity of care.

It is important to approach queries with a professional and respectful tone, and not to be confrontational or accusatory. Physicians should feel comfortable responding to queries, and the language used in the query should reflect this.

Additionally, queries should be specific to the clinical context, highlighting key issues and concerns while avoiding irrelevant or superfluous information. This helps to ensure that physicians have a clear understanding of what information is being requested and can provide a focused response.

In summary, when writing a query for clinical documentation, it is essential to focus on promoting clinical clarity and accuracy, using open-ended and non-judgmental language that encourages physicians to provide detailed and specific information.

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The correct answer is D. prevent the backward flow of blood.

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Unlike arteries, veins have thin walls and low blood pressure, which makes them more prone to collapsing or becoming clogged.

prevent the backward flow of blood and ensure that it reaches the heart efficiently, veins contain small valves that open and close to allow blood to flow in only one direction. These valves are particularly important in the legs, where they help to counteract the effects of gravity and prevent blood from pooling in the lower extremities.

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Older women should take in a total of around 9 cups (2.2 liters) of beverages per day to prevent dehydration.

This recommendation may vary depending on factors such as age, body weight, physical activity level, and climate. However, older adults are at increased risk for dehydration due to age-related changes in body composition, kidney function, and thirst perception.

Dehydration can lead to a range of health problems, including constipation, urinary tract infections, and even cognitive impairment.

To prevent dehydration, older women should drink fluids regularly throughout the day, choose water and other hydrating beverages over sugary or caffeinated drinks, and be aware of signs of dehydration such as dry mouth, thirst, and dark urine.

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Bence Jones proteins are found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies to help fight infections. In this condition, malignant plasma cells produce abnormal antibodies called monoclonal proteins or M proteins, including the light chains known as Bence Jones proteins.

These proteins can accumulate in various organs, leading to tissue damage and kidney dysfunction. When the kidneys are unable to filter and remove these proteins effectively, they are excreted in the urine, resulting in the presence of Bence Jones proteins. Detection of Bence Jones proteins in urine is an important diagnostic tool for multiple myeloma, as it can help doctors confirm the presence of the disease and assess its severity.

In addition to multiple myeloma, Bence Jones proteins can also be found in the urine of patients with other plasma cell dyscrasias, such as Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and light chain amyloidosis. However, their presence is most commonly associated with multiple myeloma. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help manage the symptoms and complications of these conditions, improving the patient's quality of life.

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d. "encounter"

Taken from the existentialist perspective, "encounter" involves often intense physical and psychological contact, which lies at the heart of psychodrama. Encounter in psychodrama refers to the experience of genuine connection and engagement between individuals, which can lead to personal growth and self-discovery.

The stapes (option A) vibrates against an opening in the cochlea, a snail-shaped organ within the inner ear.

The stapes is one of the three small bones known as ossicles (option B), which are found in the middle ear. These bones play a critical role in transmitting sound vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear. The other two ossicles are the incus (option C) and the malleus (option D).

The process begins when sound waves enter the outer ear and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transferred to the malleus, which is connected to the eardrum. The malleus passes the vibrations to the incus, which in turn passes them to the stapes. The stapes acts as a piston, pushing against the oval window of the cochlea, causing the fluid within the cochlea to move. Hence, the correct answer is Option A. stapes.

As the fluid in the cochlea moves, it stimulates the hair cells, which are specialized sensory receptors responsible for detecting sound. These hair cells convert the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals, which are then sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. The brain interprets these signals as sound, allowing us to hear and understand the world around us.

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Maureen’s situation  is affected by the structure of the nursing profession as the right for her to talk or complaint against higher officials or physicians regarding their wrong treatment became difficult. She had to obey the orders by her higher officials.

The Nursing profession encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings.
Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people.

Maureen as we have  seen developed her academic career year by year from normal nurse to nurse specialist, her qualification and designation improved, but she has to follow the hierarchy of operations.

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Conditions the patient is at risk for developing based on the descriptions provided in the list include:

A set of disorders affecting the heart and blood arteries is referred to as cardiovascular disease. Among the disorders mentioned are coronary artery disease, cardiac failure, arrhythmias, and peripheral artery disease.

Obesity is a medical disorder defined by an abnormally large amount of body fat, which can be harmful to one's health. It is commonly described by a person's BMI, which is a body fat estimate based on height and weight.

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Complete question:

Case B: You are a physician assistant taking care of a 65-year old retired man with a history of cardiovascular disease, including two heart attacks. A thorough history and physical exam reveal: height= 170 cm, weight= 80 kg, BP= 150/90, HR= 100 bpm, LDL= 200 mg/dl, TG= 250 mg/dl, HDL= 30 mg/dl, FPG=80 mg/dl and HbA1c= 3%. As a grandfather, your patient spends most of his days taking care of his grandchildren while the parents, who both work full-time, are at work.

Question 1. What conditions is your patient at risk for developing considering the descriptions you provided in your list? (3)

A study conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that the Clean Air Act and its later amendments have brought significant benefits to the United States in terms of improved air quality and public health, as well as economic gains.

The study estimated that the Clean Air Act amendments from 1990 have prevented over 200,000 premature deaths, 700,000 cases of chronic bronchitis, 1.7 million asthma attacks, and 19 million lost workdays. It also found that the benefits of the Clean Air Act far outweigh the costs, with an estimated $30 in benefits for every $1 spent on implementation.

The Clean Air Act has also led to technological advancements and innovation in pollution control, creating new industries and job opportunities. The study found that the environmental industry has generated more than $300 billion in revenues and employs over 1.7 million people in the United States.

In conclusion, the study demonstrates that the Clean Air Act and its amendments have been successful in improving air quality, protecting public health, and stimulating economic growth through the creation of new jobs and industries.

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The United States is number 43 among the nations with the world's longest life expectancies.

This places the US well behind other nations such as Japan, Switzerland, and Singapore, which have life expectancies well into the 80s. This is due in part to a variety of factors, such as population health, access to healthcare, and lifestyle choices.

In the US, unhealthy diet and lifestyle choices, lack of access to healthcare, and disparities in healthcare quality all contribute to a shorter life expectancy than other nations. Poor access to healthy foods, lack of exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption are all associated with shorter life spans.

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The maturity date for a six-month note issued on January 15 would be July 15.

This is because a six-month note has a term of six months, which is equal to 180 days. Counting 180 days from January 15, the maturity date would be July 15.

The maturity date of a note is the date on which the principal amount of the note, as well as any accrued interest, becomes due and payable. It is important to keep track of the maturity date to ensure that the borrower is able to repay the note on time and avoid any penalties or default. The maturity date is also important for lenders, as it determines when they can expect to receive payment and when they can release any security held against the note.

In summary, the maturity date for a six-month note issued on January 15 would be July 15, 180 days after the issuance date.

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During gastric emptying, chyme is released into the duodenum through the pyloric sphincter (option d).

Gastric emptying is the process where the stomach releases its contents, called chyme, into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular ring that regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine.

The esophageal hiatus (option a) is an opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes, connecting the pharynx to the stomach. The pyloric antrum (option b) is the wide, lower part of the stomach that connects to the pyloric canal, which then leads to the pyloric sphincter. The pyloric canal (option c) is a narrow passage between the pyloric antrum and the pyloric sphincter, allowing chyme to flow from the stomach to the duodenum. The cystic duct (option e) is part of the biliary system, connecting the gallbladder to the common bile duct, and is not involved in gastric emptying.

In summary, the pyloric sphincter controls the release of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum during the process of gastric emptying, ensuring efficient and controlled digestion of food.

The question seems incomplete, it must have been:

"During gastric emptying, chyme is released into the duodenum through the ______.

a. esophageal hiatus

b. pyloric antrum

c. pyloric canal

d) pyloric sphincter

e) cystic duct"

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The statement "When the immunizations were first available, people under the age of 25 or over 65 were given priority" is false.

During the H1N1 swine flu pandemic of 2009-2010, it was recommended that certain groups of people receive priority for vaccination due to their higher risk of complications from the virus. These groups included pregnant women, people with underlying health conditions such as asthma or diabetes, healthcare workers, and young children.

While it is true that the virus disproportionately affected younger people, particularly those under the age of 25, this did not necessarily mean that they were given priority for vaccination over other high-risk groups. In fact, the prioritization of vaccine distribution varied by country and was influenced by factors such as the availability of the vaccine, the severity of the outbreak, and the recommendations of public health officials.

Overall, the goal of vaccination during the H1N1 pandemic was to protect those who were most vulnerable to severe illness and complications, regardless of age.

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Of the Neo-Freudians, Carl Jung placed the least emphasis on social influences during childhood.

Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, was initially a close associate of Freud, but their paths diverged as they developed distinct ideas about personality and human development.

While Freud's theory focused on the importance of early childhood experiences, particularly regarding the unconscious mind and the impact of social relationships on personality development, Jung introduced the concept of individuation. Individuation is a lifelong process of self-discovery and personal growth, with a focus on achieving a balance between various aspects of the psyche, such as the conscious and unconscious mind, and the integration of archetypes.

Jung also introduced the idea of the collective unconscious, which consists of universal, inherited symbols and patterns of human thought, rather than placing heavy emphasis on individual social experiences during childhood. Jung believed that these collective patterns, known as archetypes, shape our behaviors and perceptions throughout life.

In summary, among the Neo-Freudians, Carl Jung placed the least emphasis on social influences during childhood as he focused more on the lifelong process of individuation and the influence of the collective unconscious on human development.

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The recommended distribution range of fat intake is higher for 1- to 3-year-olds than for adults.

For 1- to 3-year-olds, fat intake is an important component of their diet as it provides energy, essential fatty acids, and fat-soluble vitamins necessary for growth and development.

The recommended distribution range of fat intake for this age group is higher than for adults, as a higher percentage of their total energy intake should come from fat.

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, children between the ages of 1 and 3 should consume approximately 30-40% of their daily calories from fat. This is higher than the recommended fat intake for adults, which is 20-35% of total daily calories.

It is important to note that not all fats are created equal, and children should consume healthy sources of fat, such as those found in nuts, seeds, avocados, and fatty fish. High levels of saturated and trans fats should be limited in a child's diet to promote optimal health.

Overall, ensuring that young children receive an adequate and balanced amount of fat in their diet is crucial for their growth and development.

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dangerous activity.

Binge drinking among college students can be described as a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08 g/dL or higher.

Binge drinking is a pattern of alcohol consumption that involves drinking large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time. In general, binge drinking is defined as consuming enough alcohol to bring the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level to 0.08 g/dL or higher. This usually occurs after 4 or more drinks for women and 5 or more drinks for men within a period of 2 hours.

Binge drinking is common among college students and can lead to a variety of negative consequences, such as impaired judgment, risky behavior, alcohol poisoning, accidents, violence, and poor academic performance.

Binge drinking can also increase the risk of developing long-term health problems such as liver disease, cancer, and neurological disorders. To reduce the risk of these negative consequences, it is important to practice responsible drinking habits, such as consuming alcohol in moderation and avoiding binge drinking.

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An epileptic focus is a specific site in the brain of an epileptic patient where abnormal electrical activity originates, leading to seizures.

An epileptic patient is a person who experiences seizures due to a neurological disorder called epilepsy. Seizures occur when there is a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain, which can cause a range of symptoms depending on the location and severity of the activity. Epileptic seizures can range from mild to severe and can include symptoms such as muscle spasms, loss of consciousness, and convulsions. Epilepsy can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, brain damage, infections, and tumors. Treatment for epilepsy typically involves medication to control seizures, but in some cases, surgery or other therapies may be necessary.

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It is the varying "amylose" content that causes texture differences in starch-containing foods.

Starch is a complex carbohydrate and a major source of energy in our diet. It is found in various foods such as rice, potatoes, corn, and wheat. Starch is made up of two types of glucose polymers: amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is a linear chain of glucose molecules, while amylopectin is a branched chain.

The amylose content of starch is responsible for its texture in foods. Starches with a high amylose content tend to form a tighter, more rigid structure when cooked, resulting in a firmer texture. On the other hand, starches with a low amylose content tend to be more gelatinous and softer in texture.

For example, long-grain rice has a high amylose content, which makes it firmer and less sticky when cooked. In contrast, short-grain rice has a low amylose content, which makes it softer and more sticky when cooked.

Understanding the amylose content of starches is important for food manufacturers, chefs, and home cooks in achieving the desired texture and consistency of foods.

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The additional air that you can exhale after a normal exhale is known as the Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV).
To understand this concept, let's break down the various components of lung volumes and capacities.

Human lungs can hold a specific amount of air, which is measured in terms of volumes and capacities. Lung volumes include Tidal Volume (TV), Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV), Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV), and Residual Volume (RV).

Tidal Volume refers to the amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled during normal, quiet breathing. On the other hand, Inspiratory Reserve Volume is the extra amount of air that you can inhale forcefully after a normal inhalation.

Expiratory Reserve Volume, the term you are seeking, is the extra air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation. This helps your body expel more air from the lungs when necessary, such as during exercise or other situations requiring increased respiration. ERV is typically around 1,000-1,200 mL in healthy adults.

Lastly, Residual Volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs even after a forceful exhalation. This prevents the lungs from collapsing and ensures a constant exchange of gases.

In summary, Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the additional air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhale, helping the body to expel more air when needed.

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The nurse's priority action in caring for a client who has just had a liver biopsy is to monitor the client for potential complications such as bleeding, infection, and pain.

The nurse should closely observe the client's vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate. Additionally, the nurse should assess the biopsy site for signs of bleeding or infection and provide appropriate wound care.

The nurse may also administer pain medication as ordered and educate the client on post-biopsy care instructions, such as avoiding strenuous activity and monitoring for signs of infection. It is crucial for the nurse to promptly report any concerning findings to the healthcare provider to ensure timely intervention and optimal client outcomes.

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Diabetes insipidus occurs when the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland no longer releases a hormone called vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH).

This hormone is responsible for regulating the balance of water in the body by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. When vasopressin production is disrupted, the kidneys are unable to retain the appropriate amount of water, resulting in excessive urination and dehydration. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to manage this condition and maintain optimal hydration levels.

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If Rving takes an anticoagulant, then vitamin K may cause bleeding if he takes more than 1,200 units.

Vitamin K is an essential nutrient that helps in blood clotting. Anticoagulants, such as warfarin, work by reducing the body's ability to form blood clots, which can be beneficial in preventing certain medical conditions, such as stroke or deep vein thrombosis. However, if vitamin K intake is too high, it can interfere with the anticoagulant medication's effectiveness, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, people taking anticoagulants are often advised to maintain a consistent level of vitamin K intake and avoid drastic changes in their diet or vitamin supplementation without consulting their healthcare provider.

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In 2012, the average number of children born to the typical U.S. woman over her lifetime was about 1.9.

In 2012, the average number of children born to the typical U.S. woman over her lifetime was approximately 1.88. This measure is known as the Total Fertility Rate (TFR), which estimates the average number of live births a woman would have throughout her reproductive years, typically between ages 15-49. TFR is an important demographic indicator that helps assess population growth and replacement levels. In the U.S., a TFR of 2.1 is considered the replacement level, which means the population remains stable without immigration. Since the TFR in 2012 was below the replacement level, it indicates slow population growth.

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A fracture in the growth plate can impair the lengthwise growth of bones in a child. Growth plates are areas of developing cartilage tissue located near the ends of long bones in children and adolescents.

These plates are responsible for the lengthwise growth of bones. When a fracture occurs in the growth plate, it can disrupt the normal growth process and result in a shorter or crooked bone.

Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention promptly for any suspected fractures in children to prevent any long-term growth problems.

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Narcolepsy causes a person to lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state.

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, hallucinations, and in some cases, cataplexy – a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions.

The exact cause of narcolepsy is not fully understood, but it is believed to be linked to a deficiency in the neurotransmitter hypocretin, also known as orexin. Hypocretin plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles and maintaining alertness. Genetic and environmental factors may also contribute to the development of narcolepsy.

People with narcolepsy may experience sleep attacks, which are sudden, irresistible urges to sleep during the day. These sleep episodes can occur without warning and may last for a few seconds to several minutes. Due to the immediate onset of REM sleep, affected individuals often have vivid dreams or hallucinations during these episodes.

Narcolepsy can significantly impact a person's quality of life, leading to difficulties in maintaining personal and professional relationships, as well as challenges in performing daily tasks. Although there is no cure for narcolepsy, medications and lifestyle changes can help manage the symptoms and improve overall functioning.

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