an acid enviroment for microorgsnisms and protection for the body is provided by the

Answers

Answer 1

An acid environment for microorganisms and protection for the body is provided by the stomach.

The stomach is one of the most important organs of the human body that helps in the breakdown of food with the help of stomach acid. It is a muscular sac that is situated in the upper abdominal cavity. The stomach performs a wide range of functions such as mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, and absorption of nutrients. The stomach has a lining of mucous membranes that protect the stomach wall from the corrosive action of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes. The pH level of the stomach ranges from 1.5-3.5. This level of acidity helps in the killing of any bacteria, viruses, or parasites that enter the body through food and drink.
The stomach acid also helps in the breakdown of protein molecules and the activation of pepsin, an enzyme that is responsible for protein digestion. The low pH level of the stomach acid is maintained by proton pumps, which are found in the parietal cells of the stomach wall.

The acid environment of the stomach is essential for the growth and survival of beneficial gut bacteria, which help in the synthesis of vitamins, absorption of minerals, and protection against harmful bacteria. In conclusion, the stomach provides an acidic environment for the protection of the body against harmful microorganisms and aids in the breakdown of food for the absorption of nutrients.

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Related Questions

22g per 1000ml of liquid, how much g for 100ml liquid

Answers

22g per 1000ml of liquid, 2.2g is required for 100ml liquid.

We can say that the above statement is correct with the help of the following verification:

1000ml=22g

1ml=22g/1000ml

100ml=22g/1000ml × 100

100ml=2.2g

Hence at last we can say that for 100 ml of liquid 2.2g is required.

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birds fly with their
a.lags
b.wings
c.fins
d.body

Answers

Birds fly with their wings. Wings are specialized appendages that enable birds to generate lift and propel themselves through the air.

Answer:

b. wings

Explanation:

Birds do not have lags or fins, so you can cross out options a and c.

Birds have both wings and a body, but only one of them is used for flying.

What are wings?

Wings are the specialized limbs that allow birds to fly by creating lift and thrust.

A body is the main part of an animal that contains the organs and supports the limbs. A body is not used for flying, but for other functions such as digestion, respiration, and reproduction.

Therefore the correct answer is b. wings.

Which of the following is an example of evolution?

Question 11 options:

In a population of all green lizards, a brown lizard is born due to a mutation


To compete against other males, a male deer grows its antlers before mating season


Wolves are reintroduced into an ecosystem


The allele frequency for purple flower color increases in a population

Answers

The example of evolution among the given options is: The allele frequency for purple flower color increases in a population.

Evolution refers to the change in the heritable characteristics of a population over successive generations. In this case, the increase in the allele frequency for the purple flower color indicates a change in the genetic makeup of the population, which is a key aspect of evolution.

Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that determine specific traits or characteristics. The fact that the frequency of the allele for the purple flower color is increasing suggests that more individuals in the population possess this particular genetic variant. This change can occur through various mechanisms such as natural selection, genetic drift, or mutation.

By observing the increase in the frequency of the purple flower color allele in the population, we can conclude that the population is undergoing evolutionary change. This example demonstrates how genetic variation within a population can lead to shifts in allele frequencies over time, resulting in observable evolutionary processes.

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Which are correct examples of physical (P), chemical (C), and biological (B) barriers?

Answers

Answer:

Physical Barriers (P): Skin , Mucus Membranes

Chemical Barriers (C): Stomach Acid , Antimicrobial Peptides

Biological Barriers (B): Gut Flora , Immune Cells

Explanation: It's important to note that these examples are not exclusive to one type of barrier, as they can overlap in their functions. The categorization as physical, chemical, or biological barriers helps to understand different mechanisms that our body employs to defend against pathogens.

Scientists have classified the sea otter as a keystone species in communities along the Pacific coast of North America. This classification depends on which property of the sea otters?

Question 4 options:

Sea otters have the highest population in the community.


Sea otters act to maintain a wide variety of other populations in the community by controlling the population of sea urchins.


Sea otters are the largest, most massive members of the community.


Sea otters provide food for all of the predators of the community.

Answers

Scientists have classified the sea otter as a keystone species in communities along the Pacific coast of North America based on their ability to maintain a wide variety of other populations in the community by controlling the population of sea urchins.

The sea otter plays an important role in its ecosystem as a keystone species. Keystone species are essential to the balance of their ecosystem, and removing them can cause drastic changes. The sea otter is a keystone species because it helps maintain a balance of power between different members of the ecosystem in which it resides.

Sea otters feed on sea urchins, which are herbivorous invertebrates that can cause significant damage to the ecosystem. Sea urchins feed on kelp, which can be damaged by too many sea urchins. Sea otters help to control the sea urchin population by feeding on them, which in turn allows the kelp forest to thrive.

Therefore, sea otters play an important role in the health and survival of the kelp forest, as well as other species that rely on the kelp forest for food and shelter.

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The slope of the line below is -5. Which of the following is the point-slope
form of the line?
A. y + 7 = -5(x-2)
B. y+ 7 = 5(x-2)
C. y-7 = -5(x+2)
D. y-7= 5(x + 2)
-10
(2,-7)
10

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

To determine the point-slope form of a line, we need a point on the line and the slope of the line. Given the slope of -5 and the point (2, -7), we can use the point-slope form of a linear equation:

y - y1 = m(x - x1), -> this is point slope form

where (x1, y1) represents the coordinates of the given point, and m represents the slope.

Substituting the values into the equation, we have:

y - (-7) = -5(x - 2).

Simplifying this equation, we get:

y + 7 = -5(x - 2).

Thus, the point-slope form of the line is A. y + 7 = -5(x - 2).

6. Bug Protection
(1) Almost all insects will fee if threatened. (2) Many insects, however, have more specialized means of defense. (3)
Roaches and stinkbugs, for example, secrete foul-smelling chemicals that deter aggressors. (4) Bees, wasps, and some
ants have poisonous stings that can kill smaller predators and cause pain for larger ones. (5) The larvae of some insects
have hairs filled with poison. (6) If a predator eats one of these larvae, it may suffer a toxic reaction. (7) Insects that
defend themselves by unpleasant or dangerous chemicals gain two advantages. (8) On one hand, they often deter a
predator from eating them. (9) On the other hand, predators learn not to bother them in the first place.
(10) Other insects gain protection by mimicry, or similarity of appearance. (11) In one kind of mimicry, insects with similar
defense mechanisms look alike, and predators leam to avoid them all. (12) Bees and wasps mimic each other in this
way. (13) In another kind of mimicry, insects with no defenses of their own mimic the appearance of stinging or bad-
tasting insects (14) Predators avoid the mimic as well as the insect with the unpleasant taste or sting (15) For example,
syrphid flies look like bees but do not sting.
(16) Another kind of defense based on appearance is camouflage, or the ability to blend into surroundings. (17) Many
kinds of insects and animals have distinctive color markings that make them difficult to see. (18) Predators have trouble
locating prey that looks like its background. (19) An insect is more likely to survive and produce offspring if it is
camouflaged than if it is not.

Answers

Insects employ various strategies to protect themselves from predators. They may use chemical defenses, such as secreting foul-smelling chemicals or possessing poisonous stings. Additionally, some insect larvae have poisonous hairs that can cause toxic reactions in predators. Insects that rely on unpleasant or dangerous chemicals gain two advantages: deterring predators from eating them and teaching predators to avoid them altogether.

The passage describes various defense mechanisms employed by insects to protect themselves from predators. Insects have evolved a range of strategies to deter or escape from threats.

These strategies include chemical defenses, mimicry, and camouflage. Chemical defenses involve the secretion of foul-smelling chemicals or the possession of poisonous stings, which discourage predators from attacking or eating them.

Mimicry involves insects with similar defense mechanisms resembling each other, leading predators to avoid them altogether. Some insects mimic the appearance of other species with unpleasant tastes or stings, deterring predators.

Camouflage is another defense mechanism, enabling insects to blend into their surroundings and make it difficult for predators to spot them. These defense mechanisms increase the chances of survival and successful reproduction for insects, as they are better equipped to defend themselves against potential threats.

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Three cells are placed in three solutions of different concentrations. Determine the concentration of the solution based on the predominant movement of water molecules though the cells

Answers

Atoms because the green thingies that rotate in the cell

In what type of circulatory system are fluids pumped through specialized enclosed veins

Answers

The closed circulatory system is characterized by the pumping of fluids through specialized enclosed veins. It involves the circulation of blood within a network of vessels, ensuring efficient transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body. This system is found in vertebrates and some invertebrates, providing a highly controlled and effective means of circulation.

The type of circulatory system in which fluids are pumped through specialized enclosed veins is known as a closed circulatory system. In a closed circulatory system, the circulatory fluid, called blood, is confined within a network of vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. This system is found in many complex organisms, including vertebrates (such as humans) and some invertebrates.

In a closed circulatory system, the heart acts as the central pump that propels the blood through the network of vessels. The blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other vital substances to the body's tissues and organs, while also removing waste products and carbon dioxide.

The specialized enclosed veins, also known as veins and venules, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The veins have one-way valves that prevent the backward flow of blood, ensuring its continuous movement toward the heart. This efficient transport system allows for the controlled distribution of blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients precisely where they are needed.

Unlike the closed circulatory system, an open circulatory system is characterized by the absence of enclosed veins. In an open circulatory system, the circulatory fluid, called hemolymph, flows freely through interconnected spaces called sinuses. This type of circulatory system is found in certain invertebrates, such as insects and some mollusks.

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Which of the following terms refers to the practical applications of scientific knowledge?

A.
Technology

B.
Scientific methods

C.
Medicine

D.
Systems science

Answers

The answer is option A, Technology.

Which statement best describes what the arrows represent? Air continuously blows away from the equator. Air flows in different directions over long distances. Air moves from regions of low pressure to high pressure. Air circulates in an upward direction, creating surface winds.

Answers

Answer:

The statement "Air moves from regions of low pressure to high pressure" best describes what the arrows represent. This is known as the movement of air due to pressure gradients, where air flows from areas of higher atmospheric pressure to areas of lower atmospheric pressure.

Explanation:

Living and non-living things all have interactions with each other. Ecosystems are full of these interactions and is the basis for the study of ecology. From the picture, label each object you see as abiotic or biotic

Answers

Biotic factors in an ecosystem include plants, animals, insects, birds, fishes, and microorganisms, while abiotic factors encompass water, soil, temperature, wind, and light. These elements interact to shape the structure, dynamics, and functioning of ecosystems, influencing the distribution and behavior of organisms within them.

Biotic factors:

1. Plants - Living organisms that convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis.

2. Animals - Multicellular organisms that can move, consume organic matter, and exhibit various behaviors.

3. Insects - Small, six-legged arthropods that play important roles in pollination, decomposition, and as a food source for other organisms.

4. Birds - Feathered, warm-blooded vertebrates that lay eggs and exhibit diverse adaptations for flight.

5. Fishes - Aquatic vertebrates with gills and fins that live in freshwater or marine environments.

6. Microorganisms - Microscopic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, vital for nutrient cycling, decomposition, and other ecological processes.

Abiotic factors:

1. Water - Essential for life, it supports various organisms and influences their behavior, distribution, and physiological processes.

2. Soil - A complex mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air, providing nutrients and habitat for plants and microorganisms.

3. Temperature - The degree of hotness or coldness in an environment, influencing the metabolic rates, growth, and survival of organisms.

4. Wind - The movement of air, affecting the dispersal of seeds and pollen, as well as shaping the structure and growth of plants.

5. Light - Energy from the sun that drives photosynthesis, regulates biological rhythms, and influences the behavior and development of organisms.

These factors collectively shape ecosystems, influencing the distribution, abundance, and interactions of organisms within them.

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Compare and contrast voluntary responses and involuntary responses

Answers

Voluntary responses are consciously initiated and controlled actions that require conscious thought and involve the somatic nervous system. In contrast, involuntary responses occur automatically without conscious control, are triggered by sensory stimuli or internal conditions, and are regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Voluntary responses are under conscious awareness and are examples of deliberate actions, such as walking or speaking. Involuntary responses, on the other hand, include reflexive actions like heartbeat, digestion, and pupil dilation, which occur without conscious intention or awareness.

The water vascular system operates the tube feet of sea stars and other echinoderms by means of ________.
A. Water pressure
B. Water exchange
C. Water pumps
D. Water filtering

Answers

Answer: i think the answer is A

Explanation: since they use pressure to move things and therefore i think with that information therefore i think im correct

Which of these secrets a hormone that regulates the rate of metabolism of that body?
A. Spleen
B. Cerebrum
C. Thyroid
D. Kidney

Answers

The kidney secrets a hormone that regulates the rate of metabolism of that body

MARKING BRAINLIEST!! Choose all the answers that apply.

Water:


has a strong attraction to itself
is neither acidic nor basic
can dissolve most substances
contracts when it freezes
heats up and cools down more quickly than land

Answers

Based on the given statements, the answers that apply are:

- Water has a strong attraction to itself (cohesion)
- Water is neither acidic nor basic (pH neutral)
- Water can dissolve most substances

The remaining two statements are incorrect:

- Water expands when it freezes, rather than contracting.
- Land tends to heat up and cool down more quickly than water.


Brainliest ?

A person who has allergies has a compromised immune system because the body’s immune system

Answers

Answer:

overreacts to an antigen.

Explanation:

A person who has allergies has a compromised immune system because the body’s immune system overreacts to an antigen.

Hope this helps!

How many different kinds of amino acids are there for protein synthesis?​

Answers

There are twenty types of amino acids are there in our body for protein synthesis.

As we all know that our body needs various types of amino acids for protein synthesis, but it doesn't work due to the presence of amino acids only, but there are also many similar biomechanical reactions needed for the smoothening process of body functioning.

Now it is clear about the presence of amino acids. Now, it is necessary to understand what are the functions of amino acids in our body, amino acids help to synthesize proteins they also help in repairing the dead cells into new cells and much more.

Hence at last we can say that amino acids plays a vital role in the synthesis of protein, as protein are the building blocks of our body.

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An investor wants to save money over a long period of time. This investor does not need to have easy access to the money and is worried about losing any money. Knowing the interest rate and that it will not change is important. Which investment best meets this investor's needs?

Answers

Answer:

An annuity

Explanation:

An annuity enables you to store your money with a decent interest rate while adding on money periodically if you want. Eventually after a set amount of years (usually 20-40 years), it will produce a lot of money in the end.

Study the image

A house on a beach (left side) near the ocean (right side). Arrows show movement counterclockwise.

What do the arrows indicate?

Answers

The arrows shown in the image indicate the movement of the ocean waves in the counterclockwise direction.

The image shows a house situated on the beach, to the left side, near the ocean, which is present on the right side. The arrows shown on the image indicate movement in the counterclockwise direction. The clockwise and counterclockwise movements are often used to show the directions of movement, which can be used to explain numerous phenomena.

The counterclockwise movement shown in the image indicates the movement of the ocean. The arrows show the direction of the water waves. The waves are moving in the counterclockwise direction in this image. The waves in the ocean are caused by various factors, including the wind, the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun, and the motion of the ocean current.

The movement of the water waves is significant for numerous reasons, including the erosion of the beach and the creation of sand dunes. Waves crashing against the beach may erode the sand and soil present on the beach, resulting in the beach's reduction in size. Furthermore, waves help shape sand dunes by carrying sand from one location to another.

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which of the follow2ing is the smallest volume;
a)11cm3
b)0.25dL
c)1.4*10^3mL
d)2.5*10^7nL

Answers

The smallest volume is 11[tex]cm^3[/tex]. .

The correct answer is option A.

To determine the smallest volume among the given options, we need to convert the volumes to a common unit and compare them.

a) 11[tex]cm^3[/tex]: This is already given in cubic centimeters and is the simplest unit among the options.

b) 0.25 dL: 1 deciliter (dL) is equal to 100 cubic centimeters[tex](cm^3)[/tex]. To compare it with option (a), we need to convert it to cubic centimeters. Therefore, 0.25 dL is equal to 0.25 * 100 = 25[tex]cm^3[/tex].

c) 1.4 *[tex]10^3[/tex] mL: 1 milliliter (mL) is equal to 1 cubic centimeter ([tex]cm^3[/tex]). So, 1.4 * 10^3 mL is equivalent to 1.4 *[tex]10^3 cm^3.[/tex]

d) 2.5 * [tex]10^7[/tex] nL: 1 nanoliter (nL) is equal to 0.001 cubic centimeters ([tex]cm^3)[/tex]. To compare it with the previous options, we need to convert it to cubic centimeters. Therefore, 2.5 *[tex]10^7[/tex] nL is equal to 2.5 *[tex]10^7[/tex] * 0.001 = 2.5 [tex]* 10^4[/tex] [tex]cm^3[/tex].

Comparing the volumes:

a) 11 [tex]cm^3[/tex]

b) 25[tex]cm^3[/tex]

c) 1.4 [tex]* 10^3[/tex] [tex]cm^3[/tex]

d) 2.5 *[tex]10^4[/tex] [tex]cm^3[/tex]

From the given options, the smallest volume is 11 [tex]cm^3[/tex] .

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A series of choices between two characteristics that is used to identify organisms is called a
characteristic chart.
characteristic key.
dichotomous chart.
dichotomous key.

Answers

The answer is Dichotomous Key

Answer: D OR Dichotomous key.

All of the following are examples of erosion EXCEPT:

A. A glacier picks up boulders as it moves.
B. A flood washes over a riverbank and the water carries small soil particles.
C. The wind in the desert blows sand against a rock.
D. An icy winter causes the pavement in a road to crack.

Answers

All of the following are examples of erosion EXCEPT:

D) An icy winter causes the pavement in a road to crack.

The other options are examples of erosion:
A) A glacier picks up boulders as it moves. (glacial erosion)
B) A flood washes over a riverbank and the water carries small soil particles. (water erosion)
C) The wind in the desert blows sand against a rock. (wind erosion)
Erosion is the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water

It can be caused by different factors such as wind, water, ice, and gravity. The process of erosion can have significant impacts on the environment, including the loss of fertile soil, the alteration of landscapes, and the formation of geological features such as canyons and valleys. Therefore, it is important to understand the different types of erosion and their causes in order to prevent or mitigate their effects.

Which of the following support the importance of geographic isolation as stated in the article? Check all of the boxes that apply.

Answers

Geographic isolation is a key factor in driving speciation in plants and is evident in regions like the Antarctic convergence, where distinct species have evolved due to the isolation imposed by geographical boundaries.

The correct answer is option 3 and 4.

In the given options, the following choices support the importance of geographic isolation as stated in the article:

3. Speciation of plants: Geographic isolation plays a significant role in the speciation of plants. When plant populations are geographically separated, they can undergo divergent evolution due to different selective pressures and environmental conditions. Over time, this can lead to the formation of new plant species with distinct characteristics.

4. Antarctic convergence: The concept of Antarctic convergence refers to the meeting of cold Antarctic waters with warmer waters from other ocean regions. This convergence creates a unique ecological boundary that isolates species in the Antarctic region. The geographic isolation resulting from the Antarctic convergence has contributed to the evolution of distinct species and high biodiversity in the region.

It is important to note that the other options (1. genetically similar organisms and 2. distribution and abundance of organisms) do not directly support the importance of geographic isolation as described in the question.

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The question probable may be:

Which of the following support the importance of geographic isolation as stated in the article? Check all of the boxes that apply.

1.genetically similar organisms

2.distribution and abundance of organisms

3.speciation of plants

4.Antarctic convergence

Which two sentences or statements correctly identify the environmental consequences of land use?

Answers

Two sentences that correctly identify the environmental consequences of land use are:

1. Often, land is cleared to make room for businesses or homes, leading to habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of ecosystems.

2. Sometimes, governments use eminent domain over private property to create national parks or reserves, contributing to the conservation of natural areas and biodiversity.

Land use has significant environmental consequences, and understanding these impacts is crucial for sustainable land management. The clearing of land for various purposes, such as urbanization or agriculture, has detrimental effects on the environment. Large-scale clearing of land often involves deforestation, which results in the destruction of forests and their ecosystems, loss of habitat for countless species, and increased carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, the conversion of natural land into urban or agricultural areas disrupts natural water cycles, alters soil composition, and contributes to the loss of valuable ecological services.

On the other hand, governments sometimes use eminent domain to acquire private land for the establishment of national parks or reserves. This action aims to protect and preserve natural areas, safeguarding their biodiversity and ecological integrity. National parks and reserves serve as crucial refuges for wildlife, support conservation efforts, and provide opportunities for scientific research and education. They play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem services, mitigating the impacts of climate change, and promoting sustainable land use practices.

In summary, land use choices have significant environmental consequences. Clearing land for development purposes can lead to habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity, while the establishment of national parks and reserves through eminent domain helps protect and conserve natural areas and their associated ecosystems. Striking a balance between human development and environmental preservation is essential for sustainable land use management.

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Which of the following CANNOT be inferred based solely on the diagram shown below? (select all that apply)
Frog
Lizard
Their DNA is over 90% the same.
- They share a common ancestor.

- Both species evolved from an aquatic animal.

- Both of organisms' embryos have gills.

- They live in the same Environment.

Answers

Based solely on the diagram shown below, the following options cannot be inferred:

- Their DNA is over 90% the same.
- They share a common ancestor.
- Both species evolved from an aquatic animal.
- Both of organisms' embryos have gills.
- They live in the same environment.

Without additional information or specific evidence, it is not possible to infer these statements from a diagram alone.

Amaya collected insects in the forest. She was unable to identify one unusual looking insect using a dichotomous key. Amaya concluded that the insect must be a new species. Which facts would support the conclusion that the insect is a new species?
The insect cannot be identified based on one of the first three questions.
The way the insect was collected may have caused damage to its exoskeleton and wings.
Several other thorough and up-to-date dichotomous keys also failed to identify the insect.
The normal diet of many insects in the forest has been seriously altered by a recent drought.

Answers

Answer: C

Explanation:

BBY 1210: TAXONOMY CAT 1 (Total: 15 Marks) I 1. Explain the limitations of binomial nomenclature​

Answers

Binomial nomenclature, the system of naming species using a two-part Latinized name, has several limitations.

The first limitation is that binomial nomenclature is based on a hierarchical classification system that does not fully capture the complexity of evolutionary relationships.

It places organisms into distinct categories such as genus and species, but it does not account for the interconnectedness and branching patterns of evolutionary history. This can result in misrepresentations or oversimplifications of the relationships between species.

Another limitation is that binomial nomenclature does not provide detailed information about the characteristics and traits of organisms. The name itself does not convey information about the organism's morphology, behavior, ecology, or genetic makeup.

To obtain a comprehensive understanding of an organism, additional information beyond its scientific name is required.

Furthermore, binomial nomenclature does not account for the dynamic nature of taxonomy and evolutionary research. As scientific knowledge advances and new discoveries are made, species classifications may need to be revised or redefined.

Binomial nomenclature does not easily accommodate these changes, leading to potential inconsistencies or outdated naming conventions.

Overall, while binomial nomenclature has been a useful tool for organizing and categorizing species, it has limitations in capturing evolutionary relationships, providing detailed information, and adapting to changes in scientific knowledge.

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An example of a reaction to a stimulus is
A. A boy smelling a flower
B. A person tapping on a friend’s shoulder
C. A loud clap of Thunder following lightning
D. Eyes blinking due to smoke in the air

Answers

Answer:

D. Eyes blinking due to smoke in the air.

Explanation:

An example of a reaction to stimulus is eyes blinking due to smoke in the air.

How did Chargaff's experiments affect the understanding of DNA's structure?

Answers

Chargaff’s experiments provided vital clues to understand the structure of DNA. His discoveries led to the establishment of the base-pairing rule, a fundamental concept of the structure of DNA. This was a groundbreaking concept at the time because it explained how DNA was able to replicate and transfer genetic information.

In the early 1950s, James Watson and Francis Crick used this information, along with other data, to propose a double helix model of DNA. Chargaff discovered that the amount of adenine (A) is roughly equal to that of thymine (T) and the amount of guanine (G) is roughly equal to that of cytosine (C). This is known as Chargaff’s rule.

It is essential because it helped to solve the riddle of DNA's structure. This showed that the base pairs were complementary to each other and that they paired with one another by forming hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds were weak enough to be easily broken, allowing the double helix to separate during DNA replication.

Because of the base-pairing rule, it is easy to see how DNA is able to replicate. By breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs, the two strands of DNA can unwind, and new complementary bases can be added to each strand. Because the new bases are complementary, the strands reform, forming two identical copies of the original DNA molecule.

Therefore, Chargaff's discovery of base pairing rules played an important role in explaining the structure of DNA.

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Other Questions
visual studio c# consoleThis project uses an array to track the results of rolling 2 dice. Make sure you read the file about Random Numbers before you work on this project.If the dice have 6 sides each, then rolling 2 dice can produce a total from 2 (a 1 on each dice) to 12 (a 6 on each dice). Your project will simulate rolling 2 dice 100 times, counting the number of times each possible result occurs. If you were doing this project manually, you would have a sheet of paper or a writing board with rows for 2, 3, 4, 5, ... 12 -- all the possible results that can occur from rolling 2 dice. If the first total is 7, then you would add a tick mark to the row for 7. If the next total is a 5, you would add a tick mark to the row for 5. If the next total is another 5, you would add another tick mark to the row for 5. And so on, until the dice have been rolled 100 times. The number of tick marks in the row for 2 is how many times a 2 was the result. The number of tick marks in the row for 3 is how many times a 3 was the result, etc. Each row is counting how many times that number was rolled. An array works very well for keeping those tick marks. If you have an array of size 12, it has elements numbered 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. There are 12 elements, so you can put the tick mark (add 1) for a total of 5 in the array element for -- which one? The one with index 5 is the 6th element because arrays start at 0. Where do you put the tick mark for a total of 12? There is no element 12 in this array.This is a situation where the index is "meaningful", adds information to the data of the project. The numbers you need to count are integers up to 12; you can declare an array with 12 elements to hold that data. Like this:Array Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Count of rolls count of 1s count of 2s count of 3s count of 4s count of 5s count of 6s count of 7s count of 8s count of 9s count of 10s count of 11s count of 12sWith a picture like this, you can see that if you need to add 1 to the count of 5s, you go to the element in array index 4. To add 1 to the count of 12s, go to the element in array index 11. The pattern is that the array index is 1 less than the value being counted. This is true for every number that you want to count So you can create an array of size 12 (index values are 0 to 11), and always subtract 1 from the dice total to access the correct element for that total. You can also look at the index value, like 6, and know that the data in that element has to do with dice total of (index + 1) = 7. When the value of the index is relevant to the contents at that index, it is a meaningful index.A way to make the index even more meaningful is to remove that offset of 1: declare an array of size 13, which starts with an index of 0 and has a max index of 12.Array Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Count of rolls count of 0s count of 1s count of 2s count of 3s count of 4s count of 5s count of 6s count of 7s count of 8s count of 9s count of 10s count of 11s count of 12sIn this scenario, the array index is exactly the same value as the dice total that was just rolled. You can go to the array element with an index of the same number as that total, and add 1 to it to count that it was rolled again.Because it is impossible to roll a 0 or 1 with 2 dice, those elements at the beginning of the array will always be zero, a waste of space. But these are small pieces of space, make the index even more meaningful, and can simplify the logic.You can use either version, an array with exactly 12 elements, so the element to count a specific dice total has index of (total - 1), or an array with 13 elements, wasting the first two elements, so the element to count a specific dice total uses the same index as that dice total.Write a project that has an array to count the number of times each total was rolled. Use a loop to "roll the dice" 100 times, as you saw in the reading about Random Numbers. Add 1 to the array element for the total; this counts how many times that total was rolled. After rolling the dice 100 times and counting the results in the array, display those counts. Use another loop to go through the array and print out the number in each element. Add that total to a grand total. After the array has been printed, display the grand total -- it better add up to 100. According to the Chapter 2 presentation on Blackboard a correlational study which finds a relationship between testosterone levels and competitive behavior could mean testosterone is causing competitive behavior, competitive behavior is causing testosterone levels to rise, or a third factor is causing a rise in both competitive behavior and testosterone levels. Follow-up experimental research has found being competitive lowers testosterone levels. competition has no effect on testosterone levels. it's too hard to determine if testosterone levels causes competition. being competitive raises testosterone levels. Which of the following statements is true about the price elasticities of demand and supply? The greater the share of a consumer's budget the more inelastic the demand for the good. The fewer the number of substitutes for a good the greater the inelasticity of demand for that good. The longer the time frame consumers have to make a purchase decision, the more inelastic the demand for the good. In the long run the price elasticity of supply becomes more inelastic. In the long run the supply curve becomes steeper. Which of the following statements is true about the price elasticities of demand and supply? The greater the share of a consumer's budget the more inelastic the demand for the good. The fewer the number of substitutes for a good the greater the inelasticity of demand for that good. The longer the time frame consumers have to make a purchase decision, the more inelastic the demand for the good. In the long run the price elasticity of supply becomes more inelastic. In the long run the supply curve becomes steeper. The degree distribution of the following graph is:O [(4,1)(3,2)(2,4)]O [(1,4)(2,3)(4,2)]O [1,2,4,0]O [4,3,3,2,2,2,2] amplitude 10 5 -10 AM modulation 1 2 time time combined message and AM signal 10 3 2 x10-3 50 x10-3 3 O ir -10 amplitude amplitude 5 -5 s 5 0 5 FM modulation 1 time combined message and FM signal 1 2 time 3 2 x10-3 5 3 x10-3 5 amplitude Step 1.3 Plot the following equations: m(t) = 5cos(2*600Hz*t) c(t) = 5cos(2*9kHz*t) Kvco = 10 Question 3. Select the statement that best describes your observation. a. Kvco is large enough to faithfully represent the modulated carrier s(t) b. By viewing the AM modulated plot, distortion can easily be seen, which is caused by a large AM index. c. Kvco is very small, which means that the FM index is very small, thus the FM modulated carrier does not faithfully represent m(t). d. b and c are correct Determine the total expenses based on the following data assets 72,000owner's equity 70,000revenues 20,000liabilities 16,000 How do Hobbes and Locke differ in their accounts of human nature? How does this difference influence their conception of the social contract? How does Rawls conception of the social contract ensure justice and fairness? Customer XYZ located in California purchases Adobe Acrobat Pro License from SHI International Corp. SHI receives documentation from Adobe confirming that the customer received the license in the form of remote communication (delivered electronically) and Adobe will not be sending tangible storage media. Is the sales of the license a taxable transaction and why or why not? Record a 5 seconds video which shows whole of the circuit. Set the clock time to 500ms. A quadratic equation has the form of ax+bx+c = 0. This equation has two solutions for the value of x given by the quadratic formula: - b b - 4ac 2a x = Write a function that can find the solutions to a quadratic equation. The input to the function should be the values of coefficients a, b, and c. The outputs should be the two values given by the quadratic formula. You may start your function with the following code chunk:def quadratic (a,b,c): A function that computes the real roots of a quadratic equation : ax ^2+bx+c=0. ***** Apply your function when a,b,c=3,4,-2. Give the name of question4 ) You've processed two samples using an LDPSA and the grain size histograms are below. Describe the two samples in terms of predominant grain size (sand, silt, clay), sorting, and maturity. Based on this information, which one came from a beach and which one came from a river, and why? You wish to make a 0.334M hydrobromic acid solution from a stock solution of 6.00M hydrobromic acid. How much concentrated acid must you add to obtain a total volume of 75.0 mL of the dilute solution? A certain communication channel is characterized by K = 10- attenuation and additive white noise with power-spectral density of Sn (f): = 10-10 W. The message signal that is to be transmitted through this channel is m(t) = 50 Cos(10000nt), and the carrier signal that will be used in each of the modulation schemes below is c(t) = 100 Cos(40000nt). 2 Hz n(t) m(t) x(t) y(t) z(t) m(t) Transmitter Channel with attenuation of K + Receiver a. USSB, that is, x(t) = 100 m(t) Cos(40000nt) - 100 m (t)Sin(40000nt), where m (t) is the Hilbert transform of m(t). i) What is the power of the modulated (transmitted) signal x(t) (Pt) ? (2.5 points). ii) What is the power of the modulated signal at the output of the channel (P), and the bandwidth of the modulated signal ? (2.5 points). iii) What is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of the receiver? (2.5 points). A permeability pumping test was carried out in a confined aquifer with the piezometric level before pumping is 2.19 m. below the ground surface. The aquiclude (impermeable layer) has a thickness of 5.80 m. measured from the ground surface and the confined aquifer is 7.6 m. deep until it reaches the aquiclude (impermeable layer) at the bottom. At a steady pumping rate of 17.8 m/hour the drawdown in the observation wells, were respectively equal to 1.70 m. and 0.43 m. The distances of the observation wells from the center of the test well were 15 m. and 33 m. respectively. Compute the coefficient of permeability in mm/sec. Use 4 decimal places. 31. What's wrong with this model architecture: (6, 13, 1) a. the model has too many layers b. the model has too few layers C. the model should have the same or fewer nodes from one layer to the next d. nothing, looks ok 32. This method to prevent overfitting shrinks weights: a. dropout b. early stopping C. L1 or L2 regularization d. maxpooling 33. This method to prevent overfitting randomly sets weights to 0: a. dropout b. early stopping C. L1 or L2 regularization d. maxpooling 34. Which loss function would you choose for a multiclass classification problem? a. MSE b. MAE C. binary crossentropy d. categorical crossentropy 35. Select ALL that are true. Advantages of CNNs for image data include: a. CNN models are simpler than sequential models b. a pattern learned in one location will be recognized in other locations C. CNNs can learn hierarchical features in data d. none of the above 36. A convolution in CNN: a. happens with maxpooling. b. happens as a filter slides over data c. happens with pooling d. happens with the flatten operation 37. True or false. Maxpooling reduces the dimensions of the data. 38. True or false. LSTM suffers more from the vanishing gradient problem than an RNN 39. True or false. LSTM is simpler than GRU and trains faster. 40. True or false. Embeddings project count or index vectors to higher dimensional floating-point vectors. 41. True or false. The higher the embedding dimension, the less data required to learn the embeddings. 42. True or false. An n-dimensional embedding represents a word in n-dimensional space. 43. True or false. Embeddings are learned by a neural network focused on word context. C) if two individuals are chosen at random from the population, what is the probability that at least one will have some college or a college degree of some sort? Define a function named des Vector that takes a vector of integers as a parameter. Function desVector () modifies the vector parameter by sorting the elements in descending order (highest to lowest). Then write a main program that reads a list of integers from input, stores the integers in a vector, calls des Vector (), and outputs the sorted vector. The first input integer indicates how many numbers are in the list. Ex: If the input is: 5 10 4 39 12 2 the output is: 39,12,10,4,2, Your program must define and call the following function: void desVector(vector& myVec) FORUM DESCRIPTION Discuss the various different methods used around the world for dealing with juveniles. How do these compare to those adopted in the United States? What strategies used in other nations do you think the United States can benefit from? All of the following are typical database files in human resources process except? Select one: O a. payroll O b. Employee O C. Performance Evaluation O d. Applicant Question 1.a) Determine the radial positions of a pitot tube for a 6-point traverse in a 0.3 m inner diameter pipe. Show your calculations.b) If the fluid velocity measured at the pipe center is 0.3 m/s and yields a Reynolds number based on local velocity of 4000, what is the fluid cross-sectional average velocity in the pipe?c) At what value of Re is the discharge coefficient of an orifice meter approximately independent of geometry and flow rate?