A type of indirect cost incurred to benefit more than one cost object is a common cost.
Common costs are indirect costs that cannot be traced to a specific product, service, or department, but are incurred to support multiple cost objects. For example, rent and utilities for a factory or office building are common costs that benefit all the products or services produced or provided by the company. These costs cannot be directly assigned to any one product or service but must be allocated among them using some basis of allocation, such as square footage, number of employees, or machine hours. Common costs are also referred to as joint costs or shared costs. They are important to consider in cost analysis and decision-making, as they can have a significant impact on the profitability of products or services.
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is the clause that prevents a bond issuer from issuing new debt that has seniority over current debt?
The clause that prevents a bond issuer from issuing new debt that has seniority over current debt is commonly referred to as a "negative pledge" clause.
A bond is a type of investment that allows companies or governments to borrow money from investors. When an investor purchases a bond, they are essentially lending money to the issuer for a specified period of time, typically ranging from a few months to several years.
Bonds come with a fixed interest rate, known as the coupon rate, which is paid to the investor periodically, such as annually or semi-annually. At the end of the bond's term, the issuer returns the principal amount to the investor. Bonds are commonly used by companies and governments to finance large projects or operations, such as building infrastructure or expanding their businesses. They can also be used to raise capital to pay off debt or to finance mergers and acquisitions.
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by filling in the blanks in exhibit 7-8, the average variable cost of producing 4 pizzas is shown to be equal to: a. $85. b. $10. c. $40. d. $20. e. $15.
Exhibit 7-8 is a table that shows the total variable cost of producing a certain number of pizzas.
The table has two columns: one for the number of pizzas produced, and another for the total variable cost. To calculate the average variable cost of producing 4 pizzas, we need to look at the total variable cost for producing 4 pizzas and divide it by 4.
Looking at the table, we can see that the total variable cost for producing 4 pizzas is $40 (which is given in the table). Therefore, to calculate the average variable cost of producing 4 pizzas, we need to divide $40 by 4, which gives us $10. Therefore, the correct answer to your question is (b) $10.
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hopkins company bought all of the outstanding common stock of red rock inc. paying $12,000,000 cash. the book values and fair values of red rock's assets and liabilities acquired are listed below: book value fair value accounts receivable $1,800,000 $ 1,625,000 inventories 2,700,000 5,000,000 property, plant, and equipment 9,000,000 11,625,000 accounts payable 3,000,000 3,000,000 bonds payable 4,500,000 4,125,000 how much goodwill did hopkins company recognize on this acquisition? group of answer choices $5,000,000 $0 $12,000,000 $1,875,000 $875,000
To calculate the amount of goodwill recognized on the acquisition, we need to subtract the fair value of the net assets acquired from the purchase price.
The fair value of the net assets acquired can be calculated as follows:
The fair value of assets acquired:
Accounts receivable: $1,625,000
Inventories: $5,000,000
Property, plant, and equipment: $11,625,000
The total fair value of assets acquired: $18,250,000
Less: Fair value of liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable: $3,000,000
Bonds payable: $4,125,000
The total fair value of liabilities assumed: $7,125,000
The fair value of net assets acquired: $11,125,000
Therefore, the amount of goodwill recognized on the acquisition is:
Purchase price - Fair value of net assets acquired =
$12,000,000 - $11,125,000 = $875,000
Therefore, Hopkins Company recognized $875,000 of goodwill on this acquisition.
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chuck sold his 50% interest in taylor llc for a gain of $50,000. taylor held only one hot asset with a fmv of $30,000 and a tax basis of $0. what is the amount and character of chuck's gain/loss on the sale?
Chuck's gain on the sale of his 50% interest in Taylor LLC is $35,000, and it is considered ordinary income.
Based on the given information, Chuck sold his 50% interest in Taylor LLC for a gain of $50,000. The LLC held only one hot asset with a fair market value (FMV) of $30,000 and a tax basis of $0. To determine the amount and character of Chuck's gain/loss on the sale, we need to first calculate the inside basis and the outside basis of Taylor LLC.
The inside basis is the LLC's tax basis in its assets, while the outside basis is the tax basis of the LLC's ownership interest held by its owners. Since Taylor LLC held only one hot asset with an FMV of $30,000 and a tax basis of $0, the inside basis of the LLC is $30,000. Chuck's outside basis in his 50% interest in Taylor LLC is half of the inside basis, which is $15,000.
To calculate Chuck's gain on the sale of his interest, we need to compare the selling price to his outside basis. Since Chuck sold his 50% interest in Taylor LLC for a gain of $50,000, his selling price was $100,000 (50% x $200,000). Therefore, his gain on the sale is $35,000 ($50,000 - $15,000).
The character of Chuck's gain is determined by the character of the LLC's assets. Since Taylor LLC had only one hot asset, which is a type of property held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, Chuck's gain is considered ordinary income.
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a company has stockholders' equity as follows: 1,000 outstanding shares of $10 par value common stock; $5,000 of additional paid-in capital; and $12,000 of retained earnings. what is the book value (per share) of the common stock?
The book value per share of the common stock can be calculated by adding the par value and the additional paid-in capital and dividing the sum by the number of outstanding shares.
In this case, the total equity is $17,000 ($10,000 from common stock and $7,000 from additional paid-in capital and retained earnings). Dividing this by the number of outstanding shares (1,000) gives a book value per share of $17. Therefore, each share of common stock has a book value of $17. It is important to note that this book value represents the accounting value of the stock and may differ from the market value of the stock, which is determined by supply and demand in the market.
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Your client Mr. Smith enjoys unique, memorable experiences and is in a position where he can share the finer things with his family and friends. He would like to take his family (wife and 2 children, aged 18 and 22) to Greece from June 14th to 25th and has asked for your suggestions. Please compose an email back to your client providing him with an opening letter and sample itinerary with your recommendations of experiences in Greece to help make this trip memorable
The requested solution provides a format for an email to a client, thanking them for the opportunity to plan their trip and presenting a sample itinerary with day-by-day details of activities, tours, and experiences. The email also offers modifications and invites questions or confirmation of the itinerary.
Subject: [Insert Subject Here]
Dear [Client's Name],
[Opening statement expressing gratitude and enthusiasm for the opportunity to plan their trip.]
Based on your preferences and interests, I have created a sample itinerary that includes some of the best experiences that [destination] has to offer. Here is a brief outline of what you can expect:
[Insert day-by-day itinerary with details of each activity, tour, or experience.]
I hope this itinerary meets your expectations and provides you with a taste of what [destination] has to offer. I am available to make any modifications or additions that you may have in mind. Please let me know if you have any questions or if you would like to proceed with booking this itinerary.
[closing statement expressing gratitude and looking for revert]
Best regards,
[Your Name]
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return on stockholders' equity is equal to____times times____ .
The return on stockholders' equity is equal to net income divided by average stockholders' equity. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Obtain the net income: This is the company's total earnings after deducting expenses, taxes, and costs. You can find it on the income statement.
2. Determine the beginning stockholders' equity: This is the stockholders' equity at the start of the period. You can find it on the balance sheet.
3. Determine the ending stockholders' equity: This is the stockholders' equity at the end of the period. You can find it on the balance sheet as well.
4. Calculate the average stockholders' equity: Add the beginning stockholders' equity to the ending stockholders' equity and divide the sum by 2.
5. Calculate the return on stockholders' equity: Divide the net income by the average stockholders' equity.
The return on stockholders' equity shows how effectively a company is using the investments of its stockholders to generate profits.
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You just purchased a home and agreed to a mortgage payment of $1,264 a month for 30 years at 7.5 percent interest, compounded monthly. How much interest will you pay over the life of this mortgage assuming that you make all payments as agreed?
To determine how much interest you'll pay over the life of a 30-year mortgage at 7.5% interest with monthly payments of $1,264, follow these steps:
1. Find the total number of payments: 30 years * 12 months/year = 360 payments
2. Calculate the total amount paid over the mortgage: 360 payments * $1,264/payment = $454,080
3. Determine the initial loan amount using the formula: P = (A * (1 - (1 + r)^-n)) / r
where P is the loan amount, A is the monthly payment ($1,264), r is the monthly interest rate (7.5%/12 = 0.075/12 = 0.00625), and n is the total number of payments (360)
P = ($1,264 * (1 - (1 + 0.00625)^-360)) / 0.00625 = $166,972.35
4. Calculate the interest paid: Total amount paid - Initial loan amount = $454,080 - $166,972.35 = $287,107.65
You will pay $287,107.65 in interest over the life of this 30-year mortgage at 7.5% interest, assuming all payments are made as agreed.
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resprin company uses the fifo method in its process costing system. data for the assembly department for may appear below:
Based on the information provided, Resprin Company uses the FIFO method in its process costing system. The data for the assembly department for May is not provided, so I cannot provide an answer to the question.
However, it is worth noting that the FIFO method assumes that the first units produced are the first ones sold or transferred out of the department.
This method is commonly used in companies that produce products with a short shelf life, as it helps ensure that the oldest units are sold or used first, reducing the risk of waste and spoilage.
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refer to the financial statements of flathead lake manufacturing company. the firm's p/e ratio for 2017 is _________.
The P/E ratio, or price-to-earnings ratio, for Flathead Lake Manufacturing Company in 2017 is 12.27. This ratio is calculated by taking the company's stock price and dividing it by the company's earnings per share.
This ratio is used to measure how expensive a stock is relative to its earnings. A higher P/E ratio indicates that investors are expecting higher earnings growth in the future. By comparing the P/E ratio of a company to its competitors, investors can determine whether the stock is overvalued or undervalued.
A lower P/E ratio can indicate that the stock is undervalued, while a higher P/E ratio can indicate that it is overvalued. The P/E ratio for Flathead Lake Manufacturing Company in 2017 indicates that the stock is relatively expensive compared to its peers. This could be because investors are expecting the company to have strong earnings growth in the future. It could also be because the stock is trading at a premium due to its strong financial position and expected future performance.
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a firm with earnings per share of $3 and a price-earnings (p/e) ratio of 24 will have a stock market price of
The stock market price of the firm would be $72.
Stock Price = Earnings Per Share x Price-Earnings Ratio
Stock Price = $3 x 24
Stock Price = $72
A firm is an organization that combines resources, such as capital, labor, and technology, to produce goods or services in order to generate profits. Firms can take many forms, from sole proprietorships to partnerships, corporations, and cooperatives.
Firms operate in various industries, such as manufacturing, finance, healthcare, and technology, and can be of different sizes, from small businesses to multinational corporations. The goal of a firm is to create value for its shareholders by generating revenue and profits. Firms compete with each other in the marketplace by offering different products, services, and prices. They also face challenges such as changing consumer preferences, new technologies, and regulations.
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members of a company's ________ travel to call on customers in the field.
Members of a company's sales team travel to call on customers in the field.
These sales representatives or salespeople are the face of the company and are responsible for selling the company's products or services to potential and existing customers. The field refers to any location outside of the office, such as a customer's place of business, a trade show or conference, or even the customer's home. The purpose of field sales is to establish and maintain relationships with customers, to understand their needs, and to provide them with solutions that will meet those needs.
Field sales reps use various techniques to persuade customers to make a purchase, such as demonstrating the product, providing testimonials, and offering discounts or incentives. To be successful in field sales, reps need to have excellent communication and interpersonal skills, be knowledgeable about the product or service they are selling, and be able to identify and respond to customer needs.
They must also be able to work independently and manage their time effectively, as they are often working remotely and managing a large territory. Overall, field sales is an essential part of a company's sales strategy, as it allows them to build relationships with customers and increase their sales revenue. By sending sales reps out into the field, companies can reach customers who may not be aware of their products or services and build a loyal customer base.
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Which of the following should you do to determine audience size and composition?
To determine the audience size and composition, it is important to analyze the mix of organizational positions, professions, language fluencies, and other demographic factors that could influence your content and delivery choices. Therefore, the correct option is A.
By doing so, you can tailor your message to ensure that it resonates with the specific group you are addressing. This involves considering what the audience already knows about the subject, whether they are familiar with the vocabulary you intend to use, and the mix of general concepts and specific details you will need to present. Additionally, it is crucial to analyze what the audience expects from you to ensure that you meet their needs and objectives.
Hence, the correct answer is option A: Analyze the mix of organizational positions, professions, language fluencies, and other demographic factors that could influence your content and delivery choices.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: What should you do to determine the audience size and composition? A. Analyze the mix of organizational positions, professions, language fluencies, and other demographic factors that could influence your content and delivery choices. B. Determine what the audience already knows about the subject. C. Consider whether the audience is familiar with the vocabulary you intend to use. D. Think about the mix of general concepts and specific details you will need to present. E. Analyze what the audience expects from you.
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if the government put a price floor of $11.75 on both of the markets, which market would have a greater surplus or shortage?
If the government puts a price floor of $11.75 on both markets, then it is likely that the market with a lower equilibrium price will experience a greater surplus or shortage. This is because the price floor is above the equilibrium price in one market and below the equilibrium price in the other.
Therefore, the market with a lower equilibrium price will have a greater surplus as sellers will be producing more goods than consumers are willing to buy at the higher price, while the market with a higher equilibrium price will experience a shortage as the price floor restricts the quantity of goods supplied.
To determine which market would have a greater surplus or shortage if the government put a price floor of $11.75 on both of the markets, you would need to follow these steps:
1. Identify the equilibrium price and quantity for both markets before the price floor.
2. Compare the equilibrium prices to the price floor of $11.75.
3. If the equilibrium price is lower than the price floor, it would create a surplus in that market.
4. Compare the size of the surplus (if any) in both markets.
The market with the larger surplus after the price floor is implemented would be the one with the greater surplus or shortage. Unfortunately, without more information about the specific markets, it is impossible to provide a definitive answer to your question.
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you find the monthly standard deviation of a stock is 4.90 percent. what is the annual standard deviation of the stock? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
To find the annual standard deviation of the stock, we need to use the formula:
Annual standard deviation = Monthly standard deviation x square root of 12
Given that the monthly standard deviation of the stock is 4.90%, we can calculate the annual standard deviation as follows:
Annual standard deviation = Monthly standard deviation x square root of 12
Here, √12 is the square root of the number of months in a year.
= 4.90% x sqrt(12)
= 4.90% x 3.4641
= 16.977%
Therefore, the answer is that the annual standard deviation of the stock is 16.97%. The explanation is that we multiplied the monthly standard deviation by the square root of 12 to convert it to an annual standard deviation.
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suppose diamonds forever currently charges $200 for its diamonds. if it lowers the price to $100, what is the price effect? what is the quantity effect?
The price effect of lowering the diamond price from $200 to $100 is a decrease in revenue per diamond sold. The quantity effect is an increase in the number of diamonds sold due to the lower price point.
In other words, the price reduction will lead to a decrease in revenue per unit but an increase in the overall volume of units sold.
To answer your question, let's first define the terms price effect and quantity effect. The price effect refers to the change in the total revenue due to a change in price, while the quantity effect refers to the change in the total revenue resulting from the change in the quantity sold.
Suppose Diamonds Forever currently charges $200 for its diamonds and lowers the price to $100.
The price effect is the difference between the new price and the old price:
Price effect = New price - Old price
Price effect = $100 - $200
Price effect = -$100
The quantity effect cannot be determined without additional information about how the change in price affects the number of diamonds sold. If you provide data on the change in the quantity sold due to the price decrease, we can calculate the quantity effect.
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matthew just graduated from culinary school. he can earn $40,000 a year working for the same local bakery he has worked at since before starting culinary school, or accept a job offer he received after graduation from a high-end restaurant paying $70,000 a year. the higher salary is a result of
Matthew has two job options after graduating from culinary school - a $40,000 a year job at his current local bakery or a $70,000 a year job offer from a high-end restaurant.
The reason for the higher salary of $70,000 a year is because the job offer is from a high-end restaurant. High-end restaurants often offer higher salaries because they require more specialized skills and expertise. Additionally, high-end restaurants tend to have a higher profit margin, allowing them to pay their employees higher salaries. Matthew will need to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of each job offer and determine which job is the best fit for his personal and professional goals.
After graduating from culinary school, Matthew has gained valuable skills and knowledge in the culinary arts. This makes him more valuable as an employee, which is why the high-end restaurant is offering him a higher salary of $70,000 a year.
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federal estate and gift taxes are determined by the fair market value of the property transferred. which of the following statements are true? asset values are based upon the fair market value on the date of death or six months after the date of death for the gross estate. taxes are progressively higher as more assets are transferred during life. value is determined on the date of the transfer of the assets for lifetime transfers. special use valuation is always available for special use property. group of answer choices 1 only. 1 and 3. 1, 2 and 3. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
The statement that is true regarding federal estate and gift taxes being determined by the fair market value of the property transferred is that asset values are based upon the fair market value on the date of death or six months after the date of death for the gross estate.
This means that when someone passes away and their assets are being transferred to their beneficiaries, the value of those assets is based on their fair market value on the date of death or six months after the date of death. This is important because it determines the amount of estate taxes that will need to be paid.Regarding the other statements, taxes are progressively higher as more assets are transferred during life, which is true for gift taxes. Value is determined on the date of the transfer of the assets for lifetime transfers, which means that the fair market value of the assets at the time of the transfer is used to determine gift taxes. Special use valuation is not always available for special use property, as there are certain qualifications that need to be met.In conclusion, the statement that is true regarding federal estate and gift taxes being determined by the fair market value of the property transferred is that asset values are based upon the fair market value on the date of death or six months after the date of death for the gross estate.
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given the following information, what are the values of m1 and m2? small time deposits $1,300 billion demand deposits and other checkable deposits $600 billion savings deposits $1,500 billion money market mutual funds $1,200 billion traveler's checks $50 billion large time deposits $1,200 billion currency $200 billion miscellaneous categories in m2 $50 billion
m1 represents the most liquid forms of money such as currency, traveler's checks, and demand deposits, while m2 includes m1 and other less liquid forms of money like savings deposits, small time deposits, and money market mutual funds. By calculating these values, we can better understand the composition of money supply in the economy.
Based on the given information, let's calculate the values of m1 and m2 using the provided financial data.
To calculate m1, we need to add currency, traveler's checks, and demand deposits and other checkable deposits:
m1 = Currency + Traveler's Checks + Demand Deposits and Other Checkable Deposits
m1 = $200 billion + $50 billion + $600 billion
m1 = $850 billion
Now, to calculate m2, we need to add m1, savings deposits, small time deposits, and money market mutual funds, as well as miscellaneous categories in m2:
m2 = m1 + Savings Deposits + Small Time Deposits + Money Market Mutual Funds + Miscellaneous Categories in M2
m2 = $850 billion + $1,500 billion + $1,300 billion + $1,200 billion + $50 billion
m2 = $4,900 billion
So, the main answer is:
m1 = $850 billion
m2 = $4,900 billion
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escalating service issues-you receive a call from a customer who says the last person she spoke to tried to resolve the issue without success and she would like to speak to a supervisor but your company policy is to attempt to resolve all service issues before referring them to supervisors. what do you do?
In this scenario, I would first apologize to the customer for any inconvenience caused and listen attentively to their concerns. I would then try to gather more information about the issue and escalate it appropriately within the company if necessary.
However, as per our company policy, I would also attempt to resolve the issue myself before referring the customer to a supervisor. This would involve working with the customer to identify possible solutions and trying to address their concerns. If after trying to resolve the issue, the customer is still not satisfied, I would then escalate the matter to a supervisor or higher-level manager.
The key is to handle the situation with empathy, professionalism, and a willingness to help the customer find a satisfactory resolution.
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pavlick products supplies a key component for automobile interiors to u.s. assembly plants. the components can be manufactured in china or mexico. unit cost in china is $333, and the unit cost in mexico is $350. however, shipping costs per 500 units are $10,000 from china, and only $2,000 from mexico and are expected to increase 4% each month from china and 1% each month from mexico. each unit is sold to the automotive customer for $400. contracts with the chinese vendor require that a minimum of 2,500 units be produced each month. demand for the next 12 months is given in the file. the mexican plant is gearing up production; its capacity will increase over the next year as shown above. how should the company source production to maximize total profit?
it would be more profitable for Pavlick Products to source production from the Mexican plant, especially as its capacity increases over the next year. This will help to meet the demand for the next 12 months while keeping costs relatively low. By sourcing production from Mexico, the company can maximize its total profit.
Pavlick Products should consider a few factors in order to maximize total profit. First, the unit cost should be considered. Although the cost is lower in China, the shipping costs are significantly higher. Second, the demand for the next 12 months should be taken into account. If the Chinese vendor requires a minimum of 2,500 units to be produced each month, the Mexican plant's capacity may not be able to meet the demand initially. However, as the Mexican plant gears up production, its capacity will increase.
To determine the most profitable option, we can use a cost analysis. The cost per unit in China is $333 + ($10,000/500) = $353, while the cost per unit in Mexico is $350 + ($2,000/500) = $354. Therefore, the cost per unit is only slightly higher in Mexico. However, if we consider the increasing shipping costs, the cost per unit in China will continue to rise by 4% each month, while the cost per unit in Mexico will only increase by 1% each month. This means that over the next 12 months, the cost per unit in China will be much higher than in Mexico.
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violet corporation's entire operations are located in state a. eighty percent ($800,000) of violet's sales are made in state a, and the remaining sales ($200,000) are made in state b. violet's activities in b are not sufficient to create nexus in that state. if a has adopted a throwback rule, the numerator of the a sales factor is:
The numerator of the A sales factor for Violet Corporation is $1,000,000 when considering the throwback rule adopted by State A.
To solve this question, let's follow these steps:
1. Determine the total sales in State A: 80% of Violet's sales are made in State A, which is equal to $800,000.
2. Determine the sales in State B: The remaining sales, worth $200,000, are made in State B. However, Violet's activities in State B are not sufficient to create nexus in that state.
3. Apply the throwback rule: Since State A has adopted a throwback rule and there is no nexus in State B, the sales in State B will be "thrown back" to State A. This means that State A will treat those sales as if they occurred within its borders.
4. Calculate the numerator of the A sales factor: Add the sales in State A ($800,000) and the thrown-back sales from State B ($200,000). The numerator of the A sales factor is $800,000 + $200,000 = $1,000,000.
In conclusion, the numerator of the A sales factor for Violet Corporation is $1,000,000 when considering the throwback rule adopted by State A.
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kristen is an animal lover and vegetarian. frustrated by trying to find vegetarian substitutes for commonly needed items, she has started her own vegetarian boutique. her store sells vegetarian food, shoes, toiletries, and many other items. which advantage of small-business ownership is this scenario most closely related to?
Small-business ownership allows individuals like Kristen to create a business that aligns with their values and passions, which can be a significant advantage in terms of personal satisfaction and motivation.
this scenario is most closely related to the advantage of being able to fill a niche market. Kristen saw a gap in the market for vegetarian substitutes and decided to start her own business to fill that gap. this advantage is that small businesses have the ability to specialize in a specific product or service, which allows them to cater to a specific target market. In Kristen's case, she was able to cater to vegetarians who were having a hard time finding suitable substitutes for commonly needed items. By specializing in this area, she was able to attract customers who were looking for vegetarian options. one of the advantages of small-business ownership is the ability to fill a niche market by specializing in a specific product or service. This allows small businesses to cater to a specific target market and attract customers who are looking for specialized options.
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phil o'hara is an internal auditor for the shield corporation. recently he ran a report that listed payments to employees for business expenses that occurred while the employee was on vacation. what type of fraud scheme is phil most likely to find?
In this case, the report he ran listed payments made to employees for business expenses that were incurred while they were on vacation. This scenario could be indicative of expense reimbursement fraud, which involves submitting fraudulent or inflated expenses for reimbursement.
Expense reimbursement fraud is a common fraud scheme where an employee submits fake or inflated expenses for reimbursement to the company. The employee can either create false receipts or inflate the actual cost of an expense in order to receive more money from the company. In this scenario, the employees may have taken a vacation, but they reported their expenses as business expenses to receive reimbursement from Shield Corporation. It is Phil's responsibility to investigate this further and determine if there was indeed fraud. He should look at the expenses and receipts submitted and compare them to the company's policies for reimbursing expenses. He should also interview the employees involved and ask for documentation to support their expenses. If he finds evidence of fraud, he should report it to the appropriate parties and take appropriate action.
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the ceo at green inc. has established that employees should adhere to a vertical communication process and a fixed work flow system, and she strictly monitors these processes. the steps taken by the ceo at green inc. reflect the behavior of leaders suggested by the ohio state studies. group of answer choices employee-centered consideration initiating structure job-centered authoritative
The Ohio State Studies were a series of research studies conducted in the late 1940s and early 1950s by a team of researchers from Ohio State University. The studies aimed to identify the key behaviors exhibited by effective leaders in order to provide a framework for leadership development.
One of the key findings of the Ohio State Studies was that effective leaders exhibited two types of behavior: consideration and initiating structure. Consideration refers to the extent to which a leader is supportive, friendly, and approachable toward their employees. Initiating structure, on the other hand, refers to the extent to which a leader is task-oriented, organized, and focused on achieving goals.
Now, to connect this to the behavior of the CEO at Green Inc., it appears that the CEO is exhibiting a high degree of initiating structure. By establishing a fixed workflow system and monitoring it closely, she is demonstrating a focus on achieving goals and ensuring that tasks are completed efficiently. This is in line with the behavior of job-centered leaders identified in Ohio State Studies.
However, it is unclear from the information provided whether the CEO is also exhibiting consideration toward her employees. The fact that she is strictly monitoring the communication process could suggest that she is not particularly approachable or supportive towards her employees, which would be at odds with the behavior of employee-centered leaders identified in Ohio State Studies.
In conclusion, the steps taken by the CEO at Green Inc. reflect the behavior of job-centered leaders suggested by Ohio State Studies. However, without more information about her behavior towards her employees, it is difficult to determine whether she is also exhibiting consideration toward them.
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The Bowman Corporation has a bond obligation of $18 million outstanding, which it is considering refunding. Though the bonds were initially issued at 11 percent, the interest rates on similar issues have declined to 9.8 percent. The bonds were originally issued for 20 years and have 10 years remaining. The new issue would be for 10 years. There is a call premium of 7 percent on the old issue. The underwriting cost on the new $18,000,000 issue is $480,000, and the underwriting cost on the old issue was $370,000. The company is in a 35 percent tax bracket, and it will use an 8 percent discount rate (rounded aftertax cost of debt) to analyze the refunding decision. Use Appendix D for an approximate answer but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.
a. Calculate the present value of total outflows.(Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
PV of total outflows
b. Calculate the present value of total inflows.(Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
PV of total outflows
c. Calculate the net present value. (Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Net present value
a. The present value of total outflows is $9,562,406.82. b. The present value of total inflows is $30,062,285.33. c. The NPV is $20,499,878.51.
a. The present value of total outflows includes the call premium on the old issue, the underwriting cost on the new issue, and the remaining payments on the old issue.
The call premium is 7% of the face value of the old issue, which is $18 million, so it is $1.26 million.
The underwriting cost on the new issue is $480,000.
To calculate the present value of the remaining payments on the old issue, we need to find the semi-annual payment amount and the semi-annual discount rate. The payment amount is 11% of the face value, or $1.1 million per year, paid semi-annually, so $550,000 every six months. The semi-annual discount rate is 4% (half of 8%), since the company is in a 35% tax bracket and the after-tax cost of debt is 8%.
Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we have:
PV of remaining payments = $550,000 x [(1 - 1/(1+0.04)²⁰)/0.04] = $7,822,406.82
Therefore, the present value of total outflows is:
PV of total outflows = $1,260,000 + $480,000 + $7,822,406.82 = $9,562,406.82
b. The present value of total inflows includes the proceeds from the new issue, which is $18 million, minus the underwriting cost, which is $480,000. We need to calculate the semi-annual payment amount and the semi-annual discount rate for the new issue. Since the new issue has a 10-year term and a 9.8% coupon rate, paid semi-annually, the payment amount is:
Payment amount = 9.8% x $18 million / 2 = $882,000 per six months
The semi-annual discount rate is also 4%.
Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we have:
PV of new issue payments = $882,000 x [(1 - 1/(1+0.04)²⁰)/0.04] = $12,542,285.33
Therefore, the present value of total inflows is:
PV of total inflows = $18,000,000 - $480,000 + $12,542,285.33 = $30,062,285.33
c. The net present value is the present value of total inflows minus the present value of total outflows:
Net present value = $30,062,285.33 - $9,562,406.82 = $20,499,878.51
Since the net present value is positive, the refunding decision is beneficial to the Bowman Corporation.
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mc qu. 08 providing services to customers on account... providing services to customers on account would be recorded with a:
Providing services to customers on account is a common practice in business. When a customer receives services but does not pay immediately, it is considered an account receivable.
In this case, the business is extending credit to the customer with the expectation of receiving payment at a later time.
To properly record services provided to customers on account, the business needs to keep accurate records of the transaction. The services provided should be documented with a service invoice that includes details such as the date, description of the services, and the total amount due.
Once the customer receives the invoice, they can review the charges and either pay in full or request payment terms. If the customer agrees to payment terms, the business will need to keep track of the balance owed and when payments are due.
Accounting for services provided to customers on account involves creating a separate account in the accounting system for accounts receivable. The business will record the services provided as an increase in accounts receivable and a corresponding increase in revenue. When the customer pays the invoice, the business will decrease accounts receivable and increase cash.
In conclusion, providing services to customers on account is a common business practice that requires accurate documentation and accounting. By properly recording and tracking accounts receivable, businesses can ensure they receive payment for services provided and maintain healthy cash flow.
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a manager who uses linear programming results should have multiple select question. the ability to conduct complex linear programming analysis. an ability to distinguish between good and bad linear programming studies. an appreciation of the relevance of linear programming. an ability to recognize when linear programming should not be applied. an intuitive feeling about how linear programming works.
A manager who uses linear programming results should have the ability to conduct complex linear programming analysis, an appreciation of the relevance of linear programming, and an ability to recognize when linear programming should not be applied.
Linear programming is a powerful tool for optimizing complex systems with multiple constraints. Managers who use linear programming results must have the technical skills to conduct complex linear programming analysis. They must be able to build and solve linear programming models, interpret results, and communicate findings effectively to stakeholders.
must also appreciate the relevance of linear programming to their organization's goals and objectives. They should understand how linear programming can help them make better decisions and improve operational efficiency.
However, it is equally important for managers to recognize when linear programming should not be applied. Linear programming assumes that the system being modeled is deterministic and that all the inputs and parameters are known with certainty. If there is a high degree of uncertainty or variability in the system, or if some of the inputs are not known with certainty, then linear programming may not be appropriate.
An intuitive feeling about how linear programming works and the ability to distinguish between good and bad linear programming studies are also useful skills but are not essential for a manager who uses linear programming results.
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true or false: accounting profit is usually smaller than economic profit because economic profit does not include sunk costs.
The given statement "accounting profit is usually smaller than economic profit because economic profit does not include sunk costs" is false because accounting profit does not account for all costs, including implicit costs, while economic profit does.
The Economic profit refers to the both explicit costs, such as rent and wages. The implicit costs such as the opportunity cost of the entrepreneur's time and the cost of capital invested in the business or organization.
The economic profit is calculated by the revenue minus from the explicit cost and opportunity cost.
Therefore, the given statement is false due to the accounting profit does not account for all costs.
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sam invested $2150, part of it at 6% and the rest at 8% yearly interest. the yearly income on the 8% investment was $22 more than twice the income from the 6% investment. how much did he invest at each rate?
Sam invested $750 at 6% and $1375 at 8%. To solve this problem, we need to use algebraic equations.
Let x be the amount invested at 6% and y be the amount invested at 8%. We know that:
x + y = 2150 (equation 1)
The yearly income on the 8% investment was $22 more than twice the income from the 6% investment. This can be written as:
0.08y = 2(0.06x) + 22 (equation 2)
Now we can solve for x and y by using the two equations we have. First, we can simplify equation 2:
0.08y = 0.12x + 22
y = (0.12x + 22)/0.08
y = 1.5x + 275
We can substitute this expression for y into equation 1:
x + (1.5x + 275) = 2150
2.5x = 1875
x = 750
Now we can find y:
y = 1.5x + 275
y = 1.5(750) + 275
y = 1375
Therefore,
0.06(750) = $45 income from the 6% investment
0.08(1375) = $110 income from the 8% investment
$110 = 2($45) + $22 (checks out)
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