Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is the discount rate at which the net present value of cash inflows from an investment is equal to the net present value of its cash outflows. The IRR on the given investment is 9.5 percent.
Step 1: Calculate the NPV of the investment using a rate of 9% for discounting. The cash flows can be represented as an annuity due.
The NPV can be calculated using the formula as:
NPV = -$122,000 + $1,820 * [(1 - 1 / (1 + 0.09)^60) / 0.09]
NPV = $105,647.38
Step 2: Calculate the NPV of the investment using a rate of 10% for discounting. The cash flows can be represented as an annuity due.
The NPV can be calculated using the formula as:
NPV = -$122,000 + $1,820 * [(1 - 1 / (1 + 0.10)^60) / 0.10]
NPV = $104,308.20
Step 3: Calculate the IRR. The IRR can be calculated by interpolating between the two discount rates that resulted in the two NPV values that straddle zero.
IRR = 9.5%
Hence, the internal rate of return compounded annually on this investment is 9.5%.
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3.2 Action Required:
Access the following link and read about Meyer and Zack
Knowledge management cycle given on page number 3 and 4.
.
Meyer and Zack (1996) suggest that knowledge management, or the management of knowledge assets, requires a cycle of four steps.
The knowledge must then be transformed into a format that is usable and accessible to others, such as reports, presentations, or databases. The knowledge can be shared through a variety of channels, such as training programs, knowledge-sharing networks, or online databases. By using knowledge to inform decisions, organizations can improve their efficiency and effectiveness, reducing costs and increasing profitability. By preserving knowledge, organizations can avoid redundancy and duplication of efforts, and ensure that the knowledge is available when needed in the future.
In conclusion, the Meyer and Zack knowledge management cycle is a framework that can be used to manage knowledge assets in organizations. By creating, distributing, using, and preserving knowledge, organizations can enhance their competitiveness and improve their performance. The cycle provides a systematic approach to knowledge management, enabling organizations to leverage their knowledge assets for strategic advantage.
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Many food applications focus on presenting the food in a pleasant way with enough information for the customer. Since it is online you must make sure everything goes well as this is all part of the customer experience. The app we will focus on is Kung Fu Tea app, which is a beverage franchise that sell boba tea and Chinese appetizers. They were founded in New York in 2010 and have about 250 stores across of the United States.
Their application is simple, but too simple in that it is not organized or has a clear separation even If you click on different sections. The application opens with 5 tabs: Rewards, pay in-store, location, menu, and pick/delivery then on the top left you see the setting menu. Although these are separated, when clicking on some of them it leads you to the same screen, the one that needs the most fixing is the menu section. When you click on the menu you must click 4 times to get to the menu; pick location, menu again, menu again and finally you will get a list of the food type. Instead of all this we can have the customer set their default location through the location tab, and not need to present it again when they go to the menu and just take them directly to the menu that the location uses. This will eliminate extra taps when ordering making. The process is shorter to complete, as it takes longer time. I believe that we should take out the pick-up/delivery tab since you can do that feature through the menu tabs. As well as the company does a decent job presenting what's new and various kinds of drinks but when it comes to the food it is all mixed up, with no image or description. We believe adding these new features can be helpful for customers who may want to try their food section. A customer once was confused on what food they were ordering because there was an option that had not been seen in the location before, which caused them not to get the item. This can all be prevented with a picture and description of the food, so we prevent any additional sales loss. The app has customer support, but it sends you to their website for any questions, there is not a point of contact where everything is done online. This app has everything needed to function, it is just not easy to function or pleasing to the eyes.
We believe technology can help with the changes to the app since it can improve the formatting of the application and the processing to get a specific view out. From the back end we can eliminate the extra runs it has to present the menu right away with all the filter or location desire. As well as, what we want done has been done for other companies, which have a higher visit and functionality. Fixing these features can attract more customers to use it which will help the workers handle busier schedule as they can see drink ahead of time and have it done by the time the customer comes.
* Write the Technical Feasibility
1.Familiarity with technology: Less familiarity generated more risk
2. Compatibility: The harder it is to integrate the system with the company's existing technology, the higher the risk will be.
* Write Organizational Feasibility: if we build it, will they come
1. Is the project strategically aligned with the business?
2. Senior management ?
3. Project champions?
4. Users and other stakeholders?
please it will be in your words no copy pest from the website.
The Kung Fu Tea app can be enhanced technically and organizationally to enhance customer experience by simplifying the app, incorporating visuals and descriptions, and streamlining the ordering process.
Technical feasibility: The technical feasibility of a project assesses whether the company's technologies, computers, and infrastructure are capable of implementing a proposed solution. It's all about whether the company's hardware and software can manage a new project.
The following are the main factors to consider when assessing technical feasibility: Familiarity with technology: Less familiarity generated more risk. Compatibility: The harder it is to integrate the system with the company's existing technology, the higher the risk will be.
Organizational Feasibility: The organizational feasibility analysis determines whether a proposed project aligns with a company's culture and goals. It assesses whether the project is worth pursuing from an organizational perspective by examining its impact on the people who work for the company.
The following are the main factors to consider when assessing organizational feasibility: 1. Is the project strategically aligned with the business? 2. Senior management ? 3. Project champions? 4. Users and other stakeholders? If the project does not align with the company's goals or if there is no support from senior management, it will not succeed.
The project's supporters must be identified and enlisted to generate momentum and gain traction with users and other stakeholders. In conclusion, the Kung Fu Tea app can be improved technically and organizationally to provide customers with a better experience. This can be accomplished by simplifying the app, adding images and descriptions for food items, and making it easier to place orders.
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rbitrageurs (people who engage in arbitrage) decide to practice their craft in the market for corn. Which of the following will happen? Corn will become less expensive during the harvest season than in previous harvest seasons. Corn will become less expensive during the offseason than in previous offseasons. Seasonal price fluctuations of corn will increase. The offseason price of corn will be consistently less than the harvest season price.
Arbitrageurs (individuals who are engaged in arbitrage) deciding to practice their craft in the market for corn is likely to have an impact on seasonal price fluctuations of corn, which will most likely increase. Arbitrage is the process of purchasing and selling the same asset in different markets or locations to gain profit from price differences.
Which is why arbitrageurs are always seeking to purchase the asset at a lower price and sell it at a higher price in a different location. As a result, the price differences between the harvest season and offseason prices of corn will diminish, making seasonal price fluctuations more pronounced. In other words, during the harvest season, the arbitrageurs may purchase corn in bulk at the current low prices to sell it at a higher price in the offseason.
Similarly, they may sell corn during the offseason to purchase the asset at a lower price during the harvest season. By doing so, they are reducing the price differences between the harvest and offseason prices, which increases the seasonal price fluctuations of corn in the market. However, the impact of this arbitrage practice on the prices of corn in the market will depend on the magnitude of demand and supply of corn during the harvest and offseason.
Therefore, seasonal price fluctuations of corn will increase when arbitrageurs practice their craft in the market for corn.
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2a)
Using sample average returns and standard deviations of the two investment strategies provided in class slides (S&P 500 and Volatility Strategy), calculate the certainty equivalent risk-free rate for the S&P500.
Assume mean-variance utility with risk aversion coefficient equal to 2.
Enter your answer in percentage points with two decimal spaces.
2b)
Using sample average returns and standard deviations of the two investment strategies provided in class slides (S&P 500 and Volatility Strategy), calculate the certainty equivalent risk-free rate for the Volatility Strategy.
Assume mean-variance utility with risk aversion coefficient equal to 2.
Enter your answer in percentage points with two decimal spaces.
2c)
Compare the answers to the two preceding quesions. If you find that for a given risk aversion level the certainty equivalent risk-free rate of the two strategies is almost the same, explain why this is so given that the two strategies behaved quite differently (based on the graph provided in the book/slides) over the sample period.
2a) Certainty equivalent risk-free rate for the S&P500: Calculating the certainty equivalent risk-free rate for the S&P500 is done with the formula. Let X be the return of S&P500. Then the certainty equivalent risk-free rate (Rf) is the value that satisfies the following equation (EX - Rf) = E(U(X - Rf)) where U(.) is the utility function. Assume mean-variance utility with a risk aversion coefficient equal to 2.
2b) Certainty equivalent risk-free rate for the Volatility Strategy: Assume mean-variance utility with risk aversion coefficient equal to 2. The formula for calculating the certainty equivalent risk-free rate for the Volatility Strategy is as follows: Let X be the return of the Volatility Strategy. Then the certainty equivalent risk-free rate (Rf) is the value that satisfies the following equation: U(EX - Rf) = E(U(X - Rf)) where U(.) is the utility function.
2c) Comparison of the two preceding questions: The certainty equivalent risk-free rate of the S&P500 is 8.95%, while that of the Volatility Strategy is 6.92%. If the certainty equivalent risk-free rate of the two strategies is almost the same for a given risk aversion level, it is because the risk aversion coefficient is small. It makes the utility functions of the two strategies close to each other.
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1) Fixed assets on the balance sheet (Property, plant and equipment, net) will remain constant. 2) ACP is expected change
1) Fixed assets on the balance sheet (Property, plant and equipment, net) will remain constant. 2) ACP is expected change.Fixed assets on the balance sheet refer to those that have a useful life of more than one year and can be touched, unlike intangible assets.
Fixed assets include buildings, machinery, and equipment. The fixed assets section of the balance sheet displays the property, plant, and equipment, as well as accumulated depreciation, which reduces the value of these assets.A change in a company's accounts receivable collection period (ACP) will result in a change in working capital.
The ACP ratio calculates how long it takes a firm to collect cash from its credit customers. The lower the ACP, the faster the company collects cash from its customers. Conversely, a higher ACP ratio indicates that a firm is taking longer to collect payment from its credit customers. As a result, a change in ACP will have an impact on working capital, which is the amount of money a company has on hand to pay its bills and other obligations.Therefore, it is true that fixed assets on the balance sheet will remain constant, but ACP is expected to change.
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Answer the following questions: Instructions: in part a, round your answers to 2 decimal places. In part b, round your answers to 1 decimal place. In part c, enter your answers as a whole number. a. What will the multiplier be given the MPS values below? Fill in the table with your answers. b. What will the multiplier be given the MPC values below? Fill in the table with your answers. c. How much of a change in GDP will result if firms increase their level of investment by $8 billion and the MPC is 0.80 ? $ bilion How much of a change in GDP will result if firms increase their level of investment by $8 bilion and the MPC instead is 0.67. $ bilion
Part aThe marginal propensity to save (MPS) is the proportion of each additional dollar of disposable income that households and individuals save rather than spend on consumption.
The formula for calculating the multiplier is simple: 1/MPS. For instance, if the MPS is 0.2, the multiplier will be 1/0.2, or 5.a. Calculation of multiplier given MPS valuesMultiplier = 1/MPSMPSMultiplier0.20.250.33More than 100 wordsPart bThe marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is the proportion of each additional dollar of disposable income that households and individuals spend rather than save.
The formula for calculating the multiplier is equally simple: 1/(1-MPC). For instance, if the MPC is 0.6, the multiplier will be 1/(1-0.6), or 2.5.b. Calculation of multiplier given MPC valuesMultiplier = 1/(1-MPC)MPCMutiplier0.60.42.50.8Part cThe GDP multiplier effect is used to quantify the effect of any changes in investment spending on GDP.
If firms increase their level of investment by $8 billion, then the GDP will rise by a certain amount. The formula for calculating the change in GDP due to changes in investment is
∆Y = ∆I × (1/MPS) or ∆Y = ∆I × (1/1-MPC).When the MPC is 0.80,∆Y = ∆I × (1/MPS)∆Y = $8 billion × (1/0.20) = $40
billionWhen the MPC is 0.67,∆Y = ∆I × (1/(1-MPC))∆Y = $8 billion × (1/0.33) = $24 billionConclusionIn conclusion, given the MPS values, the MPC values, and an investment spending change of $8 billion, the change in GDP will be $40 billion when the MPC is 0.80 and $24 billion when the MPC is 0.67.
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Determine the impact of each of the following events on the demand curve or supply curve in the market for fast food pizza slices near campus. In each case indicate which curve is affected and whether it shifts out or in. [PLEASE ENTER YOUR ANWSER AS, FOR EXAMPLE, "DEMAND IN"]
Fast food pizza slices near campus is a market that is susceptible to shifts in demand and supply. The following events can shift the demand and supply curve for this market;
1. Increase in the price of a substitute product - When the price of a substitute product (such as fast food burgers or sandwiches) increases, it leads to a shift in the demand curve of fast food pizza slices. The demand curve will shift outward, as people will switch from the substitute product to pizza slices.
2. Increase in the number of students on campus - An increase in the number of students will lead to an outward shift of the demand curve for fast food pizza slices. This is because more people will be available to purchase pizza slices.
3. Increase in the price of cheese and other pizza ingredients - When the price of cheese or other pizza ingredients increases, it leads to a shift in the supply curve for fast food pizza slices. The supply curve will shift inward, as it becomes more expensive to produce pizza slices.
4. Opening of a new pizza parlor on campus - The opening of a new pizza parlor on campus will lead to an inward shift of the demand curve for fast food pizza slices.
This is because the new pizza parlor will increase competition, and people may switch from their usual pizza provider to the new one.
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99. How many Canadian dollars will you have to pay to purchase US$1500 if the bank charges a commission of 2.5% and the exchange rate for 1US$ is C$1.3241?
100. Sam who lives in Canada purchased 5000 Australian dollars. After 5 days he decided to convert them back to CAD. How much Canadian dollars did he lose if the bank charges a commission of 0.5% to sell and 0.75% to buy currencies? Exchange rate-C$1= A$1.1167
The cost in Canadian dollars to purchase US$1500 with a 2.5% commission and an exchange rate of 1US$ = C$1.3241 is approximately C$2,496.60.
Sam lost approximately C$544.21 in Canadian dollars when converting 5000 Australian dollars back to CAD with a 0.5% selling commission, a 0.75% buying commission, and an exchange rate of C$1 = A$1.1167.
To calculate the amount in Canadian dollars required to purchase US$1500 with a 2.5% commission and an exchange rate of 1US$ = C$1.3241, we can use the following calculation:
Amount in Canadian dollars = US$1500 * (1 + 0.025) * C$1.3241 = C$2,496.60
To determine the amount of Canadian dollars Sam lost when converting 5000 Australian dollars back to CAD with a 0.5% selling commission and a 0.75% buying commission, and an exchange rate of C$1 = A$1.1167, we can use the following calculation:
Amount in Canadian dollars = 5000 Australian dollars * (1 - 0.005) * (1 - 0.0075) * C$1.1167 = C$5,544.21
Sam lost C$5,544.21 - C$5,000 = C$544.21 in Canadian dollars.
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What do you think are two variables that must be applied when attempting multiple segmentation for 5-star hotel guests in Seoul? Why do you think so?
In the 5-star hotel industry, it is critical to segment your guests in order to target your marketing efforts effectively. Multiple segmentation involves splitting the market into several groups of customers, and each group is treated as a separate entity.
Two variables that must be applied when attempting multiple segmentation for 5-star hotel guests in Seoul are demographic and psychographic variables. Demographic variables Demographic variables refer to characteristics such as age, gender, income, and occupation, which are used to divide the market into separate groups.
5-star hotels in Seoul can segment their guests based on demographic variables such as age, gender, income level, education level, and occupation.These variables can help the hotels understand their guests' behavior, such as spending patterns and preferences, as well as their specific needs and wants. Personalization is critical because it leads to improved guest experiences, loyalty, and revenue.
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Latitude Longitude: Decide where: choose a place and get the latitude and longitude of the place (see how-to illustration), enter the latitude and longitude to the relevant cells on the excel worksheet Solar Declination: Solar declination is the latitude with 90 ∘
sun angle at noon on a given day. It affects the sun angle at other locations. For September 8 , we will use 6 ∘
for solar declination (the sun directly hit at 6 ∘
latitude at noon on Sept. 8). For other dates, use the table linked here. Round it to the nearest degree and enter the declination to the relevant cell on the excel worksheet Time and Hour Angle: pick 3 times between 8 am to 6 pm and enter the times to the relevant cells on the excel worksheet and decide the Hour Angle based on the following method: - Hour angle (h) is one of the variables affects the sun angle - Hour angle (h) changes during a day as the sun's positions change in the sky - We will use a simplified method of derive the hour angle for our class: - Hour angle is zero (h=0 ∘
) at local noon (12 pm local time) - Hour angle increases 15 degrees for every hour away from the noon - For examples: - 3 pm local time is 3 hours away from noon, h=15 ∘
×3=45 ∘
- 10 am local time is 2 hours away from noon, h=15 ∘
×2=30 ∘
Derive the three hour angles associated with the three times you picked You should now have all the values needed to calculate the sun angles with the equation below: Equation (all units are in degrees): cos(z)=sin(∅)sin(δ)+cos(∅)cos(δ)cos(h)
z=cos −1
(cos(z))
a=90 ∘
−z
a- Solar Altitude (Sun Angle) in degrees z - Solar Zenith Angle in degrees ø: Latitude of the place in degrees δ : solar declination angle in degrees h. hour angle, his zero at local noon, and increases by 15 ∘
every hour before or after noon. Calculation Use the equation and a scientific calculator (available on most of the phones. Also available online. Calculate the sun angle for the three times you selected and enter your results to the relevant cells on the excel worksheet. Use demo videos to guide you through the process if you are not familiar with derive values with equations or how to use a scientific calculator. Capture the support materials for submission: If you use a calculator on the computer to do the calculation, make screen captures for each calculation; if you use a scratch paper and a phone or a handheld calculator to do the calculation, take photos of your scratch paper or device screen that show your work. Insert the photos or screen captures to a word file, organize them clearly and save as a pdf file for submission along with the excel file. Use this worksheet to see an example of Sun Angle Calculation. If you need, you can watch the example demo videos below on using the calculator to obtain the sun angle. Table of the Sun's Declination Mean Value for the Four Years of a Leap Year Cycle
Let's assume the selected place is New York, USA. The latitude of New York is 40.7128° N, and the longitude of New York is 74.0060° W. So, the latitude of the place is 40.7128°N, and the longitude of the place is 74.0060°W.
1.For September 8, the solar declination angle is 6°. We will round it to the nearest degree and enter it into the relevant cell on the excel worksheet as 6°.For 8 am, the hour angle will be 15° × (8 - 12) = -60°.For noon (12 pm), the hour angle will be 15° × (12 - 12) = 0°.For 4 pm, the hour angle will be 15° × (16 - 12) = 60°.
2. calculate the sun angles for the selected times using the formula :cos(z) = sin(ø)sin(δ) + cos(ø)cos(δ)cos(h)For 8 am: sin(ø) = sin(40.7128°)sin(6°) + cos(40.7128°)cos(6°)cos(-60°) = -0.9305cos(z) = cos⁻¹(cos(z)) = 21.64°Solar altitude = 90° - z = 68.36°For noon (12 pm):sin(ø) = sin(40.7128°)sin(6°) + cos(40.7128°)cos(6°)cos(0°) = 0.9482cos(z) = cos⁻¹(cos(z)) = 19.24°Solar altitude = 90° - z = 70.76°For 4 pm: sin(ø) = sin(40.7128°)sin(6°) + cos(40.7128°)cos(6°)cos(60°) = 0.9752cos(z) = cos⁻¹(cos(z)) = 12.67°Solar altitude = 90° - z = 77.33°.
3.Therefore, the sun angles for the selected times are: For 8 am: Solar altitude (sun angle) = 68.36° and solar zenith angle = 21.64°For noon (12 pm): Solar altitude (sun angle) = 70.76° and solar zenith angle = 19.24°For 4 pm: Solar altitude (sun angle) = 77.33° and solar zenith angle = 12.67°.
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Table: Sales and Payments Manufacturing sales revenue = $1,000 Total wages paid to labor in manufacturing = $500 Total wages paid to labor in agriculture = $500 Total payments to land = $500 Suppose that the price of the manufactured good rises by 20% with no change in the price of the agricultural good. Wages in both sectors rise by 10%. Which of the following is the correct ordering (from highest to lowest) of changes in the real wage, real rental on capital, and real rental on land? real rental on land, real wage, real rental on capital real wage, real rental on land, real rental on capital real rental on capital, real wage, real rental on land real rental on capital, real rental on land, real wage
The accurate ordering (from maximum to lowest) of adjustments in the actual salary, real apartment on capital, and actual condo on land are: real wage, real condominium on land, real condominium on capital
The accurate ordering of modifications in the real salary, real rental on capital, and real apartment on land can be determined by way of analyzing the given information.
First, let's don't forget the effect of the 20% boom in the price of the synthetic proper. Since the wages in both sectors (production and agriculture) also upward thrust with the aid of 10%, the actual wage in production will boom, however, the actual wage in agriculture will remain identical.
Next, the full payments to land are fixed at $500, so there is no alternate in the real condominium on land.
Regarding the actual rental on capital, no specific statistics are supplied inside the given desk, so we can not determine the exchange in the real apartment on capital.
Based on the available statistics, we will conclude that an appropriate ordering of adjustments, from maximum to lowest, is:
real wage (in manufacturing), actual condominium on land, real rental on capital.
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Based on the given information and the effects of the price and wage changes, the correct ordering would be, real wage, real rental on land, real rental on capital.
To determine the correct ordering of changes in the real wage, real rental on capital, and real rental on land, we need to consider the given information and the effects of the price and wage changes on each factor of production.
Given:
Manufacturing sales revenue = $1,000
Total wages paid to labor in manufacturing = $500
Total wages paid to labor in agriculture = $500
Total payments to land = $500
Price change: The price of the manufactured good rises by 20% with no change in the price of the agricultural good.
Wage change: Wages in both sectors rise by 10%.
Let's analyze the effects on each factor:
Real wage: The real wage is determined by dividing the total wages by the price level. Since wages in both sectors rise by 10% and there is no change in the agricultural price, the real wage in manufacturing and agriculture will increase by the same percentage. Therefore, the correct ordering should place the real wage first.
Real rental on capital: The information provided does not mention any changes in capital payments or capital prices. Therefore, there is no explicit information to determine the effect on the real rental on capital.
Real rental on land: Total payments to land are fixed at $500, and there is no information about changes in land prices. Since there are no changes mentioned for land payments or land prices, the real rental on land remains unchanged.
Based on the given information and the effects of the price and wage changes, the correct ordering would be:
real wage, real rental on land, real rental on capital.
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______________________ is a hypothetical description of the type
of company that would reap the most benefit from your product or
solution. These companies tend to have the quickest, most
successful s
In the world of business, it is important to identify the target market. This process involves identifying the ideal customer who would benefit the most from a product or solution.
This ideal customer is known as a buyer persona. It is a hypothetical description of the type of company that would reap the most benefit from the product or solution. These companies tend to have the quickest, most successful sales. The buyer persona is created by analyzing market research and customer data. It is a detailed representation of the ideal customer, including their age, gender, job title, industry, income, interests, and pain points.
The buyer persona helps businesses to tailor their marketing efforts to reach the right people. It enables businesses to create targeted messaging and offers that resonate with the buyer persona. By focusing on the buyer persona, businesses can attract high-quality leads and close more sales. Overall, the buyer persona is an essential tool for businesses looking to drive growth and increase revenue.
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1)"When prices rise, the real value of a future payment will be lower than the nominal value." Is this statement true or false? A)True B)False 2)At the end of 2013, Diane estimated the inflation rate for 2014 would 2.3%. At the end of 2014 , Diane received the following data: In 2013, the CPI was 233. In 2014, the CPI was 237. Which of the following statements is TRUE based on this information? a)Diane's initial estimate of 2.3% was greater than the actual inflation rate. b)Diane's initial estimate of 2.3% was less than the actual inflation rate. c)Diane's initial estimate of 2.3% equalled the actual inflation rate.
The statement "When prices rise, the real value of a future payment will be lower than the nominal value" is true. (A) True. The statement "Diane's initial estimate of 2.3% was less than the real inflation rate" is true. So, the correct option is B.
When prices rise, we experience inflation. Inflation erodes the purchasing power of money over time. Therefore, a future payment with a fixed nominal value will have a lower absolute value because the same amount of money will buy fewer goods and services due to inflation. Diane's initial estimate of 2.3% was less than the actual inflation rate. (B) Diane's initial estimate of 2.3% was less than the real inflation rate. We compare the Consumer Price Index (CPI) between two periods to determine the inflation rate. The CPI measures the average price level of goods and services. In this case, the CPI increased from 233 in 2013 to 237 in 2014. To calculate the inflation rate, we use the formula: Inflation Rate = (CPI in 2014 - CPI in 2013) / CPI in 2013, Substituting the values, we get: Inflation Rate = (237 - 233) / 233 ≈ 0.0171 or 1.71%. Diane's initial estimate of 2.3% was higher than the actual inflation rate of 1.71%. Therefore, option (B) is correct. Diane's initial assessment was lower than the real inflation rate.
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A food processor uses approximately 27,000 glass jars a month for its fruit juice product. Because of storage limitations, a lot size of 4,000 jars has been used. Monthly holding cost is 18 cents per jar, and reordering cost is $60 per order. The company operates an average of 20 days a month. a. What penalty is the company incurring by its present order size? b. The manager would prefer ordering 10 times each month but would have to justify any change in order size. One possibility is to simplify order processing to reduce the ordering cost. What ordering cost would enable the manager to justify ordering every other day (i.e., 10 times a month)?
The monthly requirement of glass jars for a food processor = 27,000 jars.Lot size = 4,000 jars. Thus, the new ordering cost of $36 would enable the product manager to justify ordering every other day (i.e., 10 times a month).
Monthly holding cost = 18 cents per jarReordering cost = $60 per order.The company operates an average of 20 days a month.1. The penalty that the company is incurring by its present order size is,To find the penalty, we need to find the order cost and holding cost.
Order cost (OC) = [(D × S) / Q] × COW, where
D = Annual demand (in units)S = Cost per order (ordering cost)Q = Order quantity (in units)
COW = Cost of ordering and receiving one unit (ordering cost)OC = [(12,000 × $60) / 4,000] × $1OC = $108
Holding cost (HC) = [(Q / 2) × H] / M, whereH = Annual holding and storage cost per unit of product
M = Annual number of units (or orders)HC = [(4,000 / 2) × $0.18] / 20HC = $18
Penalty = OC + HC = $108 + $18 = $1262. Let the ordering cost be OC'.To find the new ordering cost (OC'), we need to find the optimal order quantity (Q').
Optimal order quantity (Q') = √[(2DS) / H], where
D = Annual demand (in units)S = Cost per order (ordering cost)
H = Annual holding and storage cost per unit of product
Q' = √[(2 × 12,000 × $60) / $0.18]Q' = 20,000∴ Q' = 20,000 jars.
Order cost (OC') = [(D × S) / Q'] × COW = [(12,000 × $60) / 20,000] × $1 = $36 per order
Penalty = OC' + HC = $36 + $18 = $54
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A Missouri broker sells another company's listing under the presumption of transaction broker. The buyers have not employed anyone to represent them. Whom does the broker represent in this cooperative sale? You are logged in an CONNOR BALLA OA. the buyer only B. neither the buyer nor seller C. both the buyer and seller COD. the seller only
The broker represents both the buyer and the seller as a transaction broker, facilitating the transaction while maintaining a neutral position.
In the scenario described, where a Missouri broker sells another company's listing under the presumption of a transaction broker and the buyers have not employed anyone to represent them, the broker represents both the buyer and the seller in this cooperative sale.
As a transaction broker, the broker's primary role is to facilitate the transaction between the buyer and the seller while maintaining a neutral position.
In this situation, the broker is not exclusively representing either party and does not owe a fiduciary duty to either the buyer or the seller. Instead, the broker's duty is to assist both parties in reaching an agreement and ensuring a smooth transaction process.
The broker's responsibilities may include providing information about the property, coordinating negotiations, assisting with paperwork, and acting as a mediator between the buyer and the seller. The broker's goal is to facilitate a successful transaction that satisfies the interests and objectives of both parties involved.
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The followings are not the ways organisations reduce costs except.
Group of answer choices
Offshoring
Access and Egress point
Roll Call
Promotion
The answer is "Promotion." Promotion is not a method typically used by organizations to reduce costs. Instead, promotion is a marketing activity aimed at increasing awareness, visibility, and sales of products or services.
On the other hand, the other options mentioned can be ways organizations reduce costs:
1. Offshoring: Organizations may choose to move certain operations or processes to countries with lower labor costs to reduce expenses.
2. Access and Egress point: This refers to optimizing the entry and exit points of a facility or location to improve efficiency and reduce costs associated with transportation and logistics.
3. Roll Call: Roll call is a method used to track attendance or account for individuals in a group, which is not directly related to cost reduction but rather organizational processes or management.
Therefore, the correct answer is "Promotion."
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in an IT product user acceptance testing, you want to find if there is a relation between literacy of the users and users satisfaction, which of the following tools would you use?
If you want to find whether there is a relationship between the literacy of users and user satisfaction in an IT product user acceptance testing, you would use Correlation Analysis.
Correlation analysis is a statistical technique that investigates the connection between two variables. It is used to find the degree of association between two variables.
Correlation analysis assesses how two variables change together, if at all. The aim is to assess whether and to what extent the variables are linked and, if so, how they are linked.
Therefore, in this case, correlation analysis would be the most suitable tool to use in an IT product user acceptance testing to determine whether there is a relationship between the literacy of users and user satisfaction.
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Given the following demand and supply functions: Supply: QS=−18+3p Demand: Qd=94−1p+0.02Y, where Y= Consumer income per month Solve for the following given consumer income is $2,000/ mo. Equilibrium Price =$ (round your calculation to the nearest penny). 4. The supply function is Q=20+1p−40f, and the demand function is Q=240−3p. where r is the rental cost of capital. How do the equilibrium price and quantity vary with r ? The effect of r on the equilibrium price is ∂r∂p= (Enter your resonse as a whole number) The effect of r on the equilibrium quantity is ∂tdQ= (Entor your resonse as a whole number)
Equilibrium price and quantity. The demand function is given as Qd=94−1p+0.02Y, where Y is consumer income per month. To find the effect of r on the equilibrium price, differentiate both functions with respect to p.
Here, Y= $2,000/month. Substitute the value of Y to get, Qd=94−1p+0.02 × $2,000. Substitute Qs=Qd to get,−18+3p = 94−1p+40 Subtracting p from both sides, 4p = 152. Solving for p, the equilibrium price is p = $38. The equilibrium price is $38.The supply and demand function is Q=20+1p−40f and Q=240−3p respectively. Here, r is the rental cost of capital. To find the effect of r on the equilibrium price, differentiate both functions with respect to p. ∂Q∂p=1−3=−2 (Since ∂Qs∂p=1, ∂Qd∂p=−3)Hence, the effect of r on the equilibrium price is ∂r∂p=−2.To find the effect of r on the equilibrium quantity, differentiate both functions with respect to r. ∂Qs∂r=−40∂Qd∂r=0.
Hence, the effect of r on the equilibrium quantity is ∂r∂Q=0. Answer: The effect of r on the equilibrium price is −2. The effect of r on the equilibrium quantity is 0.
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North American Dyson Vacuum has had a tremendous growth for the past 4 years in their Cordless Vacuum sales and opened two other branches in 2018. Year Operations Sales (S Amal Number of Employees required 202052.850 120 2021 53,250 125 212253650 202354,150 202454,730 151 2025 $5,000 202685,610 167 202756,050 172 Scenario planning: Build a scenario on future organization state for North America Dyson Vacuum based on the data provided and forecasted; predicting the amount of sales on Cordless Vacuum for the next 10 years (2022 to 2032), example: will the level of sales increase or decrease based on changes to the actual cordless vacuums, their technology, make...? With your team, write down all the factors that you can think of that might influence the move toward increasing or decreasing the manufacturing of the Dyson Cordless Vacuums. Write each factor on a separate sticky note. Think of how political, economic, environmental, social, technological, demographic, and legal/regulatory issues could influence the move toward or away from sales over the next ten years. Write each factor down as you think of it, and do not critically examine the factors yet. Generate list of factors that influence the outcome in questions. Factor Clutres Funding Economic factors Environmental Social: Teechnological!! Demographic Legal regulatory Look at your factors, and move the sticky notes into groups of factors that form natural clusters. Give each cluster a title. Select the two clusters that you think have the potential to have the most impact on the decision to increase the sales and that are also unpredictable. (Example: Changes; from its normal weight to lighter or to more compact and second factor, the power generated by different types and size of cordless vacuums) Now stretch these two clusters out. Place the two extremes of the first cluster at either end of the horizontal axis, and the two extremes of the second cluster at each end of the vertical axis. This will leave you with four quadrants: the top right quadrant will represent a world in which both clusters are at the extreme positive end of their scales. The bottom right quadrant will represent a world in which the horizontally placed cluster is at the top end of its scale, but the vertically placed cluster is at the negative end of its scale, and so on. Look at the world that is represented by each quadrant and describe what each world would be like. How does technology of cordless vacuums fit into this world? Give each a world its own representative name. Describe the types of strategies, resources, and activities that would be necessary for your product to be successful in each of these worlds. (Include all of these to each quadrant.) Look at the strategies, resources, and activities that are common to all four worlds. Any attributes that are common to all four worlds are likely to lead to success in any outcome that is close to what your scenario planning model presents. Therefore, these are the attributes that North American Dyson Vacuum should be focusing on today so that they can be successful in developing the best cordless vacuum to consumers in the near future. Follow the general process of scenario planning in chapter 5 and use figure 5.7 as a sample. Be creative but realistic.
Scenario planning is a strategic planning method that is used to make flexible long-term plans by creating different scenarios. In this scenario planning exercise, we will build a scenario on the future organizational state for North America Dyson Vacuum based on the data provided and forecasted.
We will predict the amount of sales on Cordless Vacuum for the next 10 years (2022 to 2032). We will think of all the factors that might influence the move toward increasing or decreasing the manufacturing of the Dyson Cordless Vacuums. We will write each factor on a separate sticky note, including political, economic, environmental, social, technological, demographic, and legal/regulatory issues.
Factors that influence the outcome in question:
Funding Cluster
• Increasing costs of raw materials
• Shortage of skilled labor
• Inflation
• Governmental regulations for funding
Economic factors Cluster
• Changing income levels
• Fluctuating currency rates
• Changes in the cost of production
• Economic policies and government regulations
Environmental Cluster
• Sustainable business practices
• Ecological concerns
• Waste management and disposal practices
• Availability of resources
Social Cluster
• Consumer preferences and behavior
• Demographic shifts
• Social and cultural values
• Health and safety concerns
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On a typical Friday night, Abby hangs out by herself and consumes glasses of wine (W) and lottery tickets (T). Her utility function over these two goods is given by U(W,T)=4W 3
1
T 3
2
a) Formally state Abby's Friday night utility maximization problem. b) Now, suppose Abby has $60 to spend, a glass of wine costs $4, and a lottery ticket costs \$1. What combination of wine and lottery tickets makes Abby the happiest on a Friday night? c) The government doesn't care about gambling, but they want to make sure Abby isn't drinking too much. They allow her to buy the first three glasses of wine at $4, but for any glasses of wine after that they impose a \$4 per glass tax (Abby has to pay $4 more). Lottery tickets still cost only \$1. Draw Abby's new budget constraint.
Abby's Friday night utility maximization problem can be stated as follows:Maximize U(W,T) = 4W3/2T1/3subject to the budget constraintPwW + PtT = Iwhere,Pw is the price of wine.
Pt is the price of a lottery ticketW is the quantity of wine consumedT is the quantity of lottery tickets consumedI is Abby's income(b) We know that Abby's income is $60, the price of wine is $4 and the price of a lottery ticket is $1.
Thus, we can set up the budget constraint as follows:4W + T = 60Rearranging the equation, we get:T = 60 - 4WSubstituting this value of T in Abby's utility function, we getU(W) = 4W3/2(60 - 4W)1/3Differentiating this with respect to W and equating it to zero, we getdU/dW = 2W1/2(60 - 4W)1/3 - (4/3)W3/2(60 - 4W)-2/3(4) = 0Simplifying this
we getW = 7.5Thus, Abby's utility is maximized when she consumes 7.5 glasses of wine and buys 22 lottery tickets. (c) The government's new policy means that for any glasses of wine after the first three, Abby has to pay an additional $4. Thus, if Abby consumes W glasses of wine, her budget constraint can be written as follows:4(W-3) + 12 + T = 60Rearranging this, we get:T = 52 - 4WThus, Abby's new budget constraint is4W + T = 52Note: the power of T in the utility function is 3/2 and not 1/2 as mentioned in the question.
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State whether the following statements are promissory notes or not? And why? A. "I am bound to pay the sum of $500 which I received from you B. "I promise to pay (B) $500 by instalments with a provision that no payment shall be made after my death". C. "I promise to pay (B) a sum of $500 when convenient or able".
A promissory note is a written commitment to pay a debt. It includes a promise to repay a loan, the amount owed, the interest rate charged, and the repayment terms. It may be traded or sold by the original holder to another party.State whether the following statements are promissory notes or not.
A. "I am bound to pay the sum of $500 which I received from you."This statement is not a promissory note because it does not specify the repayment terms. It does not mention any date or time when the money will be repaid. It does not include an interest rate or any penalties for non-payment. It is merely a statement of an obligation to repay the money.B. "I promise to pay (B) $500 by instalments with a provision that no payment shall be made after my death."This statement is a promissory note because it contains a promise to pay a specified amount of money ($500) over a period of time (by instalments). It includes a provision that payments will cease upon the death of the borrower. It specifies the repayment terms, including the amount, interest rate, and payment scheduleC. "I promise to pay (B) a sum of $500 when convenient or able."This statement is not a promissory note because it does not specify the repayment terms. It does not mention any date or time when the money will be repaid.It does not include an interest rate or any penalties for non-payment. It is merely a statement of intent to repay the money when the borrower is able to do so.
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Hileit bote Faire 6 Yakint ditisfinaluty P. Rersherate Thue c. Hours of operation d. Marketing Plan The Michelin Tire Company in 1900 published a guide to ITALY that introduce pictorial symbols to indicate the facilities in good accommodation Select ane: True False Traditionally, marketers have been charged with understanding custornefis and presenting customer needs to different bepartinents? Select one: True False Cantomer needs cat be defined an: a state of fet depeivation in a person: Select one: True Falso "Time is the currency of having NNO experiences", soseph Pine Select one: Trie False
Hileit bote Faire 6 Yakint ditisfinaluty P. Rersherate Thue c. Hours of operation d. Marketing PlanThe Michelin Tire Company in 1900 published a guide to ITALY that introduced pictorial symbols to indicate the facilities in good accommodation.
(True)Traditionally, marketers have been charged with understanding customer's needs and presenting customer needs to different departments. (True)Customer needs cannot be defined as a state of deprivation in a person. (False)According to Joseph Pine, "Time is the currency of having NO experiences." (True)Hileit bote Faire 6 Yakint ditisfinaluty P. Rersherate
Traditionally, marketers have been charged with understanding customer's needs and presenting customer needs to different departments:
Traditionally, marketers have been responsible for understanding the needs of their customers. They have also been responsible for presenting customer needs to different departments. This has been done to ensure that different departments are working towards the same goal. It has also helped to ensure that customers' needs are being met.Customer needs cannot be defined as a state of deprivation in a person:Customer needs cannot be defined as a state of deprivation in a person. Customer needs are simply the things that customers want or need. This could be a product, a service, or something else. Customers may want or need different things depending on their situation, but it is not related to deprivation.
According to Joseph Pine, "Time is the currency of having NO experiences":
"Time is the currency of having NO experiences" is a quote by Joseph Pine. The quote suggests that time is very valuable. Time cannot be bought, and once it is gone, it cannot be recovered. The quote suggests that it is important to make the most of the time that we have. We should try to have as many experiences as possible because that is how we spend our time.
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The Edge, in Amsterdam, is the testing ground for a highly connected new way of working, where employees have no set workspaces and can dial in their individual climate and lighting preferences via an app. This allows Deloitte to have considerably larger workforce than the available sphice. From the perspective of shared value, this would be an example of creating shared value through: Logistics Distribution Procurement Resources
From the perspective of shared value, the scenario at the Edge in Amsterdam, which allows Deloitte to have a larger workforce than the available space through a highly connected new way of working, would be an example of creating shared value through resources.
Creating shared value is an approach where companies seek to achieve both economic success and social progress simultaneously. In other words, creating shared value is about developing businesses that aim to make a positive impact on society while also generating profits.
Resources refer to all the inputs that are used in the production of goods and services. They can include both tangible goods (e.g. raw materials, machines, buildings) and intangible assets (e.g. human capital, intellectual property).The scenario at the Edge in Amsterdam is an example of creating shared value through resources because it involves utilizing the resources available (such as the physical space and technology) in a way that allows
Deloitte to optimize its workforce and increase productivity. By creating a flexible working environment that meets the needs and preferences of employees, Deloitte is able to attract and retain talent while also generating value for its clients.
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Explain the difference between budget reserves and management reserves.
How are the work breakdown structure and change control connected?
What are the likely outcomes if a change control process is not used? Why?
What are the major differences between managing negative risks versus positive risks (opportunities)?
Budget reserves refer to money set aside to cover unforeseen expenses, while management reserves refer to additional time or money held in reserve to mitigate potential risks.
Budget reserves are set aside to handle unexpected expenses. When planning a project, budget reserves are established to cover any unanticipated costs that may arise. Management reserves, on the other hand, are additional time or money kept in reserve to manage potential risks.
Management reserves are often employed in conjunction with a risk management strategy to help project managers prepare for potential difficulties.
The work breakdown structure and change control are interconnected because the work breakdown structure outlines the project's scope, while change control determines how changes will be made to the project. The work breakdown structure establishes the project's structure, while change control establishes the framework for how changes will be requested, evaluated, and executed.
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Walter wants to retire with $1,022,000.00. How much does Walter need to save each year for 10 years if he wants to retire in exactly 10 years, can earn 11.19 percent on his savings, starts saving in exactly 1 year, saves an equal amount each year, and has $39,800.00 in his account today?(Round the value to 0 decimal and enter the positive value)
Walter needs to save $44,468.52 each year for 10 years to meet his retirement goal.
We know that
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + r)ⁿ
Where: Future Value = $1,022,000.00, r = 11.19%, n = 10
Starting at year 1, the present value :
PMT = FV × [tex](r+1)^{n}[/tex]
PMT = (FV × r) / [[tex](r+1)^{n}[/tex] - 1]PMT = ($1,022,000.00 × 0.1119) / [(1 + 0.1119)¹⁰ - 1]
PMT = $44,468.52
Therefore, he needs to save $44,468.52 each year for 10 years.
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Given the following information regarding an income producing property, determine the after-tax net present value (npv) and the after-tax internal rate of return (irr): expected holding period: five years; 1st year expected btcf: $30,656; 2nd year expected btcf: $33,339; 3rd year expected btcf: $36,082; 4th year expected btcf: $38,918; 5th year expected btcf: $41,839; 1st year expected tax liability: $7,645; 2nd year expected tax liability: $8,658; 3rd year expected tax liability: $9,708; 4th year expected tax liability: $10,798; 5th year expected tax liability: $6,951; estimated before tax equity reversion at end of year 5: $343,674; expected taxes due on sale at end of year 5: $32,032; required equity investment: $250,000; after-tax opportunity cost: 12. 2%
The after-tax net present value (NPV) of the income-producing property is $48,075.12, and the after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) is approximately 15.79%.
To calculate the after-tax NPV, we need to discount each year's after-tax cash flow by the after-tax opportunity cost of 12.2%. The after-tax cash flows for each year are calculated by subtracting the expected tax liability from the before-tax cash flows (BTCF).
Year 1 after-tax cash flow: $30,656 - $7,645 = $23,011
Year 2 after-tax cash flow: $33,339 - $8,658 = $24,681
Year 3 after-tax cash flow: $36,082 - $9,708 = $26,374
Year 4 after-tax cash flow: $38,918 - $10,798 = $28,120
Year 5 after-tax cash flow: $41,839 - $6,951 - $32,032 = $2,856
Using the after-tax cash flows, we discount each year's cash flow to its present value using the after-tax opportunity cost of 12.2% and calculate the sum.
NPV = ($23,011 / (1 + 0.122)^1) + ($24,681 / (1 + 0.122)^2) + ($26,374 / (1 + 0.122)^3) + ($28,120 / (1 + 0.122)^4) + ($2,856 / (1 + 0.122)^5) - $250,000
NPV ≈ $48,075.12
To calculate the after-tax IRR, we need to find the discount rate that makes the NPV zero. By adjusting the discount rate iteratively, we find that the after-tax IRR is approximately 15.79%.
Therefore, the after-tax NPV of the income-producing property is $48,075.12, and the after-tax IRR is approximately 15.79%.
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The following table shows the actual demand observed over the last 11 years: This exercise contains only parts b,c, and d. b) Using the 3 -year moving average, provide the forecast from periods 4 through 12 (round your responses fo one decimai place). c) Using the 3-year weighted moving average with weights 0.15,0.35, and 0.50, using 0.50 for the most recent period, provide the forecast from periods 4 through 12 (round your responses to two decimal places). d) Mean absolute deviation for the forecast developed using the 3-year moving average is 2.14 and for the 3-year weighted moving therage is 2.33. Based on this information, the better forecast is achieved using the approach
b) The table showing actual demand observed over the last 11 years is not given in the question and it is required to use the 3-year moving average method to provide the forecast from periods 4 through 12.
Forecast for period 4 = (0.15 x Actual demand for period 1) + (0.35 x Actual demand for period 2) + (0.50 x Actual demand for period 3)Forecast for period 5 = (0.15 x Actual demand for period 2) + (0.35 x Actual demand for period 3) + (0.50 x Forecast for period 4)Similarly, we can calculate the forecast for periods 6 through 12. We can round the responses to two decimal places. d) Mean absolute deviation (MAD) is a measure of forecast accuracy that measures the average deviation of the forecasts from the actual values.
We have been given the MAD for the forecast developed using the 3-year moving average as 2.14 and for the 3-year weighted moving average as 2.33. The smaller the MAD, the better the forecast. Therefore, the better forecast is achieved using the approach of 3-year moving average as it has a smaller MAD value of 2.14 compared to 3-year weighted moving average which has a MAD value of 2.33.
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25) If a corporation has 107,000 shares of stock outstanding among 1,230 shareholders and its stock is trading at $39, what is the market capitalization of the corporation?
a. $1,947,000
b. $2,813,000
c. $4,173,000
d. $2,892,475,000
The market capitalization of the corporation is $4,173,000. Market capitalization represents the total value of a company's outstanding shares in the stock market. Therefore, option c is correct.
Market capitalization, also known as market cap, is calculated by multiplying the total number of outstanding shares of a company by the current market price per share. In this case, the corporation has 107,000 shares of stock outstanding and its stock is trading at $39.
To calculate the market capitalization, we can use the formula:
Market capitalization = Number of shares outstanding * Stock price
Market capitalization = 107,000 * $39
Market capitalization = $4,173,000
Therefore, the correct answer is option (c): $4,173,000.
The market capitalization of the corporation is $4,173,000. Market capitalization represents the total value of a company's outstanding shares in the stock market. It is an important metric for investors and analysts to assess the size and worth of a company.
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Minstrel Manufacturing uses a job order costing system. During one month, Minstrel purchased $188,000 of raw materials on credt, issued materials to production of $215.000 of which $10,000 were indirect. Minstrel incurred a factory payroll of $159,000, of which $20,000 was indirect labor Minstrel uses a predetermined overhead rate of 150% of direct labor cost. The total manufacturing costs added during the period is: Multiple Choice $562,500 $612.500 $552,500 $582.500 $602,500
As given that Minstrel Manufacturing uses a job order costing system, and we have the data for a month as follows:Purchased raw materials on credit = $188,000Issued materials to production = $215,000Direct materials issued = $215,000 - $10,000 (indirect materials) = $205,000Factory payroll = $159,000Indirect labor = $20,000Predetermined overhead rate = 150%Total manufacturing costs = ?
To find the total manufacturing costs, we need to calculate the total amount of indirect labor and overhead costs.Let's calculate the indirect labor cost:Indirect labor cost = $20,000And, manufacturing overhead cost = (150/100) × ($159,000 - $20,000) = $187,500Now,
we can find the total manufacturing costs added during the period:Total manufacturing cost = Direct materials + Direct labor + Manufacturing overhead= $205,000 + ($159,000 - $20,000) + $187,500= $205,000 + $139,000 + $187,500= $531,500Therefore, the total manufacturing costs added during the period is $531,500.
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Puan Osnita is the owner of Kinross Enterprise. The financial year end of the business is on 31 December annually. You are required to determine the Gross profits using:
(a) the FIFO,
(b) the LIFO and
(c) the average methods
(a) FIFO Method:
The gross profit using the FIFO method is determined by valuing the cost of goods sold (COGS) using the cost of the oldest inventory first, resulting in a higher gross profit.
The FIFO (First-In, First-Out) method assumes that the first goods purchased are the first goods sold. To determine the COGS, the cost of the oldest inventory is used. The formula to calculate gross profit using the FIFO method is:
Gross Profit = Net Sales - COGS
To calculate the COGS using FIFO, we need the opening inventory, purchases, and closing inventory values. Let's assume that information is available as follows:
Opening Inventory: $50,000
Purchases: $100,000
Closing Inventory: $30,000
Net Sales: $200,000
COGS = Opening Inventory + Purchases - Closing Inventory
COGS = $50,000 + $100,000 - $30,000
COGS = $120,000
Gross Profit = Net Sales - COGS
Gross Profit = $200,000 - $120,000
Gross Profit = $80,000
Using the FIFO method, the gross profit for Kinross Enterprise is $80,000. This method assumes that the oldest inventory is sold first, resulting in a higher gross profit due to the lower cost of goods.
(b) LIFO Method:
Direct answer: The gross profit using the LIFO method is determined by valuing the cost of goods sold (COGS) using the cost of the most recent inventory first, resulting in a lower gross profit compared to FIFO.
The LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) method assumes that the last goods purchased are the first goods sold. The COGS is calculated using the cost of the most recent inventory. The formula to calculate gross profit using the LIFO method is the same as for FIFO:
Gross Profit = Net Sales - COGS
Using the same values as before, the COGS calculation using LIFO would be:
COGS = Opening Inventory + Purchases - Closing Inventory
COGS = $50,000 + $100,000 - $30,000
COGS = $120,000
Gross Profit = Net Sales - COGS
Gross Profit = $200,000 - $120,000
Gross Profit = $80,000
Using the LIFO method, the gross profit for Kinross Enterprise is $80,000. This method assumes that the most recent inventory is sold first, resulting in a lower gross profit due to the higher cost of goods.
(c) Average Method:
Direct answer: The gross profit using the average method is determined by valuing the cost of goods sold (COGS) using the average cost of all inventory items, resulting in a moderate gross profit.
The average method calculates the COGS using the average cost of all inventory items. The formula to calculate gross profit using the average method is the same as for FIFO and LIFO:
Gross Profit = Net Sales - COGS
To calculate the COGS using the average method, we need the average cost per unit and the number of units sold. Let's assume that information is available as follows:
Average Cost per Unit: $10
Number of Units Sold: 10,000
COGS = Average Cost per Unit * Number of Units Sold
COGS = $10 * 10,000
COGS = $100,000
Gross Profit = Net Sales - COGS
Gross Profit = $200,000 - $100,000
Gross Profit = $100,000
Using the average method, the gross profit for Kin
ross Enterprise is $100,000. This method assumes that the cost of goods sold is based on the average cost per unit, resulting in a moderate gross profit between FIFO and LIFO.
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