A mutation that affects only the DNA sequence and not the amino acid sequence is known as a silent mutation. Introns, which are spliced off prior to translation, are susceptible to silent mutations.
Several mutagens, or compounds that alter the DNA sequence, can generate silent mutations, Mutations are caused by living things or processes that support life. For example, certain viruses insert copies of their genetic code into the DNA of their hosts. Silent mutations are typically not the outcome of such extensive change.
Chemical mutagens are chemicals that interact with DNA to chemically change the nucleotides.
Base analogues are substances that resemble nucleotide bases structurally. These may result in base-pair mismatches that are integrated into the DNA sequence of the mutation, leading to silent (and other) mutations.
High-energy radiation that physically alters or breaks the DNA strand is known as a physical mutagen.
Thymine dimers, which are created by UV exposure, disrupt DNA replication and cause further errors. Silent mutations are not usually produced by this.
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2. Even though it has a much lower temperature, why does a warm pool have more thermal energy (heat)
than a cup of boiling water?
At 0°C and 100°C, respectively, on the Celsius scale, water freezes. A lot more water is present in the swimming pool, though. In spite of the fact that the tea is hotter than the pool's water, the pool has more thermal energy than the tea does.
Thermal energy, expressed in joules or J, is the measure of how much heat a thing has.
Temperature: An object's temperature, expressed in Celsius degrees, refers to how hot or cold it is. However, the swimming pool has a greater thermal energy storage capacity than a cup of coffee since it has more water in it. When compared to an 80°C cup of tea, a huge swimming pool at 30°C is cooler. However, because a swimming pool has more water than a cup of tea does, it has the capacity to retain more thermal energy.
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When an invasive species is introduced into a new habitat where it has no natural predators, it can quickly populate. Which best predicts the effect this will have on the native species of the habitat?
A.
The native species will compete for resources in the habitat.
B.
The native species will thrive in the habitat.
C.
The native species will remove all of the resources in the habitat.
D.
The native species will destroy the habitat.
answer:
a. the native species will compete for resources in the habitat.
explanation:
since there are no predators for the introduced species to be monitored by, the native species will compete for resources that the introduced species is depleting.
magro-malosso er, saccone g, di tommaso m, et. al.: neuraxial analgesia to increase the success rate of external cephalic version: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. am j obstet gynecol 2016; 215: pp. 276-286.
The correct answer is neuraxial analgesia improves the success rate of external cephalic version in women with malpresentation at term or late preterm, which increases the likelihood of vaginal delivery.
The use of neuraxial analgesia improves the success rate of external cephalic version in women with malpresentation at term or late preterm, which increases the likelihood of vaginal delivery. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system (CNS). The use of local anaesthetic in or around the CNS is referred to as neuraxial anaesthesia. Spinal anaesthesia is a type of neuraxial anaesthesia in which a local anaesthetic is administered directly into the intrathecal space (subarachnoid space). Neuraxial analgesia can be used to relieve labour pain and provide an in-situ epidural catheter for rapid conversion to surgical anaesthesia for operative delivery if necessary.
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Write a grammatically correct sentence that compares that reactants and products of respiration
The reactant involved in cellular respiration is glucose molecule and six oxygen molecules, while the products are six molecules of carbondioxide and six molecules of water respectively. The chemical equation is
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
Cellular respiration is a catabolic process thus the reaction is exothermic yielding energy in the form of ATP. Cellular respiration is a process that spans through glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport chain in supply the cells of the body with requisite energy for getting work done. The reverse reaction of cellular respiration is referred to as photosynthesis.
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Why is the plasma membrane considered as a barrier?
Answer:
They are semi-permeable, which means that some molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer but others cannot.
Explanation:
please make my answer as brainelist
microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of important nutrients in plant nutrition, particularly those of
Microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of important nutrients in plant nutrition, particularly those of Carbon.
What are Microorganisms ?
A living thing that can only be observed under a microscope. Protozoa, algae, fungus, and bacteria are all examples of microorganisms. Viruses are occasionally categorized as microbes even though they are not thought of as living things.
In the recycling of nutrients, soil bacteria are crucial. They release nutrients by breaking down organic materials. They are crucial for capturing and transforming nutrients so that plant roots may absorb them from the soil. The pace of nutrient cycling is influenced by a number of biotic, physical, and chemical variables.
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Humans all have the same genes as other humans, but the alleles may differ between individuals. True or false?.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Most genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than 1 percent of the total) are slightly different between people. Alleles are forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases. These small differences contribute to each person's unique physical features
What processes make up the general life cycle of spermatophytes? (choose all that apply)
Spermatophytes are the seed-bearing plants. Spermatophytes are also known as phanerogams. The major stages or processes that make up the life cycle of spermatophytes are pollination, germination and fertilization. Thus, correct options are A, B and C.
What are Spermatophytes?Spermatophytes are the plants that form seeds. Spermatophyte is the largest vascular plant lineage. Spermatophyte is divided into two major classes- Gymnosperms and Angiosperms on the basis of structure of ovary.
Spermatophytes produce seeds by the fertilization of male and female gametes. These gametes come under close contact by pollination. Pollination is the process by which pollens (male gametes) are transferred to female gamete. After pollination, the gametes undergo fertilization to produce zygote which produce seeds. These seeds again undergo germination to produce the whole plant. Thus, A, B and C are the correct options.
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Your question is incomplete, probably the complete question/missing part is:
What processes make up the general life cycle of spermatophytes? (choose all that apply)
A. pollination
B. germination
C. fertilization
D. cell respiration
scientists suspect that modern horses have different dietary habits than horses that lived long ago. what is the most reliable source that scientists can use to prove that horses have changed over time?
Compare the teeth of modern horses to fossilized teeth from ancient horses.
The sharper points associated with a diet of leaves replaced the cusps of a fruit-eater in the horses' teeth some 33 million years ago, causing a noticeable change. The rain forests were vanished at this point, and the weather had become chilly.
According to Mihlbachler, "the signal we are receiving in the shift in the food of horses is extremely compatible with what we understand about how the environment was changing.
The teeth of certain prehistoric horses, which were most closely linked to contemporary horses, underwent a significant alteration around 18 million years ago.
Their teeth developed a more intricate surface that was more adapted for chewing difficult vegetation, especially grasses, which contain silica particles that can damage teeth. The teeth also started to get longer.
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the ability of the kidneys to remove molecules from the blood plasma by excreting them in the urine is known as .
the ability of the kidneys to remove molecules from the blood plasma by excreting them in the urine is known as Glomerular filtration. one can estimate the efficiency of Glomerular by GFR Glomerular filtration rate
Measuring measured GFR (mGFR) is a difficult and time-consuming method that is not practicable for patients or doctors, making it difficult to obtain an accurate GFR level. Because of this, medical experts utilise a formula to determine GFR (eGFR). For diagnosing renal disease, which frequently has no symptoms until right before the kidneys fail, accurate estimates of GFR are crucial. A straightforward blood test that evaluates your creatinine levels is the typical method for estimating GFR. The regular breakdown of muscle tissue and the digestion of food protein both produce creatinine, a waste product. In addition to CKD, other factors such as food, muscle mass, or the weight of your muscles, malnutrition, and other chronic conditions can also have an impact on creatinine levels.
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what are the major groups and types of collagen, their functions, and their locations in connective tissues?
Collagen is a protein present most abundantly in the body. Its main function is to provide structure, strength and support throughout the body. There are 5 major types found in different locations like cartilage, bones, etc.
The main component of the body's skin, muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues is collagen. Additionally, it is present in blood vessels, organs, and intestinal lining. About 30% of the total protein comes from it. The three primary amino acids in collagen are proline, glycine, and hydroxyproline. These amino acids combine with the right quantity of copper, vitamin C, manganese, and zinc to create triple-helical protein fibrils.
Functions of collagen include:
• Form fibroblasts in the middle skin layer (dermis) which grows new cells.
• Replace dead skin cells.
• Providing a protective covering for organs.
• Giving elasticity, structure and strength to the skin.
• Help in blood clotting.
Based on the assembly of the molecules, cell components and the position of the collagen, there are 28 types of collagen identified.
The major five types of collagen are:
• Type I – is densely packed and makes up 90% of the body’s collagen. It provides structure to the skin, bones, tendons and ligaments.
• Type II – provides joint support and is found in elastic cartilage.
• Type III – muscles, arteries and organs include this type.
• Type IV –layers of the skin include this type.
• Type V – is found in the cornea, some layers of skin, hair and tissue of the placenta.
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you need vitamins to use the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins you consume and to sustain numerous chemical reactions in your body.
True, B vitamins help human bodies utilize minerals, produce new red blood cells, use carbohydrates, protein, and fat, and maintain a healthy nervous system. The three most well-known B vitamins are thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. Everybody has to take B-Complex vitamins every day.
Thiamin- Vitamin B1
Riboflavin- Vitamin B2
Niacin- Vitamin B3
Red Blood Cells (RBC)- Red blood cells are the cells responsible for the oxygen transport to all the cells of the living organism. RBC have hemoglobin which is responsible for red color in blood.
B-Complex vitamins contains 12 different types of Vitamin B which also includes, B1, B2, and B3.
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which type of amino acid would you expect to find in large numbers in a protein found in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent (a very hot environment)?
The type of amino acid that is expected to be found in large numbers in a protein found in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent is called Cysteines.
What is hydrothermal vent?The hydrothermal vent is defined as an outlet that is located at the base of the sea which allows the release of underground heated water.
Cysteines is the type of amino acid that doesn't denature when subjected to high temperature.
Therefore the type of amino acid that is expected to be found in large numbers in a protein found in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent is called Cysteines
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a disease agent can affect more than one organ of the body, and more than one disease agent can affect the same organ of the body. which term best describes this aspect of disease etiology?
A disease agent can affect more than one organ of the body, and more than one disease agent can affect the same organ of the body are multifactorial in origin
What is Multifactorial inheritance ?When more than one factor contributes to a trait or health issue, such as a birth defect or persistent sickness, this is referred to as multifactorial inheritance. Genes can play a role, but other non-gene-related factors can also be important. These may consist of: Nutrition. Lifestyle
There is general agreement that there are numerous mechanisms and reasons involved in sudden infant death syndrome, which is complex. Understanding the complex and multifaceted nature of obesity requires a study of genotype by environment interactions.Learn more about Multifactorial inheritance here:
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Who was G. Stanley Hall and what did he mean by "storm and stress?"
Answer: The Father of Adolescence
Explanation: G. Stanley Hall, came up with the term 'storm and stress' to describe adolescence in 1904. He referred to an adolescent's decreased level of self-control as the 'storm' and their increased sensitivity as the 'stress'.
When your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the law of conservation of energy, from where does this energy come?.
The breakdown of ATP provides the energy needed for muscle contraction, however, the amount of ATP present in muscle cells is only enough to power a brief period of contraction.
Because it breaks the myosin-actin cross-bridge and releases the myosin for the following contraction, ATP is essential for muscle contractions.
Actin and Myosin muscle fibers are worked on by releasing the chemical potential energy contained in bonds within ATP, and then work is required to rebuild those bonds.During cross-bridge cycling, ATP is hydrolyzed, converting chemical energy into mechanical energy during muscle contraction. This mechanical energy is then distributed throughout the tissue and stored there as the muscle contracts or is used for an external effort.Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body's biochemical means of storing and transporting energy, is the source of energy that is used to drive the movement and contraction of working muscles.Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), found in muscles, provides energy. ATP levels in muscles are typically quite low. Creatine phosphate (CP) and muscle glycogen must be used to recreate ATP when it is low.Learn more about ATP here:
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proteomics differs from genomics because proteomics concerns the complete set of an organism's proteins.
Proteomics and genomics are topics that interact frequently. The primary distinction between genomics and proteomics is that the former studies the whole set of genes in a cell's genome, while the latter studies the entire set of proteins the cell produces.
Through the genetic code, the nucleotide sequence of a gene dictates the amino acid sequence of a protein. In order to make the appropriate proteins, mRNA is translated from genes into mRNA The total expressed proteins in an organism are represented by the proteome. Proteomics refers to the field of research that identifies the traits, structures, functions, and expressions of every protein in a cell.
Understanding the structure, function, location, and regulation of an organism's genes requires genomic studies. Since proteins are the actual functional molecules in cells and represent true physiological conditions, proteomics investigations are more advantageous.
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The best description of the greenhouse effect is that it _______. a. is solely the result of burning fossil fuels b. generates heat in the atmosphere c. traps the heat generated by burning fossil fuels d. collects heat emitted by the sun please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Answer:
D
Explanation:
a forest is cut down to make room for a housing development. which population is most likely to survive? question 5 options: raccoons, which can eat a variety of foods woodpeckers that need to nest in a particular tree large predators that need to hunt over a wide area salamanders that hibernate in rotting logs
Raccoons can eat a variety of foods, according to the situation that forest is cut down to make room for a housing development, so this population has the best chance of survival. The correct option is A.
What is specialist species?Specialist species are the ones that require very particular resources. These lifeform frequently have a limited diet or necessitate a proper habitat condition to stay alive. Specialists encompass tigers salamanders.
A generalist species can thrive in a long area of environmental conditions as well as utilize a wide range of resources for illustration, a heterotroph with a varied feeding habits.
A specialist species can only thrive in a limited range of environmental conditions or generally has a restricted diet.
Raccoons can eat a variety of foods based on their respective environment. This population has the greatest chance of sustaining life as the forest is cut down to make room for a housing development..
Thus, the correct option is A.
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based on cell size and complexity, prokaeyotic cells would be expected to
based on cell size and complexity, prokaryotic cells would be expected to have fewer ribosomes.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Any cell's ribosome produces proteins as its primary function. Almost all biological processes involve the utilization of proteins; they operate as catalysts to speed up activities; as fibers, they give support; and many proteins perform specific jobs, such as contracting muscle cells. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the precursor to all proteins. A unique protein called RNA polymerase is an enzyme that can identify DNA sequences, bind to them with the assistance of other proteins, and produce a new information molecule that can go from the cell's nucleus to its cytoplasm. On its way out of the nucleus, the strand of ribonucleic acid (RNA) created by RNA polymerase is processed, and regions of the RNA that do not code for proteins are deleted. The molecule is now referred to as an mRNA, or messenger RNA.
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the experiments of francesco redi used the scientific method to prove the idea of spontaneous generation. disproved that maggots and flies were related. determined that fly larvae were present in raw meat, and when left on the counter they turned into flies. disproved the idea of spontaneous generation. disproved the scientific method.
The experiments of Francesco Redi disproved the idea of spontaneous generation. The correct option is D.
Who is Francesco Redi?Francesco Redi, an Italian physician and poet, demonstrated that the presence of maggots in putrefying meat is not due to spontaneous generation, but rather to flies' eggs laid on the meat.
Redi concluded that the maggots were caused by flies laying eggs on the meat in the open jar.
Maggots were not produced because the flies were unable to lay eggs on the meat in the covered jar.
As a result, Redi demonstrated that decaying meat did not produce maggots.
Francesco Redi's experiments disproved the concept of spontaneous generation.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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chlorella and paramecium are both unicellular eukaryotic organisms living in freshwater. chlorella is photosynthetic and has a cell wall. which organelle will be found in chlorella but not the paramecium?
Contractile vacuole is an organelle will be found in chlorella but not the paramecium.
The lowest metazoans, such as sponges and hydras, and freshwater protozoa have regulating organelles called contractile vacuoles that gather extra fluid from the protoplasm and occasionally release it into the surrounding media. Wastes containing nitrogen may also be excreted.
The contractile vacuole (CV) complex is an osmoregulatory organelle found in free-living amoebae and protozoa that regulates intracellular water balance by storing and excreting excess water, enabling cells to survive under hypotonic stress, like that found in pond water.
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Is the type of connective tissue that forms a structural net to support other cells.
The type of connective tissue that forms a structural net to support other cells is called the Reticular connective tissue.
'Reticular' literally means 'net' or 'network'. The reticular connective tissue is a mesh-like network of fibres made up mostly of reticular fibres that support other soft tissues and organs like the spleen, red bone marrow and other lymphatic organs.
The reticular fibres that make up most of the reticular connective tissue is made up of type III collagen. There are more than 20 different types of reticular fibres, depending on the type of collagen it contains.
Since the reticular connective tissue provides support in the body, it is also called the soft skeleton. In the body, reticular connective tissue can be found in the liver, kidney, lymph nodes, bone marrow and adipose tissue.
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Which level of organization is characterized as a group of the same species that lives in one area.
*
Biome
Community
Ecosystem
Organism
Population
Answer:
A population is characterized as a group of the same species that lives in one area.
Explanation:
We know this is the answer because, according to the question, it is the only level of organization that is characterized by this definition.
Do the winds in Paris bring a seasonal change
Whether or not a person detects a stimulus depends only upon that person’s absolute threshold. True or false?.
Answer: false................
Identify physical and chemical characteristics of water
The physical characteristics of water include temperature, color, taste and odor, turbidity and specific conductivity. The chemical characteristics of water include pH, dissolved oxygen, total solids and suspended solids, hardness and chloride content.
Water has physical, chemical as well as biological characteristics. The physical characteristics like temperature, color, taste and odor, turbidity help in determining the quality of water to a large extent. The specific conductivity gives an estimate about total quantity of dissolved salts present in water.
The chemical characteristics like pH help in determining the acidity or alkalinity of water using a logarithmic scale while dissolved oxygen represents the amount of free, non-compound oxygen found in water.
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When an ecosystem contains many different species, there are usually a high number of links in its food web. How does this affect the sustainability of the ecosystem?.
When an ecosystem contains many different species, there are usually a high number of links in its food web. The sustainability will not be affected if one link is removed hence typically if one link in the food web is removed, the ecosystem will remain stable.
In the field of science, we describe an ecosystem as the combination of all the biotic and abiotic factors of an area.
If there are many biotic factors i.e many species present in an area, then this means that there are more number of organisms acting as predators and prey. Even if the population of a single species decline, there will be a substitute species present on which a predator can feed.
A greater number of species means a greater number of links in a food web. Hence, for such an ecosystem, sustainability will not be affected if a single link is removed from the food web.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
When an ecosystem contains many different species, there are usually a high number of links in its food web. How does this affect the sustainability of the ecosystem?
A. Typically, if one link in the food web is added, the ecosystem will change its location.
B. Typically, if one link in the food web is removed, the ecosystem will no longer exist.
C. Typically, if one link in the food web is removed, the ecosystem will remain stable.
D. Typically, if one link in the food web is added, the ecosystem will destabilize.
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The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has eight chromosomes (four pairs) in all of its somatic cells.
You investigate a fruit fly egg in metaphase I. How many different random alignments of the
homologous chromosomes are possible?
According to the random lining of homologous chromosomes, one single pair of homologous chromosomes has 2 possible orientations. The number of random alignments in the cell is 2ⁿ. Here, 2ⁿ = 16.
What is the random alignment of homologous chromosomes?The random lining of homologous chromosomes (metaphase 1) is one of the three mechanisms involved in genetic variation, together with Crossing-over and random fertilization.
Gamete formation involves the random and independent segregation of the alleles.
During metaphase I, homologous pairs migrate to the equatorial plane, where they randomly aline with their kinetochores facing opposite poles.
The random arrangement of tetrads is different in every cell going through the meiosis process. There is no equal alinement between two cells.
During Anaphase I, occurs independent segregation of homologous chromosomes. In this stage, each of the homologous chromosomes migrates forward to the pole they are facing.
Each of the chromosomes has two possibilities for orientation at the plane. They can face one pole or the other, and this random arrangement is what introduces variation into the gametes.
This separation generates different chromosomal combinations in the daughter cells. There are two alternatives per homologous pair.
The number of different random alignments of the homologous chromosomes equals the number of gametes with different combinations, which is 2ⁿ, where n = number of homologous pairs.
In the exposed example there are 4 pairs of chromosomes (eight chromosomes in total), so
the number of random alignments = 2ⁿ = 2⁴ = 16
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Put the following events into the correct order in which they are thought to have occurred according to the impact hypotethesis
Here is the order of events which they are thought to have occurred according to the impact hypothesis.
impactdebris and tsunami devastate North Americasoot released by global forest fireslong global winterextinction of large fraction of all speciesThe moon may have formed from the ejecta of a collision between the proto-Earth and a planet the size of Mars around 4.5 billion years ago, according to the giant-impact hypothesis, also known as the Big Splash or the Theia Impact (about 20 to 100 million years after the Solar System coalesced).
Theia, the name of the fabled Greek Titan who was Selene, the goddess of the Moon's mother, is frequently used to refer to the colliding bodies. According to a 2016 report on lunar rock analysis, the impact may have been a direct hit, thoroughly mixing both parent planets.
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