A carboxylic acid is an organic acid based on the carboxylate functional group, −COO−−COO−. The pKa of acetic acid, CH3COOHCH3COOH, is 4.80. The pKa of chloroacetic acid, CH2ClCOOHCH2ClCOOH, is 2.99. The pKa of trichloroacetic acid, CCl3COOHCCl3COOH, is 0.79 Acetic acid diluted in water is known as vinegar, which is safe for many food, cleaning, and alternative health applications. The other two acids are quite hazardous to our health in addition to being stronger acids, and their reactivity makes them useful as reagents in organic synthesis. Let us consider what accounts for the increased acidity and how to test those hypotheses.
Consider what trend exists in the pKapKa values for these three carboxylic acids based on their molecular formulas, then complete the following statement regarding a trend that relates to this phenomenon.
The pKa values of the carboxylic acids tend to decrease as the ___ increases.

Answers

Answer 1
A carboxylic acid is an organic acid based on the carboxylate functional group, −COO−−COO−. The pKa of acetic acid, CH3COOHCH3COOH, is 4.80. The pKa of chloroacetic acid, CH2ClCOOHCH2ClCOOH, is 2.99. The pKa of trichloroacetic acid, CCl3COOHCCl3COOH, is 0.79 Acetic acid diluted in water is known as vinegar, which is safe for many food, cleaning, and alternative health applications. The other two acids are quite hazardous to our health in addition to being stronger acids, and their reactivity makes them useful as reagents in organic synthesis. Let us consider what accounts for the increased acidity and how to test those hypotheses.
Consider what trend exists in the pKapKa values for these three carboxylic acids based on their molecular formulas, then complete the following statement regarding a trend that relates to this phenomenon.
The pKa values of the carboxylic acids tend to decrease as the ___ increases.

Related Questions

Are ALL acids and based
harmful to humans?

Answers

No they aren’t all harmful there are acids like citric acid that are ok to consume

Whst type of molecule is
Dehydogenase

Answers

Answer:

A dehydrogenase is an enzyme .

Explanation:

Hope it helps

Mark me as Brainliest plz.

:DD

In rutherfords gold foil experiment, most alphas particles passed through the gold foil without deflection and were detected on the screen. What caused the particles to pass through without any deflection?

Answers

Answer:

The vast majority of the volume in an atom consists of the electron orbitals with electrons that have too little mass to deflect the alpha particles.  So most pass right through the foil.  Only the ones hitting the nucleus are deflected.

Explanation:

The whole reason Rutherford and his students conducted this experiment was to test the then current hypothesis that an atom consists of a homogeneous blend of atomic particles, known as the "plum pudding" model.  If so, there should be no, or minimal, deflection of particles.  That's not what they found.  Since particles were found to be deflected, the group concluded that atoms must contain a large object, which became known as the nucleus.

Do you think the video game "Geometry dash" is dead?

Answers

Answer:

HELL NO!

THAT'S MY CHILDHOOD GAME!

I LOVE THAT GAME!

IT SHOULD NOT BE DEAD!

IT SHOULD LIVE ON FOREVER!

#GemoteryDashShouldLiveOnForever!

[tex]AnimeVines[/tex]

honestly yeah game is only good sometimes but there are so many other games now

Oceanography does not include the study of which of the following topics?

A.the relationship between the Sun, Moon, and Earth

B.the relationship between the atmosphere, Earth, and the oceans

C.the Earth's oceans

D.the plants and animals that live in the oceans

Answers

A.The relationship between the Sun moon and Earth

How much heat is absorbed by a 112.5 g sample of water when it is heated from 12.5 °C to 92.1 °C? (Specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g °C)

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf37,467.72 \ Joules }}[/tex]

Explanation:

We are asked to find how much heat a sample of water absorbed. Since we are given the mass, temperature, and specific heat, we will use the following formula.

[tex]q=mc \Delta T[/tex]

The mass (m) of the sample is 112.5 grams. The specific heat capacity of water (c) is 4.184 Joules per gram degree Celsius. The difference in temperature (ΔT) is found by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature.

ΔT= final temperature - initial temperature

The water was heated from 12.5 degrees Celsius to 92.1 degrees Celsius.

ΔT= 92.1 °C - 12.5 °C= 79.6°C

Now we know three variables and can substitute them into the formula,

m= 112.5 g c= 4.184 J/g °C ΔT= 79.6 °C

[tex]q= (112.5 \ g )(4.184 \ J/g \textdegree C)(79.6 \textdegree C)[/tex]

Multiply the first 2 numbers. Note the units of grams cancel.

[tex]q= (112.5 \ g *4.184 \ J/g \textdegree C)(79.6 \textdegree C)[/tex]

[tex]q= (112.5 *4.184 \ J/ \textdegree C)(79.6 \textdegree C)[/tex]

[tex]q= (470.7 \ J/ \textdegree C)(79.6 \textdegree C)[/tex]

Multiply again. This time the units of degrees Celsius cancel.

[tex]q= (470.7 \ J/ \textdegree C *79.6 \textdegree C)[/tex]

[tex]q= (470.7 \ J *79.6 )[/tex]

[tex]q= 37467.72 \ J[/tex]

37, 467.72 Joules of heat are absorbed by the sample fo water.

Choose the correct definition of PRESSURE.
1. force per unit area
2. the rate of work done
3. a push or a pull applied on an object
4. product of force with displacement of object

Answers

Pressure - Force per unit area

Hope it helped :)

calculate the number of each atom in 2.5 gram of caco3 ​

Answers

Answer:

[tex]2.5\; \rm g[/tex] of [tex]\rm CaCO_{3}[/tex] would contain:

Approximately [tex]1.5 \times 10^{22}[/tex] calcium atoms (approximately [tex]0.025\; \rm mol[/tex],)Approximately [tex]1.5 \times 10^{22}[/tex] carbon atoms (approximately [tex]0.025\; \rm mol[/tex],) andApproximately [tex]4.5 \times 10^{22}[/tex] oxygen atoms (approximately [tex]0.075\; \rm mol[/tex].)

Explanation:

Look up the Avogadro constant: [tex]N_{\rm A} \approx 6.022 \times 10^{23}\; \rm mol^{-1}[/tex].

For example, "[tex]1\; \rm mol[/tex] of carbon atoms" would contain [tex]N_{\rm A}[/tex] carbon atoms (approximately [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex]) by definition.

Look up the relative atomic mass of carbon, calcium, and oxygen on a modern periodic table:

Calcium: [tex]40.078[/tex].Carbon: [tex]12.011[/tex].Oxygen: [tex]15.999[/tex].

In other words, the mass of [tex]1\; \rm mol[/tex] of calcium atoms would be [tex]40.078\; \rm g[/tex]. The mass of [tex]1\; \rm mol\![/tex] of carbon atoms would be [tex]12.011\; \rm g[/tex], and the mass of [tex]1\; \rm mol \!\![/tex] of oxygen atoms would be [tex]15.999\; \rm g[/tex].

As the formula [tex]\rm CaCO_{3}[/tex] suggests, every formula unit of this ionic compound includes one calcium atom, one carbon atom, and three oxygen atoms. The formula mass of [tex]\rm CaCO_{3}\![/tex] would give the mass of every mole of [tex]\rm CaCO_{3}\!\![/tex] formula units.

Calculate the formula mass of [tex]\rm CaCO_{3}[/tex] from the relative atomic mass data:

[tex]\begin{aligned} & M({\rm CaCO_{3}}) \\ =\; & 40.078\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1} \\ & + 12.011\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1} \\ & + 3 \times (15.999\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}) \\ =\; & 100.086\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}\end{aligned}[/tex].

Calculate the number of [tex]\rm CaCO_{3}[/tex] formula units in that [tex]2.5\; \rm g[/tex] of this compound:

[tex]\begin{aligned}& n({\rm CaCO_{3}}) \\ =\; & \frac{m({\rm CaCO_{3}})}{M({\rm CaCO_{3}})} \\ =\; & \frac{2.5\; \rm g}{100.086\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} \\ \approx\; & 0.025\; \rm mol\end{aligned}[/tex].

In other words, [tex]2.5\; \rm g[/tex] of [tex]\rm CaCO_{3}[/tex] would contain approximately [tex]0.025\; \rm mol[/tex] [tex]\rm CaCO_{3}\![/tex] formula units.

Again, there are one calcium atom, one carbon atom, and one oxygen atom in every [tex]\rm CaCO_{3}[/tex] formula unit. That approximately [tex]0.025\; \rm mol[/tex] [tex]\rm CaCO_{3}\![/tex] formula units would thus contain:

Approximately [tex]1 \times 0.025\; \rm mol = 0.025\; \rm mol[/tex] calcium atoms, Approximately [tex]1 \times 0.025\; \rm mol = 0.025\; \rm mol[/tex] carbon atoms, andApproximately [tex]3 \times 0.025\; \rm mol = 0.075\; \rm mol[/tex] oxygen atoms.

Make use of the Avogadro constant to convert the numbers.

For example, the number of calcium atoms in that approximately [tex]0.025\; \rm mol[/tex] of calcium atoms would be:

[tex]\begin{aligned} & N({\text{calcium}) \\ = \; & n({\text{calcium}) \cdot N_{\rm A} \\ \approx \; & 0.025\; \rm mol \times 6.022\times 10^{23} \cdot mol^{-1} \\ \approx \; & 1.5 \times 10^{22} \end{aligned}[/tex].

Likewise, the number of carbon atoms in that approximately [tex]0.025\; \rm mol[/tex] of carbon atoms would be:

[tex]\begin{aligned} & N({\text{carbon}) \\ = \; & n({\text{carbon}) \cdot N_{\rm A} \\ \approx \; & 0.025\; \rm mol \times 6.022\times 10^{23} \cdot mol^{-1} \\ \approx \; & 1.5 \times 10^{22} \end{aligned}[/tex].

The number of oxygen atoms in that approximately [tex]0.075\; \rm mol[/tex] of oxygen atoms would be:

[tex]\begin{aligned} & N({\text{oxygen}) \\ = \; & n({\text{oxygen}) \cdot N_{\rm A} \\ \approx \; & 0.075\; \rm mol \times 6.022\times 10^{23} \cdot mol^{-1} \\ \approx \; & 4.5 \times 10^{22} \end{aligned}[/tex].

for the equation given, how many grams of methane will react with a 125g of oxygen
CH4 (g) + 2O2(g) -> CO2(g) +2H2O​

Answers

Answer:

16

Explanation:

1) in the given equation CH₄+2O₂⇒ 2H₂O+CO₂;

M(CH₄)=12+4=16 (g/mol); M(O₂)=32 (g/mol);

2) if m(O₂)=125 gr., then ν(O₂)=m(O₂)/M(O₂)=125/32≈3.90625 (moles);

3) if in the given equation 'ν' of O₂ is 2, then the 'ν' of CH₄ is 1;

4) m(CH₄)=ν(CH₄)*M(CH₄)=1*16=16 (gr.).

Based on properties of elements in the periodic table, which element is the best conductor of thermal energy?
(1 point)
argon (Ar)
O germanium (Ge)
O vanadium (V)
polonium (Po)

Answers

Answer:

Vanadium (V) is the best conductor of thermal energy in this list

the electronic configuration of an atom of element X is 2,8,2 what will be the valency of the element x

Answers

The element is Magnesium

It has total 12 electrons

it has electronic configuration

[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto 2,8,2[/tex]

or

[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto 1s^22s^22p^63s^2[/tex]

In valence cell it has 2 electrons and therefore its valency is 2

The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3, and the density of iron pyrite is 5.02 g/cm3. What substance do you think you found?

Answers

Answer:

Step 1

1 of 2

V = m / D; V (nugget of gold) = 50 g / 5.0 g / cm 3 = 10 cm3; V (nugget of iron pyrite) = 50 g / 19 g / cm3 = 2.63 cm 3

Result

2 of 2

Due to these results you can conclude that nugget of gold which volume is 10 cm3 is bigger than volume of nugget of iron pyrite which is 2.63 cm3.

Explanation:

what was daltons motivation for proposing his model of the atom

Answers

Answer:

John Dalton based his partial pressures theory on the idea that only like atoms repel one another, Whereas unlike atoms appear to react indifferently. This notion was erroneous, but it helped to explain why each gas in a mixture behaved independently, serving the purpose of showing that atoms of all kinds are not alike.

A 25.0 mL sample of 0.723 M HClO4 is titrated with a 0.273 M KOH solution. The H3O+ concentration after the addition of 66.2 mL of KOH is __________ M.
a. 0.723
b. 1.00 × 10-7
c. 2.81 × 10-13
d. 0.439
e. 0.273

Answers

B 2048% q100-10000(10)

What is the major organic product obtained from the reaction of ethylbenzene with nitronium ion, followed by benzylic oxidation?
a. 3-ethyl-aniline.
b. 4-nitro-benzoic acid.
c. 3-nitro-toluene.
d. 3-nitrobenzoic acid.

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

What's the difference between science and science methods?

Answers

Answer:

Science is related only to sense-experience, and reason based on the former. It is an accumulation of systematic and verifiable knowledge. The scientific method is one and the same in all branches of knowledge. The unity of science, according to him, consists in its method, not in its material alone.

Explanation:

Bonus 50 points if u got this answer correctly!!


When does a real gas behave like an ideal gas?

Answers

yes i did you do that i’m you did it for you too and i didn’t even know what to say about anything i’m but

Answer:

[tex]at \: low \: pressure \: high \: temparature \\ thank \: you[/tex]

Fine the volume in dm³ and in Ml of a 0.505 mol/dm of NaCH required to react with 40Ml of 0.505 molar concentration of H2SO4​

Answers

watch u know bout rolling down in the deep...

Axon diameters of cortico-cortical fibres in the human brain range from 0.16 um to 9 um in
length. Convert the length, 0.16 um, into meters using scientific notation. (Use the following
format: a x 10^b using the correct number of significant figures).

Answers

The conversion of units in science is achieved by the use of conversion factors.

A conversion factor is a number used to change a quantity from one unit to another.

The given unit here is the micrometer and we are expected to convert the quantity (mass in this case) from micrometer to meter.

The conversion factor to use is:

1 μm = [tex]1 * 10^-6 m[/tex]

Hence;

0.16 μm = 0.16 μm * 1 * 10^-6 m/ 1 μm

= 1.60 * 10^-7 m

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Which compound is a carbohydrate. Nucleotide or protien or starch or amino acid

Answers

starch is carbohydrate

Given the ion Al+3, what species would you expect to form with each of the following ions? OH- ___________ S2- ___________ PO43- _________

Answers

Ionic substances are formed by exchange of valencies between the ions that make up the substance.

The ion [tex]Al^3+[/tex] has a valency of +3. It exchanges this valency with other ions as it forms ionic substances.

In the case of OH- which has a valency of 1, the compound Al(OH)3 is formed.

In the case of [tex]S^2-[/tex] which has a valency of 2, the compound Al2S3 is formed.

In the case of [tex]PO4^3-[/tex] which has a valency of 3, the compound AlPO4 is formed.

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a hurricane that is rated category 5 would have which of the characteristics below?
A winds of 119-153 miles per an hour with little to no damage to structers
B winds of 154-177 miles per an hour with some damage to roofs doors or windows
C winds of 178-209 miles per hour with damage to homes
D winds of 251 miles per hour or higher with complete roof failure and possible complete structure failure

Answers

D is the right answer for this one

Al(s) + NaOH(aq) → Al(OH)3(s) + Na+(aq) displacement, or decomposition.

Answers

Answer:

Displacement

Explanation:

OH- in the reactant side of the reaction has switched from Na+ to Al 3+ in the product side. Decomposition is where a compound from the reactant side of the reaction would dissolve into elements in the product side, but that's not the case in this example.

Name the reaction type & mechanism of the following reactions:

Answers

Answer:

MECHANISM:

1) The lone pair on oxygen attacks the H-Br molecule forming a hydronium ion.

2) Formation of carbocation.

3) Attack of Nucleophile Br  −  .

Explanation:

Answer:

DISPLACEMENT REACTION

COMBINATION REACTION

DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

DECOMPOSITION REACTION

Which option describes the molecule geometry of a molecule with one bond and three lone pairs?

A. octahedral

B. linear

C. angled

D. tetrahedral

Answers

based one VSEPR

1 bond 3 lone pairs is linear

The option describes the molecule geometry of a molecule with one bond and three lone pairs. Thus, option B is correct.

What is covalent bond?

A covalent bond is defined as  a chemical bond that includes the sharing of electron pair between atoms.The pair of electrons are know as bonding pairs and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms.

The properties of covalent bond are mentioned below:

The covalent compounds have low melting points and boiling points.The covalent compounds do not contain electricity.

The covalent compounds are  having lower enthalpies of vaporization and fusion.The covalent compounds are easily catches fire and are more flammable than ionic compounds.

The covalent compounds are very soft and flexible. The physical properties of covalent compounds are that they have lower melting points and electrical conductivity.

Therefore, The option describes the molecule geometry of a molecule with one bond and three lone pairs. Thus, option B is correct.

Learn more about covalent bond here:

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If an inverse relationship exist between x and y, and k = 200, which of the following would be points on the graph?

-(200,0.1)
-(100, 0.2)
-(400, 0.5)
-(800, 0.4)

Answers

Answer:

The answer is (400, 0.5)

What volume of 0.32M HCl is required to completely neutralize 50.0m mL of a 0.12M Mg(OH)2 solution?​

Answers

Answer:

37.5 mL of HCl will be required for complete neutralization with magnesium hydroxide

Explanation:

[tex]{ \bf{2HCl _{(aq)} + Mg(OH)_{2(s)}→ MgCl_{2(s)} + 2H _{2} O_{(l)}}}[/tex]

we've to first get moles of magnesium hydroxide in 50.0 ml :

[tex]{ \sf{1 \: l \: of \: hydroxide \: contains \: 0.12 \: moles}} \\ { \sf{0.05 \: l \: of \: hydroxide \: contain \: (0.05 \times 0.12) \: moles}} \\ = { \underline{0.006 \: moles}}[/tex]

for complete neutralization:

[tex]{ \sf{1 \: moles \: of \: hydroxide\: react \: with \: 2 \: moles \: of \: acid}} \\ { \sf{0.006 \: moles \: react \: with \: \{0.006 \times 2 \}} \: moles} \\ = { \underline{0.012 \: moles \: of \: acid}}[/tex]

compare with acid molarity:

[tex]{ \sf{0.32 \: moles \: of \: acid \: occupy \: 1 \: litre}} \\ { \sf{0.012 \: moles \: of \: acid \: occupy \: ( \frac{0.012}{0.32}) \: litres }} \\ { \underline{ = 0.0375 \: litre \: \: = \: \: 37.5 \: ml}}[/tex]

A beggar wrapped himself with a few layers of newspaper on a cold winter night. This helped him to keep himself warm because:
(a) friction between the layers of newspaper produces heat.
(b) air trapped between the layers of newspaper is a bad conductor of heat.
(c) newspaper is a conductor of heat.
(d) newspaper is at a higher temperature than the temperature of the surrounding.

the one who gets its correct will be marked as the brainliest and also be followed by me!!

P.S. have a great Sunday :)​

Answers

Answer:

(b)The air trapped between the layers of newspaper is a bad conductor of heat.Thus the layers of newspaper helped the beggar to keep himself warm

Hey there!

I believe your answer would be "Air trapped between the layers of newspaper is a bad conductor of heat."

Hope this helps!

Have a great day!

Which property is an intensive, rather than an extensive, property of matter?

A. volume

B. density

C. mass

D. length

Answers

Answer:

Density other dude is incorrect

Explanation:

Density is an intensive, rather than an extensive property of matter.

WHAT ARE INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES?

The property of matter is divided into two categories namely: intensive and extensive properties.

Intensive properties are those properties that are not dependent on the size or amount of the substance. Examples include density, temperature, boiling point, melting point etc.

Extensive properties are those properties that depend on the size or amount of the substance involved. Examples are length, mass, volume weight etc.

Therefore, density is an intensive, rather than an extensive property of matter.

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Which property altered during a chemical change is not altered during a physical change?

A. composition of the matter

B. temperature of the matter

C. volume of the matter

D. phase of the matter

Answers

A. composition of the matter

The property altered during a chemical change that is not altered during a physical change is composition of the matter.

A physical change is one in which no new substance is formed and it is easily reversible.

A chemical change is one that is not easily reversible and no new substance is formed. It may be accompanied by absorption or evolution of heat.

The composition of a substance changes during a chemical change  because bonds between atoms break and new bonds are formed. This does not occur during a physical change.

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