Expectancy theory is the most closely associated with the belief in valence. This theory was first proposed by Victor Vroom in 1964, and suggests that motivation is determined by the individual's level of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.
Valence refers to an individual's personal preferences and the degree to which they value a particular outcome. For example, an individual may have a high valence for money, meaning they value money more than other potential outcomes. This theory suggests that an individual's motivation will be higher if they believe the outcome will be rewarding for them. Expectancy theory is based on the idea that an individual's effort will be determined by their expectations of success, and the value they place on the potential reward.
This means that if an individual believes they will receive a desired reward, they are likely to be more motivated to put in the effort to make it happen. Thus, belief in valence is strongly associated with expectancy theory.
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What is the libertarian and socialist parties in the united states?
The Libertarian Party and the Socialist Party USA are the two major libertarian and socialist parties in the United States.
The Libertarian Party is a political party in the United States that promotes and advocates for civil liberties, free markets, and a limited government. The Socialist Party, on the other hand, is a socialist party that advocates for democratic socialism as well as opposes the capitalist system in favor of worker-owned and controlled industries. The Libertarian Party is a party that advocates for the rule of law, individual liberty, personal responsibility, free markets, and limited government.
It is known for its advocacy of laissez-faire economics and for its support for the decriminalization of drugs, same-sex marriage, and gun rights. It is the third-largest political party in the United States, with over 200,000 registered members across the country. It has had some limited success in local and state elections, and it has also had some influence on the policies of the Republican Party.
The Socialist Party of America is a socialist political party that has been in existence since 1901. It advocates for the establishment of a socialist economy and for the democratic control of the means of production. It is a left-wing political party that is opposed to capitalism and is in favor of the abolition of private property. The party has never been successful in national elections, but it has had some limited success in local and state elections.
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which of the following does not exemplify a brief family therapy? relatively quick and inexpensive focused on exploration focused on the presenting problem method oriented
The answer is "focused on exploration" does not exemplify a brief family therapy.
Brief family therapy is a time-limited approach that aims to address a specific issue or problem in the family system, often within a few sessions. It is a focused and goal-oriented approach that emphasizes the development of practical solutions and the enhancement of family communication and functioning.
While brief family therapy may involve some exploration of the family's history and dynamics, it is not the main focus of the intervention. Instead, the therapist and family members work collaboratively to identify and address the presenting problem and develop strategies to improve the family's functioning. This method-oriented approach emphasizes the use of specific techniques and interventions to achieve the desired outcomes in a relatively quick and cost-effective manner.
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what types of numbers are used for different generations in a pedigree?
Different generations in a pedigree are typically labeled with Roman numerals (I, II, III, etc.), whereas individuals within each generation are labeled with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.).
Roman numeral I is used to denote the first generation, while Arabic numerals are used to denote the members of that generation. The second generation is denoted by the Roman numeral II, while those who belong to it are denoted by Arabic numerals.
Other symbols or letters, such as squares for men, circles for women, and shaded symbols to signify people with a certain ailment or condition, may also be used in pedigrees to symbolize particular features or characteristics.
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what problems affected american cities in the mid-1800s?
The problems affected American cities in the mid-1800s is the rapid population growth and lack of infrastructure to support growth caused all problems.
At the end of the 19th century, urban workers in America faced many challenges. One problem was overcrowding. Many of the workers lived in very overcrowded housing complexes, so-called nagaya.
Cities in the late 1800s and early 1900s often lacked a central plan. There was little sewerage and clean water. Many roads were still unpaved. There were few building codes to protect residents, and fire and police services were limited.
Nineteenth-century migrant workers often lived in cramped tenements that routinely lacked basic amenities such as running water, ventilation, and toilets. These conditions were ideal for the spread of bacteria and infectious diseases.
During the final years of the 18th century, industrial cities held a special place in U.S. history, but the rapid population growth and lack of infrastructure to support growth caused all problems.
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if you repeat a study and find the same results as the first time, what can you say about the original study?
The original study is likely to have been valid and reliable. This is because repeating the study and finding the same results suggests that the study has a consistent outcome and can be trusted. In order to be valid and reliable, the study must measure what it is supposed to measure and produce results that are consistent and accurate. Repeating the study and finding the same results is evidence that the original study was successful in doing so.
When repeating the study, it is important to use the same methods as the original study in order to make sure the results are valid and reliable. This means making sure the same measurements are taken, the same conditions are present, and the same methods of data collection and analysis are used.
To ensure that the results of the original study are reliable, it is also important to make sure that the data is representative of the population the study was conducted on. For example, if the study was conducted on a specific age group, it is important to make sure the same age group is included in the second study.
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rayna is a one-year-old, and her mother is sensitive and responsive to her needs. she is distressed when her mother leaves her, and she is happy to see her when she returns. what kind of attachment is this?
Rayna's attachment style to her mother would be described as secure attachment.
Secure attachment is a term used to describe a healthy attachment between an infant and their primary caregiver. It is characterized by a child's ability to rely on their caregiver to meet their needs, to return when they are frightened or upset, and to serve as a source of comfort and support. A child with a secure attachment feels comfortable exploring the world around them and making new connections because they know they have a safe and dependable person to return to.
When their caregiver is present, they feel secure and content. When their caregiver is away, they may be upset or miss them, but they know they will return eventually.
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Which of these is the best example of a transgression?marriagethefttravelexercise
The best example of a transgression among the options given is "theft."
A transgression refers to an act that goes against accepted norms, laws, or rules. Theft is considered a transgression because it involves taking someone else's property without permission or legal justification. It is an unlawful act that is punishable by law in most societies. On the other hand, marriage, travel, and exercise are not inherently transgressive activities. While they may be subject to specific cultural or legal restrictions or expectations, they are not generally considered to be transgressive. For instance, while some societies may have restrictions on who can marry, marriage itself is not a transgression.
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According to Joseph LeDoux, our automatic and most rapid emotional responses involve neural processing that followsA. the high road.B. the spillover effect.C. the experience of moderate levels of arousal.D. the low road.
According to Joseph LeDoux, a prominent neuroscientist, and researcher on emotions, our automatic and most rapid emotional responses involve neural processing that follows "the low road." Here option D is the correct answer.
The low road refers to a neural pathway that bypasses conscious thought and goes directly from sensory input to the amygdala, a part of the brain that plays a key role in processing emotions. This pathway allows for quick and automatic emotional responses, such as fear or anger, to potential threats or stimuli without the need for conscious thought.
In contrast, "the high road" involves more conscious and deliberate processing of emotions through the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as decision-making and planning. This pathway allows for more nuanced and complex emotional responses that may involve contextual information and past experiences.
Overall, LeDoux's research suggests that both the low and high-road processing of emotions play important roles in how we respond to emotional stimuli, but the low road is responsible for our most rapid and automatic emotional responses.
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ever since dahlia spent several months working the night shift at a 24-hour truck-stop diner, she has struggled to adjust her sleep schedule back to a normal, daytime work schedule. she still feels wide awake and energetic at 1:00 a.m. and feels drowsy and ready for bed at 10:00 a.m. dahlia may be suffering from:
ever since dahlia spent several months working the night shift dahlia may be suffering from Circadian rhythm disorders.
When your body's internal clock, independence which signals when it's time to slumber or wake up, is out of sync with your surroundings, you may experience circadian rhythm disorders, also referred to as sleep-wake cycle disorders. Your circadian calendar, also known as an internal clock, rotates roughly every 24 hours. Excessive daily sleepiness, irregular breathing, or increased movement while sleeping are a few indications and symptoms of sleep disorders. An irregular sleep-wake pattern and trouble getting asleep are two additional symptoms. ever since dahlia spent several months working the night shift dahlia may be suffering from Circadian rhythm disorders.
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Why did lufberys plane burst in to flames
Answer: Lufbery was not cut out to limit his service to teaching marksmanship and leading training flights. He returned to the front with the 94th Aero Pursuit Squadron and on May 19, 1918, flew up to confront a German observation plane near Toul, France. The dogfight that followed ebbed and flowed until, according to witnesses, Lufbery’s plane suddenly and unexpectedly caught fire.
Explanation: NONE
in a regular day, how many snacks does the average colombian schedule into their day? ten one two none
On a regular day, the average Colombian eats two snacks a day. Here option C is the correct answer.
Colombian cuisine is known for its diverse flavors and ingredients, including tropical fruits, vegetables, meats, and seafood. The typical Colombian diet consists of three main meals per day, which include breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
However, many Colombians also incorporate snacks into their daily routine, especially in between meals or as a mid-afternoon break. The number of snacks that the average Colombian schedules into their day may vary based on factors such as individual preferences, lifestyle, and cultural practices.
Some Colombians may opt for one or two snacks per day, while others may choose to have more frequent snacking habits. Additionally, the type of snack consumed may also differ depending on the region, with popular options ranging from fresh fruit and empanadas to traditional baked goods and street food.
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Complete question:
On a regular day, how many snacks does the average Colombian schedule into their day?
A - ten
B - one
C - two
D - none
which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste aversions based on his work giving sweetened liquid to rats and then inducing nausea in them
Answer:
I believe it's John Garcia
which concept negates the idea that a country can specialize to the degree suggested by the ricardian model?
The concept that negates the idea that a country can specialize to the degree suggested by the Ricardian model is: The concept of diminishing returns.
The Ricardian model is based on the assumption that countries can specialize in the production of goods that they are relatively more efficient at producing, resulting in increased productivity and overall economic welfare.
However, the concept of diminishing returns suggests that as more and more resources are devoted to a particular activity, the marginal benefit of each additional unit of resources declines.
This means that at some point, increasing specialization in a particular industry or product will result in diminishing returns and may even lead to negative effects on the economy.
In other words, the Ricardian model assumes that there are constant returns to specialization, whereas the concept of diminishing returns suggests that there are limits to specialization and that increasing specialization beyond these limits may actually be detrimental to the economy.
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what are some of your different identities and how did you acquire them? what are some differences between your identities and those same identities in another culture?
Identity refers to the characteristics, beliefs, values, and behaviors that define who we are as individuals.
Some of the identities that humans may have can include cultural identity, gender identity, racial identity, national identity, and many others. These identities can be acquired through various means such as upbringing, socialization, experiences, and personal exploration.
The acquisition of identity can differ across cultures. For example, in some cultures, a person's identity may be strongly influenced by their family and community, while in other cultures, individualism may be emphasized, and identity may be more self-defined. Gender identity can also differ across cultures, with some cultures having more fluid conceptions of gender than others.
In addition, the way that identities are expressed and perceived can differ across cultures. For example, in some cultures, expressing emotions may be seen as a sign of weakness, while in other cultures, emotional expression may be encouraged and valued. Similarly, in some cultures, certain identities may be stigmatized or marginalized, while in others, they may be accepted and celebrated.
It is important to recognize and respect the diversity of identities and the different ways in which they are acquired and expressed across cultures.
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What is the name of the canal in the Middle East?
how did the addition of bill of righs resolve the concerns of some of the delegates to the constitutional convention?
The issue of including the rights of the people and the states in the constitution was addressed by the adoption of the bill of rights.
What is a bill of rights?The first ten amendments to the US Constitution are collectively referred to as the US Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights amendments, which were put forth in response to the often acrimonious 1787–1788 debate over ratifying the Constitution and written to address the concerns raised by Anti-Federalists, add to the Constitution explicit declarations that all powers not expressly granted to the federal government by the Constitution are reserved to the states. The principles enshrined in these amendments are based on those found in earlier texts, most notably the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), the Northwest Ordinance (1787), the English Bill of Rights (1689), and Magna Carta (1215).To learn more about the bill of rights, refer to:
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The claim that "language is generative" is the claim that
a. it is always possible to generate new sounds to add to the language.
b. the units of language can be combined and recombined to create vast numbers of new linguistic entities.
c. language can be used to generate new knowledge and new discoveries.
d. scholars have been able to invent an unlimited number of new words, allowing them to express any concept they wish.
Option b. the units of language can be combined and recombined to create vast numbers of new linguistic entities claim that "language is generative".
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called scientific research because it involves a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and concise analysis of all aspects of language (cognitive, social, ecological, biological, structural).
Linguistics is considered an applied science as well as a general educational field in the humanities and social sciences. Traditional areas of linguistic analysis include syntax (rules for constructing sentences), semantics (meaning), morphology (word structure), phonetics (gestures equivalent to speech in sign language), phonology (specific language's abstract sound system). language) and pragmatics (how social context contributes to meaning). Subfields such as biolinguistics (the study of biological variables and the evolution of language) and psycholinguistics (the study of psychological factors in human language) bridge many of these branches.
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According to "Encountering the Other: The Challenge for the 21st Century," what is the main question that people face when they encounter unfamiliar people?
According to "Encountering the Other: The Challenge for the 21st Century," the main question that people face when they encounter unfamiliar people is how to bridge the cultural gap.
What is "Encountering the Other: The Challenge for the 21st Century"?Encountering the Other: The Challenge for the 21st Century is an essay written by Richard Kearney, a professor of philosophy at Boston College. The essay explores the idea of encountering unfamiliar individuals or communities and the difficulties that arise during these encounters.
Kearney notes that cultural differences, biases, and prejudices can create significant obstacles to building relationships between different cultures.What is the main question that people face when they encounter unfamiliar people?The main question that people face when they encounter unfamiliar people, according to "Encountering the Other: The Challenge for the 21st Century," is how to bridge the cultural gap.
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¿porque sera importante elaborar una propuesta de acciones para promover la participacion democratica y la convivencia en la diversidad en la familia y comunidad?
It is important to develop a proposal of actions to promote democratic participation and coexistence in diversity.
Within the family and community because it helps to strengthen social cohesion, respect for human rights, and democratic values. By promoting a culture of dialogue, inclusion, and tolerance, individuals and groups can learn to work together, overcome differences, and solve conflicts in a peaceful and constructive manner. This can lead to a more just, equitable, and sustainable society, where all members have a voice and can contribute to the common good. Additionally, promoting democratic participation and coexistence in diversity within the family and community can help to prevent social exclusion, discrimination, and violence, and contribute to the development of a more harmonious and peaceful community.
the complete question:
Why is it important to develop a proposal of actions to promote democratic participation and coexistence in diversity within the family and community?
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as a child, ryan took delight in hurting animals. as an adult, he frequently abuses strangers and feels no remorse. what diagnosis would ryan most likely receive, and why?
Based on the given information, Ryan's behavior suggests he may have antisocial personality disorder.
This diagnosis is characterized by a disregard for the rights and feelings of others, impulsivity, lack of empathy or remorse, and a pattern of irresponsible and harmful behavior starting in childhood or adolescence.
Ryan's history of animal abuse as a child and his current abusive behavior towards strangers align with the symptoms of antisocial personality disorder. This disorder is commonly associated with criminal behavior and may require treatment, including therapy and medication.
It is important to note that only a licensed mental health professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan for any individual.
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identical elements are maximized when the learning environment matches the trainee as closely as possible.group startstrue or false
True. The concept of matching the trainee to the learning environment is essential to maximizing the effectiveness of training and ensuring the success of the individual.
A learning environment that is tailored to the specific needs of the trainee can provide a more effective learning experience, as the trainee can more easily absorb the material.
For example, if a trainee is an auditory learner, a learning environment that uses audio materials such as podcasts or lecture recordings can be more beneficial than one that relies primarily on visual materials. Additionally, a learning environment that is tailored to the trainee's skill level can provide the necessary support to ensure the individual is able to succeed.
For instance, if a trainee is relatively new to a particular subject, they can benefit from a learning environment that offers them additional support and resources, such as tutorials and mentorship programs. By matching the learning environment to the trainee, the learning experience can be maximized, leading to improved outcomes and greater success.
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individuals with depression have a tendency to recall memories of loss and failure, further lowering mood and prolonging depression. according to your textbook, this cycle is known as: group of answer choices ruminative cognition. cyclic thinking. negative thinking. cognitive bias of negativity.
Ruminative cognition is a cycle of negative thinking that occurs in individuals with depression. It involves a person focusing on and ruminating over memories of loss and failure, which further lowers their mood and prolongs the depression.
This type of thinking can become a vicious cycle as the person continues to think about negative events and experiences, which can lead to further feelings of hopelessness and despair. The person may also become isolated and unable to find joy in activities that would normally be enjoyable.
It is important for individuals with depression to become aware of this cycle and to find ways to break it. This can include self-care activities, such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and connecting with friends and family, as well as cognitive-behavioural therapy or other psychological therapies that can help identify and challenge negative thoughts and behaviours.
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Hs Class Where Students Bond Over Bonds is called __
A class where students bond over bonds could be called "Bonding 101" or "Bonding with Bonds."
What is the class about?"Bonding 101" would be a play on words, as "101" is often used in academic settings to refer to introductory courses. So "Bonding 101" could be a class where students learn the basics of investing in bonds while also bonding with each other over their shared interest in the subject.
Similarly, "Bonding with Bonds" is a play on the phrase "bonding with friends" or "bonding with others," which means to form a close connection or relationship. In this case, the class would be focused on learning about bonds and investing in them, but the shared interest in the topic would also help the students bond with each other and form connections.
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how did new deal programs change the lives of texans during the great depression?
The New Deal programs implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression had a significant impact on the lives of Texans. The programs were designed to provide relief, recovery, and reform for the struggling economy and population.
One of the most impactful programs for Texans was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which provided employment opportunities for young men to work on conservation and public works projects. Many Texans were employed through the CCC and worked on projects such as building parks and improving infrastructure.
Another program, the National Youth Administration (NYA), provided job training and education opportunities for young adults. This program allowed many Texans to gain skills and knowledge that would benefit them in the workforce.
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) provided support for farmers by paying them to reduce crop production, which helped stabilize crop prices and prevent further agricultural crises.
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did the great leap forward’s policies lead to more food production in china? why or why not?
No, the Great Leap Forward programmes did not increase China's ability to produce food. The programmes, such as the "backyard steel" campaign, caused resources to be diverted away from agriculture.
causing a massive famine that resulted in millions of fatalities. Mao Zedong urged peasants to make steel in their backyards during the Great Leap Forward, which led to a shift of labour and resources away from agriculture. Also, the government imposed irrational output quotas, which caused farmers to ignore their crops in order to reach the objectives. Millions of people perished from famine as a result of the sharp drop in agricultural productivity. Later, at its 20th Party Congress in 1981, the Communist Party of China admitted the shortcomings of its Great Leap Forward programmes.
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the system of goal setting and implementation with discussion, review and evaluation of objectives is called blank .
The system of goal setting and implementation with discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives is called Management by Objectives (MBO).
What is Management by Objectives (MBO)?
Management by Objectives (MBO) is a management system that emphasizes establishing objectives at all levels within an organization and assisting subordinates to accomplish their objectives by tying them to higher-level goals.
As per this system, goals should be measurable, time-bound, attainable, and realistic. This system is based on Peter Drucker's principle that suggests, “what gets measured, gets managed.”
In conclusion, the Management by Objectives (MBO) system is used in organizations to align the goals and objectives of employees with overall business objectives. It emphasizes setting goals that are measurable, time-bound, attainable, and realistic.
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Romanesque architecture is characterized by ornate facades, pointed arches, and an emphasis on verticality and light.True or False.
True. Romanesque architecture is characterized by ornate facades, pointed arches, and an emphasis on verticality and light is True/correct.
The use of ornate façades, with intricate carvings and patterns, is intended to draw attention to the building.
Pointed arches were a feature of Romanesque architecture, creating larger spans and allowing for much larger structures. Perpendicularity and the use of light are also associated with Romanesque architecture. Romanesque architecture often used thick walls for strength and large windows to let in more natural light. The Romanesque architectural style spread from his 11th century to his 13th century and was used in the construction of many of the great churches and monasteries of the time.
Overall, Romanesque architecture is characterized by ornate façades, pointed arches, and an emphasis/prominence on verticality and light, all of which combine to form grand and imposing structures.
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How were US senators chosen before the Seventeenth Amendment was ratified?
Prior to the Seventeenth Amendment, state legislatures selected United States senators. From the time when the Constitution was ratified in 1789 until 1913, this system was in use.
United States Senators were not chosen by the people in accordance with the US Constitution's original provisions. Instead, the state legislatures choose them. Before the Seventeenth Amendment, US senators were chosen by state legislatures. This system was in effect from the time the Constitution was adopted in 1789 until 1913. This was done to give the states a say in the federal government and keep it from growing too strong. Yet, this method has come under fire for being undemocratic and allowing politics and corruption to affect how senators are chosen. This system was altered by the Seventeenth Amendment, which was enacted in 1913 and created the direct popular election of senators.
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skinner said that language is learned through reinforcement, while chomsky said that children are born with a language acquisition device. who is correct? responses
Theorists Skinner and Chomsky differ in their opinions on how language is acquired. Skinner said that language is learned through reinforcement, while Chomsky said that children are born with a language acquisition device. Both theorists contributed to the debate on language acquisition, but it is up to the reader to decide which argument is stronger.
Skinner's view of language acquisitionSkinner believed that language learning occurred through a process known as operant conditioning, in which a behavior is learned through positive reinforcement. Children imitate their parents' speech and then repeat the same sounds and words until they get positive feedback from their parents, at which point the behavior is reinforced, and the child learns to repeat the behavior. According to Skinner, this cycle of reinforcement eventually leads to the development of language, which is learned through trial and error.
Chomsky's view of language acquisitionChomsky, on the other hand, believed that language is innate and that all humans are born with a language acquisition device (LAD) that allows them to learn any language. The LAD is an internal mechanism that enables children to quickly acquire language because it contains a set of grammatical rules that all languages follow. Chomsky argues that children are capable of producing and understanding language because of the LAD, which guides them in learning a language. It is a unique ability that is present in every human being from birth, according to Chomsky.
Both Skinner and Chomsky contributed significantly to the debate on language acquisition, but it is difficult to determine which theory is more accurate because they approach the topic from different angles. Skinner's theory is based on observable behavior and is widely accepted in behavioral psychology, while Chomsky's theory emphasizes the innate ability of humans to learn language and is more widely accepted in linguistics. Therefore, it is difficult to determine who is correct, as both theories have their merits.
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this study examined group conformity by using groups of college students (men) who had to unanimously agree on the length of lines in pictures. social cohesion and agreement was common among group members, demonstrating the pressure to conform. who was responsible for the study?
The person who was responsible for the study on group conformity using groups of college students (men) who had to unanimously agree on the length of lines in pictures was Solomon Asch.
The main aim of Solomon Asch's conformity experiments was to examine the extent to which social pressure from a larger group might affect a person's willingness to conform.
In the study, groups of individuals were given a variety of tasks to complete, including comparing the length of lines, and it was discovered that many individuals would change their answers to match that of the larger group, even if it meant going against their judgment.
Solomon Asch was the person who conducted a well-known series of studies on conformity in the 1950s. These studies were conducted to determine how much social pressure can influence a person's behavior and decisions, particularly when in a group setting.
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