9. Why is the cell cycle important?

The two main types of mutations are, 1.Gametes include germline alterations. 2. Somatic mutations happen in the body's other cells.

These mutations are particularly important since they can be passed down to kids, who will all have the mutation in every cell environmental elements and utterly arbitrary causes Mutations can also be brought on by outside factors like specific chemicals or extreme radiation. Let's learn about many mutations and their sorts now that we are familiar with the definition of mutation and its causes.

Based on the base pair substitution, there are two types of point mutation. It is a point mutation that results from the replacement of one purine or one pyrimidine with another. It is a point mutation that happens when pyrimidine is substituted for purine and vice versa. There are three types of point mutations based on transcriptional characteristics.

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Answer:

It prevents the cells from using oxygen. And because of this cells die.

Explanation:

Answer:

Should be D

Explanation:

All rivers go from higher to lower heights along a downhill slope that is perpendicular to the contour line above them. The V-shaped contour typically points upstream (the opposite direction from the flow of a stream or river).

A contour line is an imaginary line on a map that has all of its points at the same elevation above a datum plane, often mean sea level.

Contour lines are fictitious lines that connect places of similar height. Contouring is a technique for displaying height on a map by utilizing contour lines. This technique allows us to depict the three-dimensional reliefs on a flat map. curved lines.

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Mendel's five-part hypothesis, sometimes referred to as Mendel's principles of inheritance is a scientific explanation for how traits in living things are handed down from one generation to the next. It is mostly based on Mendel's observations and research on pea plants.

The dominance principle: Mendel noticed that although certain qualities (now known as recessive) were not expressed in the offspring, others (now known as dominant) were.

Mendel discovered that distinct features' determining factors now known as genes—separate during the development of reproductive cells (gametes) and reunite during fertilization. This is known as the concept of segregation.

Mendel discovered that the inheritance of one feature has no bearing on the inheritance of another, which is known as the independent assortment principle. Mendel discovered that when breeding true-breeding (homozygous) individuals, certain qualities remain constant while others change, and when breeding hybrid (heterozygous) people, other traits do not.

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False. An emergent property of an ecosystem is a property that arises out of the interactions between the components of the system, and is not attributable to any one component.

Rather, the fall colors are a result of the deciduous trees shedding their leaves in preparation for the winter. This is a seasonal phenomenon which is not characteristic of the ecosystem itself, but rather the individual species which exist within it.

The autumnal changes observed in the leaves of the trees, and the resulting show of vibrant colors, is a result of the trees’ response to the changing environmental conditions. The trees are adapting to the decreasing levels of sunlight, temperatures, and moisture, which occur in the autumn months.

The emergent properties of an ecosystem are more subtle and complex than the seasonal changes in the trees’ leaves. Such properties are the result of the interactions between the various living and nonliving components of the system, and can be seen in the ways that species interact and change over time.

This could include the way that species evolve in response to changes in their environment, the way that certain species are able to dominate the environment, or the way that resources are used and exchanged between species.

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A change in your cat's coat color may indicate a skin infection or allergy. It's not a skin problem that causes the coat to change, but it's because cats wash themselves more often than usual.

Illness and stress, especially if chronic or prolonged, can affect the appearance of a cat's coat, especially its shine and texture, and many cats shed excessive coat when stressed.

Sunlight can also change the color of your cat's fur, which will wash it out and make it less tonal. As they age, black cats can become grayish and orange cats can become yellowish. Outdoor cats may get more sunlight, but even indoor cats need sunlight.

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The chemical (ethyl mercaptan) added to the otherwise odourless LPG cooking gas for imparting a detectable smell to the gas is a compound of sulfur. The correct option is D.

Propane, propylene, butylene, isobutane, and n-butane are only a few of the volatile hydrocarbon gases found in liquefied petroleum gas, which is a fuel gas.

LPG is a fuel gas used in cars, cooking appliances, and heating appliances. LPG exists inside the cylinder as both a liquid and a vapour (gas).

In order to give the normally odourless LPG cooking gas a noticeable smell, a chemical called ethyl mercaptan is added that is a compound of sulfur.

Thus, the correct option is D.

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Based on the research given, the answer would be C. the amount of variation explained by the regression line

This statistic displays the percentage of the variance in the dependent variable that the independent factors collectively explain. The R-squared statistic offers a simple 0–100% scale to express the degree of the relationship between your model and the dependent variable.

Variation refers to any distinction between individuals within a species or between populations of animals from different species. Genetic diversity is primarily brought about by mutation, but it is also influenced by other biological processes as sexual reproduction and gene flow. Linear regression is a linear strategy for modelling the connection between a scalar answer and one or more explanatory factors. When there is only one explanatory variable, simple linear regression is employed; when there are many explanatory factors, multiple linear regression is utilised.

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The 4 factors that influence natural selection are given as, reproduction, heredity , variation in characteristics, variation in fitness .

The variation in phenotypic variance-driven individual survival and reproduction is known as natural selection. The generational evolution of a population's heritable features is a fundamental mechanism of evolution. By contrasting it with artificial selection, which in his opinion is intentional and natural selection is not, Charles Darwin popularized the phrase "natural selection."

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The biologist could use a process that separates by mass to divide a mixture of oligonucleotides and polynucleotides.

Short single strands of synthetic DNA or RNA called oligonucleotides, or oligos, are the basis for many molecular biology and synthetic biology applications. An oligo might be the starting point for anything from genetic testing to forensic analysis and next-generation sequencing. Through a number of techniques, including as RNA interference (RNAi), target degradation by RNase H-mediated cleavage, splicing modification, non-coding RNA inhibition, gene activation, and programmed gene editing, oligonucleotides can be used to modify the expression of certain genes. A polynucleotide is made up of several nucleotide monomers joined together by covalent bonds. A single polynucleotide molecule is made up of at least 14 nucleotide monomers arranged in a chain. Polynucleotides include ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

DNA is a polynucleotide chain with two strands.  

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In biology, models can be viewed as representations, or perhaps events, of the structure and function of biomolecules. Cells have to do several things. First, cells must either replicate themselves or expand. In our human body, cells do both. It replicates when it breaks the skin and expands for the winter. However, some cells do not divide. But the cell also needs to decide whether to make identical copies or four half-copies. Half copies have sexual reproduction. And that's the choice between mitosis and meiosis.

The advantages and disadvantages of using these maps when modeling mitosis are:

They represented intermediate phases consisting of G1, S and G2 phases.

They also listed the stages involved in mitosis. this is also good

Other images also show mitosis, but lack potentially confusing titles or captions. The model should be able to represent the different activities that occur during mitosis. That is, the second model should contain markers that indicate the mitotic process.

The first models had to include pictorial representations for better understanding.

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BB is a dominant purebred condition in which only one character or trait is expressed, such as if it is for black, then only black will be expressed as there are two alleles present and both are similar.

The term "purebred trait" refers to the presence of two dominant or two recessive alleles in genotypes such as BB and TT, and the parents with purebred traits inherit the gametes with a single type gene and no chance of variation is here.

Hence, BB is a dominant purebred condition in which only one character or trait is expressed, such as if it is for black, then only black will be expressed as there are two alleles present and both are similar.

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Answer:

Hello There!!

Explanation:

The answer is=>A.Photosynthesis is the process of trapping the energy of the sun and storing it in glucose. Cellular respiration is the process of releasing the energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose.

hope this helps,have a great day!!

~Pinky~

Sepals is a leaf-like structure that protects a developing flower bud until it opens as a fully formed flower.

What is a Sepal?

A sepal is a part of the flower that is typically located at the base of the petals. Sepals form a protective layer around the bud and are usually green in color. They are typically small and leaf-like and provide support and protection for the flower. Sepals can also be used to identify different species of flowers.

They are usually found in pairs or in a whorl of four or five, and they help to protect the delicate petals and reproductive organs at the center of the flower. They also support the flower and keep it upright. Sepals open up as the flower blooms, allowing the petals to open and the reproductive organs to be exposed.

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DNA is responsible for carrying the genetic information of living organisms. These nucleic acids come in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two strands of polynucleotides twisted together to form a double helix and is the genetic component of the development, function, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.

The function of DNA is to store all the genetic information that an organism needs to develop, function and reproduce.

All cells contain complete genes, but cells in different tissues and organs look and behave differently. This is because only a portion of each cell's DNA is used to make proteins.

The four roles played by DNA are replication, information encoding, mutation/recombination, and gene expression.

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Answer:

DNA has double helical structure in which the two strands run antiparallel and are connected through complementary base pair

Explanation:

Some of the physical properties of DNA are

a) It comprises of two strands that attaches with each other in a spiral helical manner thereby giving it a double-stranded helical structure

b) The two strand join each other through complementary base pairing in which A pairs with T and C pairs with G.

c) There is a phosphate group at 5' end and a hydroxyl group at 3' end.

d) Strands are antiparallel as one of the strand run in 5′to 3′direction and the other runs in a 3′ to 5′ direction.

An increase in the population of prey means more food for predators, which will increase the predators' population.

A predator is an organism which gets its food from the host after killing. It does not live in constant association with the host and this is known as predation.

The population of predator is directly proportional to prey but the population of prey is inversely proportional to a predators population.

As the prey population increases, there is more food for predators. So, after a slight lag, the predator population increases as well. As the number of predators increases, more prey are captured. As a result, the prey population starts to decrease.

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Answer:

Volcanic eruptions, there are more but that is all that I know

Part (a)

Enter the data into your calculator or a spreadsheet. Then perform an exponential regression to find the curve of best fit. This is the closest exponential function we can assign to each population, to measure it's approximate growth.

Let functions f, g and h represent group 1 through 3 in that exact order. You should get these approximate functions:

Note: Group 3 doesn't have its population start until 1995, which is 10 years after 1985. This means h(x) only works when [tex]x \ge 10[/tex] or it's meaningless otherwise.

Each function found is of the form y = a*b^x, where 'a' is the initial population (at time x = 0) and b helps determine the growth rate. We set b equal to 1+r and solve for r to get the growth rate.

For f(x), we have b = 0.92755 approximately. Set that equal to 1+r and solve for r

1+r = 0.92755

r = 0.92755-1

r = -0.07245

The negative growth rate indicates we have population decline. Specifically, the rate of decline is about 7.245%

Repeat those steps for the b value of g(x) and you should find that r = 0.00295 meaning we have roughly a 0.295% increase for Mussel group 2.

Group 3 has a growth rate of about 42.775% due to r = 0.42775 in this case. The steps will be the same as for group 1.

=========================================================

Part (b)

The graph is shown below as an image attachment. I used GeoGebra to make the graph, and to also find the exponential regression equations.

We have x as the number of years since 1985, which is the starting point, and y is the population size. Something like (0,4800) means in the year 1985, the population is 4800 mussels (see group 1).

Keep in mind that the green curve for h(x) doesn't make sense for positive x values smaller than 10, due to the fact that the third group wasn't introduced until 10 years after the starting point of 1985.

Also, be sure not to think that the blue g(x) curve is linear. It looks like a flat line, but it's really a very stretched out curve. This is because the growth rate is very small.

=========================================================

Part (c)

It appears that group 3 has caused group 1's population to decline, due to the red points (see part b) going downhill as we move from left to right. This drop-off occurs at around the time group 3 is introduced. Strangely, only group 1 is affected while group 2's population is still increasing. This increase is not much, but it's still a positive growth rate. So it's fairly likely that there are other confounding variables to consider, and it's not entirely group 3 that's causing the trouble.

=========================================================

Part (d)

There are many ways that people impact their environment, whether it's a positive or negative impact. When regarding this topic of marine life, specifically mussels, one way that humans affect the population is what was mentioned earlier: The fact that the third group of mussels was introduced to the habitat. Often, though not always, if you introduce a new species to some environment, then the species of animals already living there may have a hard time coping with the newcomer. The new species would be referred to as "an invasive species". The invasive species is more aggressive at getting food to crowd out the older species that isn't used to the newcomer. This may explain why Mussel group 1 experiences a decline after 1995 when group 3 is introduced. This decline is fairly significant as the graph in part (b) shows.  Group 2 doesn't seem to be affected at all since it's growth rate is fairly flat yet steadily increasing even if done slowly. It's possible that group 2 is simply more adapted to deal with competition better than group 1.

Another way humans impact the environment is through pollution. Air pollution may contribute to acid rainfall that would lead to the ocean. There's also chemical pollution such as flushing harmful chemicals down the drain, which also leads to the ocean. This could apply to the average consumer, or to very big industrial companies. For instance, in the news recently in Florida, there was a very big worry that a holding pond could contribute to a spike in algae growth. While algae are beneficial, there are some species that invade more than their fair share of resources and kill off anything else more or less. This is one example where pollution contributes to harmful consequences to unfortunate species who likely die off. On top of pollution, there's general habitat loss that also may explain why group 1 is experiencing a sharp decline (however it wouldn't explain why groups 2 and 3 are growing).

Answer:

Physical.

Explanation:

These scientists group the found fossil with birds on the basis of physical structures because first the scientists relate the fossil to the feathers of the bird and later the scientists relate it to the bone structure to determine the resemblance between the birds and the fossil of an obscure group of small dinosaurs so we can conclude that the scientists observe the found fossil on the basis of physiological characteristics of that fossil.

A curriculum developed by an outside group for use by others is called a canned program. So option b is correct.

A canned program is a pre-packaged curriculum that is designed and developed by an outside organization or group. It is then made available for use by other individuals or organizations without the need for significant modification or customization.

Canned programs are often used in education, where they are commonly used by schools or school districts to provide a standardized curriculum for students. They are also used in other fields, such as business and healthcare, where they provide a set of guidelines and procedures that are intended to be followed by employees or practitioners.

Canned programs are often developed by experts in a particular field, such as educators or subject matter experts, and are based on current research and best practices. They can be a valuable resource for organizations that do not have the resources or expertise to develop their own curriculum.

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Answer:

Density = mass/volume = 57g/4.2 mL ≈ 13.6 g/mL

Explanation:

Mass = 57 g                              Volume = 4.2 mL

The density of mercury is ⇒ 13.6 g/cm3.

Trust me I got it wrong and it gave me this. I just did the instruction.

Answer:

the disintegrated rock material usually unconsolidated and unchanged or only slightly changed that underlies and generally gives rise to the true soil by the natural process of soil development. — called also source material.

Explanation:

Here is a possible plan for investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of digestion of starch by the enzyme amylase:

Hypothesis: Increasing the temperature will increase the rate of digestion of starch by the enzyme amylase.

Equipment and techniques:

1. Microscope and microscope slides

2. Hot plate or incubator to control temperature

3. Stopwatch or timer

4. Starch solution

5. Amylase enzyme solution

6. Water bath to maintain temperature

Justification: The microscope and microscope slides will be used to observe the digestion of starch by amylase. The hot plate or incubator will be used to control the temperature of the reaction. The stopwatch or timer will be used to measure the time required for the starch to be digested. The starch solution and amylase enzyme solution will be used to carry out the reaction. The water bath will be used to maintain the temperature of the reaction.

Health and safety:

1. Wear protective goggles to protect the eyes from splashes

2. Handle the solutions and enzymes carefully to avoid spills or splashes

3. Follow proper laboratory safety guidelines, such as not eating or drinking in the lab

Step-by-step method for data collection and analysis:

1. Set up the microscope and prepare the microscope slides.

2. Prepare several starch solutions with different temperatures, using the hot plate or incubator to control the temperature.

3. Add a drop of amylase enzyme solution to each starch solution.

4. Place the slides under the microscope and start the timer.

5. Observe the digestion of the starch at regular intervals, using the stopwatch or timer to measure the time required for the starch to be digested.

5. Record the time required for the starch to be digested at each temperature.

6. Repeat the experiment several times to obtain a reliable average.

7. Plot the data on a graph, with temperature on the x-axis and time required for starch digestion on the y-axis.

8. Analyze the data to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of starch digestion.

Control variables:

1. The concentration of the starch solution should be kept constant.

2. The concentration of the amylase enzyme solution should be kept constant.

3. The pH of the solutions should be kept constant.

4. The volume of the solutions should be kept constant.

Brief method for data collection and analysis:

1. Collect data by observing the digestion of starch at different temperatures and recording the time required for the starch to be digested.

2. Plot the data on a graph and analyze the trend to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of starch digestion.

3. Compare the results with the hypothesis to determine whether the hypothesis is supported or not.

The female reproductive system produces a reproductive cell called egg . These cells are produced in the ovaries. Then they travel to fallopian tube and finally to the uterus.

What is the female reproductive system?

The outer part of the female genitalia is called the vulva, which means covering. The vulva is located between the legs and covers the opening to the vagina and other reproductive organs of the body.

Female reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. A female reproductive system enables a woman to:

Ovaries have her two main reproductive functions in the body. They produce oocytes (eggs) for fertilization and produce the reproductive hormones estrogen, progesterone, and androgens.

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Answer:

d) buoyancy

Explanation:

Buoyancy can be defined as an upward force which is created by the water displaced by an object.

According to Archimede's principle, it is directly proportional to the amount (weight) of water that is being displaced by an object.

Thus, the greater the amount of water an object displaces; the greater is the force of buoyancy pushing the object up.

The buoyancy of an object is given by the formula;

[tex] Fb = pgV [/tex]

[tex] But, \; V = Ah [/tex]

[tex] Hence, \; Fb = pgAh [/tex]

Where;

Fb = buoyant force of a liquid acting on an object.

g = acceleration due to gravity.

p = density of the liquid.

v = volume of the liquid displaced.

h = height of liquid (water) displaced by an object.

A = surface area of the floating object.

The unit of measurement for buoyancy is Newton (N).

Additionally, the density of a fluid is directly proportional to the buoyant force acting on it i.e as the density of a liquid decreases, buoyancy decreases and vice-versa.

Boats are able to stay afloat because of the force caused by buoyancy. This simply means that, a boat is able to float because the volume of water it displaces weigh more than its own weight. Thus, if a boat or any physical object weighs more than the volume of water it displaces, it would sink; otherwise, it floats.