5.the acyl group is a protecting group for amines which can be deprotected by treatment with sodium hydroxide. please write mechanisms for both the protection and deprotection steps

Answer:

C

Explanation:

this is because the rest talk about the findings of protons,neutrons and electrons.

Answer:

Andrew made landfall at 5 a.m. as a Category 5 — at the time only the third Category 5 to land on U.S. soil — just south of Miami with top winds at 165 mph and a 16.9-foot storm surge

Explanation:

For one thing, carbon atoms are remarkable in the chemical world because they can combine to form extraordinarily long, strong chains with branches or rings of varying widths. The correct option is D.

The most distinctive feature of a carbon atom is its ability to self-combinate or catenate. This characteristic is very important since it produces a lot of organic or carbon-based chemicals. Numerous atoms can be joined to the lengthy carbon chain in various ways to create a vast array of carbon compounds.

Since carbon possesses four valence electrons, it can make four covalent bonds to reach its full outer energy level. It creates molecules known as hydrocarbons when it solely forms bonds with hydrogen.

Thus the correct option is D.

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The patient has not received an overdose because only 150 mg of the drug was given instead of 202.488mg which is the maximum recommended dose.

The weight of the patient= 135lb

The weight of patient in Kg is calculated as follows,

1 kg = 2.2lb

Xkg = 135Ib

Xkg= 135/2.2

Xkg = 61.36kg

The maximum recommended dose for the drug = 3.3mg/kg

That is, if 3.3 mg = 1 kg

Xmg = 61.36kg

Xmg = 61.36 × 3.3 = 202.488mg

The number of teaspoon administered = 2 = 10ml each containing 75mg of the drug.

The patient received 75 mg ×2 = 150mg of drug.

Therefore, the patient has not received an overdose because only 150 mg of the drug was given instead of 202.488mg which is the maximum recommended dose.

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a) The substances in A and B mix and the result is depicted in C is chemical change.

b) The substances in A and B mix and the result is depicted in D is chemical change.

c) Under a third set of conditions, the sample depicted in C changes to that in D is a kind of physical change.

d) When the change in part (c) occurs both the sample formed have same chemical properties.

In first case,

When the substances A and B mix and the result is depicted in C this implies that A and B react to give another substance C. Since C contain atoms of both A and B therefore, it have different property than A and B. So, it is a kind of chemical change.

In second case,

When the substances A and B mix and the result is depicted in D this implies that A and B react to give another substance D in different set of condition. Since D also contain atoms of both A and B therefore, it also have different property than A and B. So, it is a kind of chemical change.

In third case,

As we know that C and D both formed by the reaction between A and B in different set of conditions. So, we can say that C and D basically differ from each other in terms of state. So, C can be converted into D by either cooling or boiling. So, it is a kind of physical change.

In fourth case,

Since, we found that both C and D are differ in state of matter but they have same Chemical properties as both are formed of A and B. So, we can say that, C and D have same chemical properties but have different Physical properties.

Thus, we concluded that when A and B react to form C and in other case form D it is Chemical change. When C converted into D, it is physical change while both have same chemical properties.

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Ions form the proton number of an atom is changed. The correct option is A.

Thus, An atom will be neutrally charged if its protons and electrons are equal in number. An ion is created when an atom's protons and electrons are different numbers.

It is technically possible to make an ion if the number of protons varies but the number of electrons stays the same. The identity of the atom is determined by the amount of protons, not by the atom itself, which will change.

An isotope would be produced if the neutron count varied. An ion will also form if the number of electrons changes because this will cause a change in charge.

Thus, Ions form the proton number of an atom is changed. The correct option is A.

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The reasonable ground - state electron configuration is 1s² 2s²2p⁶

1) Electron configuration is defined as the arrangement of electron in the atomic orbtials.

2)The ground state electron configuration is lowest energy level and have most stable arrangement.

3) An excited state configuration is a higher energy level.

4) According to Aufbau principle ., electrons will occupy the orbitals of lower energies first then occupying higher energy orbitals.

5) Energy of orbitals is calculated by the sum of principle quantum number and azimuthal quantum numbers.

6) The rule of electron filling in the orbital is from lower energy level to higher energy level.

7) According to this rule electrons are filled in the order of 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s ........and so on.

8) According to pauli principle , maximum two electrons, having opposite spin can fit in orbital.

9) According to Hund's rule , orbital in given sub-shell is singly occupied by electrons before filling second electron in an orbital.

10) The ground state configuration is the arrangement of electron around the nucleus of an atom with lower energy levels.

Hence,The reasonable ground-state electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶

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The Lewis dot structure are given as: dot represents total no. of valence electron around an atomic symbol.

Calcium                    Calcium ion

   Ca :                              Ca[tex]^{2+}[/tex]

Sodium                     Sodium ion

   Na ·                              Na[tex]^{+}[/tex]

Aluminium                 Aluminium ion

   ·Al :                               Al[tex]^{3+}[/tex]

Barium                        Barium ion

  Ba :                                Ba[tex]^{+}[/tex]

Magnesium                Magnesium ion

   Mg :                                Mg[tex]^{2+}[/tex]

Cesium                       cesium ion

   Cs ·                                Cs[tex]^{+}[/tex]

Lithium                      Lithium ion

    Li ·                            Li[tex]^{+}[/tex]

Thus, In Lewis dot structure , one dot for every valence  electron with element's symbol.it describe the bonding atoms, no, of bonds in molecules and the lone pairs left in bonding. A single dot represents one electron.Lewis  symbols shows no. of valence electron of a specific elements.

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The individual mass of C, H and O in given sample are 0.5196 g, 0.0374 g and 0.1979 g respectively.

Moles of CO2 formed can be calculated as

= Mass of CO2 / Molar mass of CO2

= 1.9061 / 44 = 0.0433 moles

Now, moles of C which is present in one mole of CO2 = 1 mole

Moles of C in 0.0433 moles of CO2 = 0.0433 moles

As we know that, molar mass of C = 12 g / mol

Mass of C in 0.7549 g of given sample can be calculated as

= 0.0433 × 12 =0.5196 g

Mass of H2O formed = 0.3370 g

Similarly, Molar Mass of H2O = 18 g / mol

Moles of H2O = 0.3370 / 18 = 0.0187 moles

Moles of H present in 1 mole of H2O = 2 moles

Moles of H present in 0.0187 mole of H2O = 2 × 0.0187 = 0.0374 moles

Molar mass of H = 1 g / mol

Mass of H contained in 0.7549 g of sample = 1 × 0.0374= 0.0374 g

Mass of O in 0.7549 g sample can be calculated as

= 0.7549 – [(Mass of C ) + (Mass of H) ]

= 0.7549 – [ (0.5196) + (0.0374) ]

= 0.1979 g

Thus, we calculated that the individual mass of C, H and O in given sample are 0.5196 g, 0.0374 g and 0.1979 g respectively.

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DISCLAIMER: THE above question is incomplete. Complete question is given below:

A 0.7549g sample of the compound burns in o2(g) to produce 1.9061g of co2(g) and 0.3370g of h2o(g). Calculate the individual mass of C, H and O in the given sample.

The mass of copper piece use is 13.9 J/K

We are given:

• Initial temperature of copper, [tex]T_{Cu, i}[/tex] = 100°C

• Mass of water, [tex]m_{water}[/tex] = 50 g

• Initial temperature of water,[tex]T_w, i[/tex] = 20°C

• Final temperature, [tex]T_f[/tex] = 25°C

• Specific heat capacity of water, [tex]c_{water}[/tex]= 4.18 J/gK

From the given information, we need to determine the heat capacity of the copper ( [tex]C_{Cu}[/tex]).

The heat released by the copper can be calculated as:

[tex]Q_{Cu}=C_{Cu}(T_{f } - T_{Cu, i})[/tex]

While the heat absorbed by the water can be calculated as:

[tex]Q_{water}=m_{water}c_{water}(T_{f } - T_{w, i})[/tex]

we can assume that the heat released by the copper is just fully absorbed by the water. The sum of the two heats is zero.

[tex]Q_{Cu} + Q_{water } = 0[/tex]

[tex]C_{Cu}(T_f - T_{Cu, i}) + m_{water}c_{water}(T_f - T_{w,i} ) = 0[/tex]

Since we want to calculate the heat capacity of copper, we can rearrange the equation to obtain an equation for [tex]C_{Cu}[/tex].

[tex]C_{Cu}= \frac{ m_{water}c_{water}(T_f - T_{w,i} )} {(T_f - T_{Cu, i})}[/tex]

Since we are given the necessary information to solve the problem, we can just substitute the given values in the equation. Please note that the difference in temperatures in Kelvin is the same as the difference in temperatures in °C. So in this case, we can simply plug in the temperature values without changing them to Kelvin first.

[tex]C_{Cu}= \frac{ m_{water}c_{water}(T_f - T_{w,i} )} {(T_f - T_{Cu, i})} = \frac{(50g)(4.18J/gK)(25\textdegree C - 20\textdegree C)}{25\textdegree C-100\textdegree C}[/tex]

[tex]C_{Cu} = 13.9 J/K[/tex]

Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical property of matter, defined as the amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature.

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The value that would be put in the numerator of this calibration would be 10° C .

The process of calibrating an instrument involves setting it up such that it can produce results for samples that are within a reasonable range. A key component of instrumentation design is eliminating or reducing conditions that lead to faulty measurements.

In order to ascertain the mistake or confirm the precision of the unknown value of the DUT, a calibration is normally carried out. As a simple illustration, you may calibrate a DUT thermometer by measuring its temperature in water at its known boiling point (212 degrees Fahrenheit) in order to determine the thermometer's inaccuracy.

To obtain accurate readings, a thermometer must be calibrated because its precision is susceptible to deterioration over time. Thermometers can change over time for a variety of reasons.

Hence, The value that would be put in the numerator would be 10° C because difference between two marked values or space between two marked value is 10.

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In simple summary form, the calvin cycle requires an input of 3 CO₂ for every product that is formed and the output product is a three-carbon molecule, which is used for glucose synthesis.

Calvin cycle is light-independent (dark) reactions or carbon reactions.

In photosynthesis (convert light energy into chemical energy), the carbon in carbon(IV) oxide is being reduced to form glucose.

The pigment chlorophyll absorbs one photon and loses one electron (it passed throw an electron transport chain) in the light-dependent reactions.

The enzyme RuBisCO takes carbon(IV) oxide in the light-independent reactions.

During Calvin cycle, three molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂) are combined with hydrogen ions to form three carbon-molecules (see the picture).

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Answer:

0.0159 Liters

Explanation:

15.9 ÷ 1E3 aka 1000 = 0.0159 liters

milli means 1000 of something

D

Explination: During condensation, a substance is changed from the gaseous to the liquid state of matter. Vaporization, which is more often referred to as "boiling," is the complementary process in which a chemical is converted from the liquid state of matter to a gaseous physical form.

The difference between Macro and Micro soil organisms is that macro soil organisms can be seen through the eyes but micro soil organisms cannot be seen through the eye, they can be seen under the microscope. Micro organisms are called soil / micro flora while macro organisms are called soil / macro fauna.

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Sunlight energy can be converted by photosynthesis into chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates, which can then be used by the body for cellular respiration. Humans employ oxygen and carbohydrates, the byproducts of photosynthesis, to create energy, water, and carbon dioxide. Human breath carbon dioxide is used by the plant to complete photosynthesis.

Green plants and certain other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis. Light energy is gathered and utilized during photosynthesis in green plants to change the water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen- and energy-rich organic molecules.

It is impossible to overstate the role that photosynthesis plays in sustaining life on Earth. There would soon be little food or other organic materials on Earth if photosynthesis stopped. The majority of life would vanish, and eventually, the atmosphere of Earth would contain almost no gaseous oxygen. Only chemosynthetic bacteria, which can use the chemical energy of specific inorganic substances and are not reliant on the conversion of light energy, would be able to survive in such an environment.

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The crystalline allotropes of sulfur are very strong and have a high melting and boiling point while the amorphous allotropes of sulfur are brittle and breaks easily.

A crystalline substance is one that has a definite arrangement of the atoms in the substance. An amorphous substance lacks this definite arrangement. We can see this arrangement when we conduct an X-ray crystallography of the sulfur.

Also, the crystalline allotropes of sulfur are very strong and have a high melting and boiling point while the amorphous allotropes of sulfur are brittle and breaks easily.

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Temperature is 273 Kelvin and pressure is 1 bar.

Given - 10 mol of gas at STP

Temperature = ?

Pressure = ?

STP -  STP or Standard Temperature and Pressure, refers to the nominal atmospheric conditions at sea level. 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere are the respective temperatures and pressures. The STP value is essential for physicists, chemists, engineers, pilots, and navigators in addition to other specialists.

In order to report on the qualities of matter, standard conditions for temperature (T) and pressure (P) relate to a certain temperature and pressure. STP values are frequently applied in gas experiments.

STP was previously defined as follows by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC):

It is 0 degrees Celsius outside (273.15 degrees Kelvin or 32 degrees Fahrenheit)

One atmosphere (101.325 kilopascal or 760 Torr)

This usage of the term has been dropped. However, the definition of the volume (V) term normal cubic meter continues to be often employed under these circumstances. The IUPAC has used a stricter definition of STP since 1982:

Absolute pressure: 105 Pa or 100,000 pascals (1 bar, 14.5 pounds per square inch, 0.98692 atm).

Hence, Temperature is 273 Kelvin and pressure is 1 bar at STP.

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Only 2.5 moles of CO2 can be produced since oxygen is the limiting reaction.

4molCH4 x (1molCO2/1molCH4) =4 mol CO2

5 mol O2 x (1molCO2/2molO2) =2.5 molCO2

Only 2.5 moles of CO2 can be produced since oxygen is the limiting reaction.

Co2 is used as a refrigerant, in extinguishers, to blow coal, foam rubber and plastics, inflate life rafts and life jackets, blast coal, promote plant growth in greenhouses, immobilise animals before slaughter, and in carbonated drinks.

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A scientist monitors the reaction between two gases in a closed container and the rate would increase  if the scientist increases the temperature in the container because higher temperature would increase the number of collisions .

So , first option is correct one .

In the closed vessel the pressure is constant  . So, we already know that temperature affects a reaction's rate . The rate of a reaction increases with temperature . For instance, the time needed to melt a metal will be substantially longer at a lower temperature than it will be once the temperature is increase .

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According to the research, the correct option is a bar graph. It is the best way to show the lead levels in six contaminated water wells.

It is a graph that is used to show the changes that the data have undergone by graphing the data in bars, representing the frequencies by means of columns (or bars), through their height in a Cartesian plane.

It is a way of summarizing a set of data by categories, allowing different values to be compared using bars of different sizes.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is a bar graph. It is the best way to show the lead levels in six contaminated water wells.

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the value represented by 4.5x10-6 g is 0.0000045 g it is a representation  in standard notation

To express enormous figures which are in standard notation like 1,300,000 or exceedingly minuscule quantities like 0.0000000000045, scientists use scientific notation. Scientific notation, also referred to as exponential form, is one of the earliest mathematical techniques. It is well regarded by practitioners. People use scientific notation to handle situations where numbers are too large or too small to be calculated easily. Scientists, engineers, and mathematicians all use this technique. where as standard notation is way writing numbers in normal decimal form. The scientific method id most convenient denoting numbers as the numbers will be either too big or too small.

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Answer:

b

Explanation:

well acids are acidic and bases are basic so they nutralize it

Option (b) They can neutralize acids, which is true about bases.

A substance that neutralizes acid is a base and this is soluble in water and is an alkali. however, all bases are not soluble in water. for that reason, All alkali are based totally however all bases are not alkali.

Bases are known as Arrhenius bases, Brønsted bases, and Lewis bases. All definitions agree that bases are substances that react with acids as firstly proposed by G.-F. Rouelle in the mid-18th century.

Neutralize acids, a susceptible base is used. Bases have a sour or astringent taste and a pH of more than 7. common bases are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide. Bases are neutralized by means of the usage of a weak acid.

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Answer: c = 2.99792458 x 108m/s

Explanation: This equation is the speed of light in a medium having an index n, and c represents the speed of light in vacuum.

Answer:

0.00265m³

Explanation:

from cm³ to m³, divide by 1000000.

2650/1000000

=0.00265m³

The atom that contains only one electron in the highest occupied energy sublevel is (c) Ga

A sublevel is the division of the principle energy levels. There are infinite numbers of sublevels but the defined are: s, p, d and f.

These energy levels are used to predict and explain the chemical bonds which atoms can form. The equation that allows for finding the distributions for an electron is the Schrodinger's equation.

For the options gave we have the following sublevels:

(a) S = [Ne] 3s2 3p4

(b) Ca = [Ar] 4s2

(c) Ga = [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1

(d) Sb =[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3

(e) Br = [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p5

As we can see the only atom that has one electron in the highest occupied energy sublevel is Gallium

The atom is the smallest part of the composition of matter, it is indivisible and is composed of a nucleus that has protons and neutrons, and around the nucleus there are the electrons.

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Natural gas contains methane (CH[tex]4[/tex]), which is used to produce hydrogen by thermal processes like stem-methane reformation and partial oxidation.

In steam-methane reforming, which is the most common method to produce hydrogen, high temperature steam (700°C - 1000°C). The pressure required is 3-25 bar pressure, in the presence of a catalyst. Steam reforming is an endothermic process. Carbon monoxide and steam are reacted using catalyst to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Partial oxidation is an exothermic process. It is much faster than steam reforming. This method initially produces less hydrogen.

These processes are more preferred because the use of petroleum is low and the emissions is also low. Total greenhouse gases emission is cut.

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The percentage of the first cation that remained in the solution when the second cation starts to precipitate is 12.86%.

[tex]Ca ^{ + } in \: the \: solution \: = 0.0440[/tex]

[tex]Ag ^{ + } \: in \: the \: solution = 0.0940[/tex]

The balanced reaction for the equation is,

[tex]Ag_{3} PO _{4} →3Ag ^{3 + } + \: PO ^{3 - } _{4}[/tex]

[tex]Solubility \: product \: constant \: of[/tex]

[tex]Ag_{3} PO _{4} = 8.89 \times 10 ^{ - 17} [/tex]

[tex]k _{s} =[Ag ^{ + } ]^{3} \: [PO _{4} ^{3 - } ] [/tex]

[tex]8.89 \times 10 ^{ - 7} = (0.940) ^{3} \: [PO _{4} ^{3 - } ] [/tex]

[tex] \frac{8.89 \times 10 ^{ - 7}} { (0.940) ^{3}} = \: [PO _{4} ^{3 - } ] [/tex]

[tex] [PO _{4} ^{3 - } ] = 1.07 \times 10 ^{ - 13} [/tex]

The balanced equation for the reaction is,

[tex]Ca_{3} (PO _{4}) _{2}→3Ca ^{2 + } + 2PO _{4} ^{3 - } [/tex]

[tex]The \: solubility \: product \: constant \: of [/tex]

[tex]Ca_{3} (PO _{4}) _{2} = 2.07 \times 10 ^{ -32} [/tex]

[tex]k _{s} = [Ca ^{ 2 + } ] ^{ 3} \: (PO _{4}) _{2}[/tex]

[tex]2.07 \times 10 ^{ - 33} = (0.0440)^{3} \: (PO _{4} ^{3 - } )^{2} [/tex]

[tex] [PO _{4} ^{3 - } ] = \frac{2.07 \times 10 ^{ - 33} }{(0.0440)^{3} }[/tex]

[tex](PO _{4} ^{3 - }) = 4.93 \times 10 ^{ - 15} [/tex]

[tex]Ca_{3} (PO _{4}) _{2} \: will \: precipitate \: first.[/tex]

[tex]Concentration \: of \: Ca ^{ + 2} \: when \:[/tex]

the second cation starts to precipitate.

[tex]k _{s} = [Ca ^{ + 2} ] ^{ 3} \: (PO _{4} ^{3 - } ) ^{2} [/tex]

[tex]2.07 \times 10 ^{ - 33} = [Ca ^{ + 2}] ^{3} \: \times 10 ^{ - 33} [1.07 \times 10 ^{ - 13} ] ^{2} [/tex]

[tex] [Ca ^{ + 2}] = 0.00566[/tex]

The percentage of the first cation that remained in the solution when the second cation starts to precipitate is,

[tex]percentage \: \: of \: remaining \: Ca ^{ + 2} = \frac{concentration \: remaining}{initial \: concentration } [/tex]

[tex] = \frac{0.00566}{0.044} \times 100[/tex]

= 12.86 %

Therefore, the percentage of the first cation that remained in the solution when the second cation starts to precipitate is 12.86%.

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