5. Monthly and yearly business investment costs vary greatly depending on the type of business you are running. Common monthly or yearly costs that companies incur include:
Rent and mortgage payments, utilities, employee salaries, insurance, advertising, and supplies.6. The 1099 tax incentive helps offset some of these investment costs by allowing you to deduct certain expenses from your taxable income. This includes the cost of goods sold, business-related travel expenses, business-related equipment costs, etc. Deducting these costs reduces your total taxable income, which can reduce your tax liability. This is a great benefit for businesses as it helps them save costs and invest in their business. However, it is important to accurately record all expenses and consult a tax advisor to ensure that you take advantage of all available tax benefits.
A tax benefit refers to a reduction in the amount of tax that an individual or business is required to pay to the government. Tax benefits can come in various forms, such as deductions, credits, exemptions, or exclusions, and they are intended to encourage certain behaviors or activities that the government deems desirable, such as investing in retirement savings, purchasing a home, or making charitable donations. Tax benefits can help reduce the tax burden on individuals and businesses, and can also help promote economic growth and social welfare by incentivizing specific actions.
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What are main steps in creating a computer (mathematical) model?
What types of models do you know?
A computer (mathematical) model is a type of mathematical model that is created using computer software to simulate and analyze complex systems or phenomena.
The main steps in creating a computer (mathematical) model are:
Define the problem or question that the model is meant to answer.Collect data relevant to the problem or question.Formulate a mathematical model using the collected data.Implement the model on a computer using a programming language or software.Analyze the results of the model and make any necessary adjustments.Validate the model by comparing its results with real-world data.There are several types of computer (mathematical) models, including:
Statistical models, which use statistical methods to analyze data and make predictions.Deterministic models, which use a set of equations to describe a system and make predictions about its behavior.Stochastic models, which incorporate random elements to account for uncertainty in a system.Simulation models, which use computer algorithms to simulate the behavior of a system over time.For more such questions on computer, click on:
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A company's equity has beta 1.2. The risk-free rate is 3%, and the average return on the market portfolio is 7%. Answer the following questions:
The current dividend yield is 4%. Investors discount into the share price a sustainable growth rate in the dividend payments of g. What is your estimate of g?
The current payout ratio is 0.6, expected to remain constant in the foreseeable future. Next year the firm’s earnings per share are expected to be £10. What is the expected price per share next year?
Suppose the firm changes its payout ratio. Do you expect the share price to change due to the change in dividend policy?
The company's equity has a beta of 1.2, which means that it is more volatile than the market as a whole. The risk-free rate is 3%, and the average return on the market portfolio is 7%.
To estimate the sustainable growth rate in the dividend payments of g, we can use the Gordon Growth Model. The formula for this model is:
g = (1 - payout ratio) x ROE
In this case, the payout ratio is 0.6, and the ROE can be calculated as follows:
ROE = (dividend yield x price) / equity
ROE = (0.04 x price) / equity
ROE = 0.04 x (price / equity)
ROE = 0.04 x (1 / 1.2)
ROE = 0.0333
Therefore, the sustainable growth rate in the dividend payments of g is:
g = (1 - 0.6) x 0.0333
g = 0.01332
To calculate the expected price per share next year, we can use the Dividend Discount Model. The formula for this model is:
Price = (dividend / (discount rate - growth rate))
In this case, the dividend is 0.6 x £10 = £6, the discount rate is 0.07, and the growth rate is 0.01332.
Therefore, the expected price per share next year is:
Price = (£6 / (0.07 - 0.01332))
Price = £101.45
If the firm changes its payout ratio, the share price may change due to the change in dividend policy. This is because the payout ratio affects the sustainable growth rate in the dividend payments of g, which in turn affects the expected price per share next year.
If the payout ratio increases, the sustainable growth rate in the dividend payments of g will decrease, and the expected price per share next year will also decrease. Conversely, if the payout ratio decreases, the sustainable growth rate in the dividend payments of g will increase, and the expected price per share next year will also increase.
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Scholarships, grants and work study money all reduce the of high education
Grants can be of various types. The net cost of higher education is reduced by scholarships, grants, and work-study funding. The annual cost of attendance for the college, excluding grants, scholarships, tuition waivers, and other financial aid.
Why is scholarship advantageous?By reducing the financial barrier, scholarship supports the advancement of your academic and professional ambitions. All of your financial worries disappear if you receive a scholarship. You can use the extra time to study, learn, and earn higher marks.
What percentage of students receive scholarships, and how much?A 22 percent decline from the previous year, the typical scholarship payout in 2022 was $6,041 instead of $7,012. Sixty percent of American families paid for college with scholarships during the 2021–22 school year.
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How many years will it take Jack to pay off his debt of $5,700 at a simple rate of 8.5% and pay a total interest of $1,090? 7. Find the principal of a loan taken at 8% for 3 years when the total interest is $516. 8. What is the current value of a loan taken at 3% for 4 years if the interest paid is $1,350? 9. What is the current value of a loan taken at 7% for 5 years if the borrower has to pay a total of $11,500? 10. If you deposit $600 at a bank paying 44% simple interest, how much will you collect after 11 months? 11. If you want your balance to be $8,000 in 4 years and if you deposit your money at a bank paying 62%, how much is the initial deposit? 12. Find the amount of money that $700 would grow to if you leave it for 6 years at a bank paying 112% simple interest? 13. What is the rate of interest for Linda, who saved $2,500 in her havings account and collected $2,590 after 20 months?
Jack take to pay off his Principle loan 6.57 years. the personal loan is $3,883, The current value is $9,708, and the interest is 8.64%.
A1:The formula for calculating this is: N = [log (1+ (I/P) * P)]/ [log (1+ I/P)] where N is the number of years,
I is the total interest paid, and P is the principal amount.
In this case, N = [log (1+ (1090/5700) * 5700)]log (1+ 1090/5700)] = 6.57 years.
A7: The answer of principal loan is $3,883.
The formula for calculating this is: P = I/(1+R*T) where P is the principal,
I is the total interest, R is the rate of interest, and T is the term of the loan.
In this case, P = 516/(1+0.08*3) = $3,883.
A8: The answer is current value of the loan $12,272.
The formula for calculating this is: P = I/(R*T)
where P is the current value, I is the total interest, R is the rate of interest, and T is the term of the loan.
In this case, P = 1350/(0.03*4) = $12,272.
A9: The current value of the loan is $9,708.
The formula for calculating this is: P = I/(R*T)
where P is the current value, I is the total interest, R is the rate of interest, and T is the term of the loan.
In this case, P = 11,500/ (0.07*5) = $9,708.
A10: You will collect $904 after 11 months.
The formula for calculating this is: P (1 + R*T)
where P is the principal amount, R is the rate of interest, and T is the time period.
In this case, P (1 + 0.44*11) = $904.
A11: The initial deposit will be $3,719.
The formula for calculating this is: P = B/ (1 + R*T)
where P is the initial deposit, B is the balance, R is the rate of interest, and T is the time period.
In this case, P = 8,000/ (1 + 0.62*4) = $3,719.
A12: The amount of money will be $5,127.
The formula for calculating this is: P (1 + R*T)
where P is the principal amount, R is the rate of interest, and T is the time period.
In this case, P (1 + 1.12*6) = $5,127.
A13: The rate of interest for Linda is 8.64%.
The formula for calculating this is: R = [P(1+R*T)-P]/(P*T)
where P is the principal amount, R is the rate of interest, and T is the time period.
In this case, R = [2500(1+R*20)-2500]/(2500*20) = 0.0864, or 8.64%.
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The common stock of Gillen Entertainment is selling for $65 a share. The par value per share is $1. Currently, the firm has a total market value of $936,000. How many shares of stock will be outstanding if the firm does a 5-for-2 stock split?
18,000 shares
32,200 shares
9,600 shares
36,000 shares
36,000 shares of stock will be outstanding if the firm does a 5-for-2 stock split . (4)
To find the number of shares outstanding after a stock split, you need to first find the number of shares outstanding before the split. This can be done by dividing the total market value by the current stock price:
936,000 / 65 = 14,400 shares
Next, you need to apply the stock split ratio. In this case, the firm is doing a 5-for-2 stock split, which means that for every 2 shares of stock a shareholder owns, they will receive 5 new shares. To find the new number of shares outstanding, you can multiply the current number of shares by the ratio of new shares to old shares:
14,400 * (5 / 2) = 36,000 shares
Therefore, after the 5-for-2 stock split, there will be 36,000 shares of Gillen Entertainment's common stock outstanding.
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Da Silva and Ehlers are partners in a Green Hydrogen business named DaEh. They specialise in the consultancies and research services, wherby they advise governments on the African continent. Da Silva and Ehlers share profits and losses in the ratio 3:2 according to their partnership agreement. The following Trial Balance was extracted from the financial records of the partnership 31 December 2017: Fischer is a specialist in the green energy industry. Due to the prospects of business growth Da Silva and Ehlers decided to admit Fischer as from 01 January 2018 as a partner under the following terms and conditions: • Fischer will receive 1/5 of the profits and losses. • Da Silva and Ehlers will contribute in the ratio 2:1 towards Fischer’s 1/5 profit share. • Fischer must pay N$ 180 0000 for her 1/5 share in the partnership’s assets. • The assets of the partnership were re-valued on 01 January 2018 and the revaluation account revealed a surplus of N$ 60 000. • The new partnership states inter alia: ▪ The partners will not make use of current accounts anymore; therefore all current accounts must be closed off to their capital accounts. ▪ The accounting records will not show any good will. DR CR Capital- Da Silva 381 000 Capital - Ehlers 234 000 Current account- Da Silva 90 000 Current account- Ehlers 60 000 Bank 90 000 FACULTY OF COMMERCE, MANAGEMENT AND LAW Page 11 of 25 You are required to: 1.1 Calculate the new profit sharing ratio after the admission of Fischer. (6 marks
The new profit sharing ratio after the admission of Fischer is 14:8:3 for Da Silva, Ehlers, and Fischer, respectively.
The new profit sharing ratio after the admission of Fischer can be calculated as follows:
1. First, we need to determine the total profit sharing ratio before Fischer's admission. This is 3:2 for Da Silva and Ehlers, respectively.
2. Next, we need to determine Fischer's profit sharing ratio. According to the terms and conditions, Fischer will receive 1/5 of the profits and losses.
3. We also need to take into account that Da Silva and Ehlers will contribute in the ratio 2:1 towards Fischer's 1/5 profit share. This means that Da Silva will contribute 2/3 of Fischer's 1/5 profit share, and Ehlers will contribute 1/3 of Fischer's 1/5 profit share.
4. To calculate the new profit sharing ratio, we need to subtract Fischer's profit share from Da Silva and Ehlers' profit shares, and then add their contributions to Fischer's profit share.
5. Da Silva's new profit share = 3 - (2/3 * 1/5) = 14/15
6. Ehlers' new profit share = 2 - (1/3 * 1/5) = 8/15
7. Fischer's new profit share = 1/5
8. Therefore, the new profit sharing ratio after the admission of Fischer is 14:8:3 for Da Silva, Ehlers, and Fischer, respectively.
9. This can be simplified to 14/25:8/25:3/25, or 14:8:3.
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Why is it important to check that the capacity, repayment
comfortability and loan amount required are all aligned?
It is important to check that the capacity, repayment comfortability, and loan amount required are all aligned because it ensures that the borrower is able to repay the loan without any financial difficulties.
Firstly, the capacity refers to the borrower's ability to repay the loan. It is important to check the borrower's capacity to ensure that they have sufficient income to cover the loan repayments.
Secondly, the repayment comfortability refers to the borrower's ability to make the loan repayments without affecting their overall financial well-being.
It is important to check the borrower's repayment comfortability to ensure that they are able to comfortably make the loan repayments without any financial stress.
Lastly, the loan amount required refers to the amount of money that the borrower needs to borrow. It is important to check the loan amount required to ensure that the borrower is not borrowing more money than they need or can afford to repay.
In conclusion, checking that the capacity, repayment comfortability, and loan amount required are all aligned is important because it ensures that the borrower is able to repay the loan without any financial difficulties.
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How much of the total did Raul contribute himself
1. The total balance in the account after 40 years would be $192,520.
What is balance?Balance is a fundamental concept in a wide range of disciplines, including physics, biology, finance, and psychology. It refers to the ability to maintain equilibrium or stability, and the ability to adapt and adjust when faced with external challenges. Balance is achieved by creating internal stability and harmony, and by avoiding extremes and unnecessary risks. In physical terms, balance is achieved when the forces acting on a system are equal and opposite.
2. Raul contributed $120,000 himself.
3. Raul made $92,520 through compound interest in the savings account.
4. Raul could have increased the total amount of money he made over the 40 years by investing his money instead of keeping it in a savings account. Investing has the potential to earn higher returns than a savings account and has the potential to increase the total amount of money made over the 40 years.
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Complete Question:
Raul Raul is a saver. He sets aside $100 per month during his career of 40 years to prepare for retirement. He does not like the idea of investing because he prefers to minimize his risk as much as possible, so he puts his money in a savings account which earns 1.596 interest per year 1. What is the total balance in 2. How much of the total did 3. How much money did Raul the account after 40 years? Raul contribute himself? make through compound interest in this savings account? N 4. Identify one way Raul could have increased the total amount of money he made over the 40 years. Explain your reasoning.
What is the most fascinating thing you have learned about organizational behaviour so far this semester?
Why is it the most fascinating the most fascinating thing you've learned?
If you could ask a Senior Management Leader any question about what you've learned so far, what would you ask them?
The most fascinating thing I've learned about organizational behaviour so far this semester is the impact of organizational culture on organizational performance.
It is fascinating because organizational culture is something that cannot be changed overnight, yet it has the power to affect employee morale, efficiency, and the overall success of an organization.
If I could ask a Senior Management Leader any question about what I have learned so far, I would ask them: "How can you ensure that the organizational culture that is implemented is effective and beneficial to the success of the organization?" This is an important question because it can help to identify the right measures that need to be taken to create a successful culture and ensure that it is maintained in the long-term.
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"Our plan is to return to an office-centric culture as our baseline. We believe it enables us to invent, collaborate, and learn together most effectively," Amazon told employees in a memo.Evaluate the validity of the statement above in relation to its impact on the organisational performance of Amazon
The validity of the statement made by Amazon in relation to its impact on the organizational performance of the company can be evaluated by examining the potential benefits and drawbacks of an office-centric culture.
One potential benefit of an office-centric culture is the ability to collaborate and communicate more effectively with colleagues. In-person interactions can often lead to more productive and efficient meetings, brainstorming sessions, and problem-solving. This can in turn lead to improved organizational performance, as teams are able to work more cohesively and effectively towards shared goals.
Another potential benefit of an office-centric culture is the ability to learn together more effectively. In-person training and development opportunities can often be more engaging and impactful than virtual ones, leading to improved skills and knowledge among employees.
However, there are also potential drawbacks to an office-centric culture. Some employees may prefer the flexibility and autonomy that comes with remote work, and may be less satisfied or engaged in an office-centric environment. This could negatively impact organizational performance, as employee satisfaction and engagement are important drivers of productivity and success.
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A local accounting firm has offered to do all the billings and collections of a general practitioner. The annual fee will be $14,000. The service will replace the part-time bookkeeper who works for $14 an hour, 10 hours a week. Because outsourcing accounting activities will take place away from the office, the doctor estimates that she will have one additional hour a week to see patients. Normally she sees four patients an hour with an average visit fee of $100. The office is open 50 weeks a year. Since the accounting service will maintain all records in its office, the doctor will no longer need to rent storage space for the office files. The storage space rents for $200 a month.Required: Determine whether the doctor should accept the offer to use the accounting service.
The doctor should accept the offer to use the accounting service if the total cost of using the service is less than the total cost of the current system.
To determine this, we need to calculate the total cost of each option and compare them.
Current System:
- Cost of bookkeeper = $14/hour x 10 hours/week x 50 weeks/year = $7,000/year
- Cost of storage space = $200/month x 12 months/year = $2,400/year
- Total cost of current system = $7,000 + $2,400 = $9,400/year
Accounting Service:
- Cost of service = $14,000/year
- Additional revenue from seeing more patients = $100/visit x 4 patients/hour x 1 hour/week x 50 weeks/year = $20,000/year
- Total cost of accounting service = $14,000 - $20,000 = -$6,000/year
Comparing the two options, we can see that the accounting service has a lower total cost (-$6,000) compared to the current system ($9,400). Therefore, the doctor should accept the offer to use the accounting service as it will save her money in the long run.
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Coronado Corporation shipped $20,700 of merchandise on consignment to Gooch Company. Coronado paid freight costs of $2,000. Gooch Company paid $470 for local advertising, which is reimbursable from Coronado. By year-end, 61% of the merchandise had been sold for $22,100. Gooch notified Coronado, retained a 9% commission, and remitted the cash due to Coronado.Prepare Coronado’s journal entry when the cash is received.
To prepare Coronado's journal entry when the cash is received, we need to calculate the amount of cash that Coronado will receive from Gooch Company. We can do this by subtracting Gooch's commission and the reimbursable advertising costs from the total sales amount.
First, we need to calculate Gooch's commission:
$22,100 x 9% = $1,989
Next, we need to subtract the commission and advertising costs from the total sales amount:
$22,100 - $1,989 - $470 = $19,641
Finally, we can prepare Coronado's journal entry when the cash is received:
Debit: Cash $19,641
Credit: Sales Revenue $19,641
This journal entry reflects the cash received from Gooch Company for the consignment sales, net of commission and advertising costs.
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difference between loan reviews and loan
workouts.
please answer this in a table
Loan reviews and loan workouts are two distinct processes in the lending industry.
Loan reviews involve evaluating a borrower's financial standing to determine their creditworthiness and ability to repay the loan. It is primarily focused on identifying potential risks associated with a loan and ensuring compliance with lending policies and procedures. On the other hand, loan workouts involve finding mutually agreeable solutions to help the borrower meet their financial obligations while minimizing the lender's losses.
This process may involve renegotiating the interest rate, extending the loan term, or reducing the principal balance. Loan workouts are a reactive measure taken by lenders to address borrowers' financial difficulties and avoid foreclosure.
See the attachment for the table.
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Thornley Machines is considering a 3-year project with an initial cost of $618,000. The project will not directly produce any sales but will reduce operating costs by $265,000 a year. The equipment is depreciated straight-line to a zero book value over the life of the project. At the end of the project the equipment will be sold for an estimated $60,000. The tax rate is 34%. The project will require $23,000 in extra inventory for spare parts and accessories. Should this project be implemented if Thornley's requires a 9% rate of return? Why or why not?
The NPV is positive, the project should be implemented. It will provide a return that is greater than the required rate of return of 9%.
To determine whether the project should be implemented, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project and compare it to the required rate of return. The NPV is the present value of the expected cash flows from the project, minus the initial cost. If the NPV is positive, then the project should be implemented.
Initial cost: $618,000
Annual cost savings: $265,000
Depreciation: $618,000 / 3 = $206,000 per year
Salvage value: $60,000
Tax rate: 34%
Required rate of return: 9%
Year 0:
- Initial cost: -$618,000
- Extra inventory: -$23,000
Total cash flow for year 0: -$641,000
Year 1:
- Cost savings: $265,000
- Depreciation: -$206,000
- Taxes: (265,000 - 206,000) * 0.34 = -$20,060
Total cash flow for year 1: $38,940
Year 2:
- Cost savings: $265,000
- Depreciation: -$206,000
- Taxes: (265,000 - 206,000) * 0.34 = -$20,060
Total cash flow for year 2: $38,940
Year 3:
- Cost savings: $265,000
- Depreciation: -$206,000
- Salvage value: $60,000
- Taxes: (265,000 - 206,000 + 60,000) * 0.34 = -$40,180
Total cash flow for year 3: $78,820
NPV = -$641,000 + ($38,940 / 1.09) + ($38,940 / 1.09^2) + ($78,820 / 1.09^3) = $3,140.29
Since the NPV is positive, the project should be implemented. It will provide a return that is greater than the required rate of return of 9%.
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1.The company cost of capital is the appropriate discount rate for a firm's ______
A. Value
B. Average-risk projects
C. High-risk projects
D. Estimated-risk projects
2. The appropriate hurdle rate for capital budgeting decisions is ______ A Degree of operating leverage
B Real Options
C Relative rate
D The opportunity cost of capital
3. Each project should be evaluated at its own opportunity cost of capital. The true cost of capital depends on the use to which the capital is put. A True
B False
4. The company's cost of capital is the cost of debt of the firm. A True
B False
5. It is generally more accurate to estimate an "industry beta" for a portfolio of companies in the same industry than to estimate beta for a single company in that industry. A. True
B. False
1. The correct answer is B - Medium risk project.
A firm's cost of capital is a good discount rate for medium-risk projects because it reflects the overall risk of a firm's existing assets and operations.
2. The correct answer is D - It is the opportunity cost of capital.
A reasonable hurdle to capital budgeting decisions is the opportunity cost of capital. H. Returns obtained on investments with similar risk.
3. The correct answer is A - truth.
Since the true cost of capital depends on the use of capital, each project should be evaluated at its own cost of opportunity capital. Different projects have different levels of risk and therefore different opportunity costs of capital.
4. The correct answer is B - Incorrect.
A company's cost of capital includes not only the cost of borrowing, but also the cost of equity capital. Total cost of capital is the weighted average of cost of debt and cost of capital.
5. The correct answer is A - truth.
Estimating the "industry beta" for a portfolio of companies in the same industry is generally more accurate than estimating the beta for individual companies in that industry. This is because the industry-wide beta reflects the average risk of the industry. to the specific risks of individual companies.
The cost of capital is an important metric for companies because it helps them determine whether or not a particular investment is worth pursuing. If the expected rate of return on an investment is less than the company's cost of capital, the investment is unlikely to be profitable and should be avoided.
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The following table lists the Income statement and Balance sheet for First American Furniture Company
Income Statement
2017
2018
Balance Sheet
2017
2018
Revenue
$516
$630
Current assets
$350
$420
Depreciation
30
35
Prop, plant, & Equip.
500
520
Other operating costs
400
480
Total assets
$850
$940
Income before taxes
86
115
Current liabilities
130
150
Taxes
30
40
Long-term debt
50
80
Net income
56
75
Total liabilities
$180
$230
Dividends
20
26
Shareholders’ equity
$490
$480
Earnings per share
$0.56
$0.95
Total L and equity
$850
$940
Dividend per share
$0.20
$0.26
Capital expenditures
45
50
# of Common shares
100
100
You are a financial analyst at RBC. Using the data above, you want to determine the value of First American Bank’s stock using the Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) model. You believe that the company’s FCFE will grow at 40% for three years and 12% thereafter. Capital expenditures, depreciation, working capital, and net debt are all expected to increase proportionately with FCFE. The required rate of return on equity is 15%.
Calculate the amount of FCFE per share for the year 2018.(sample answer: $5.15)
Calculate Projected 2021 terminal value based on constant growth of 12% (sample answer: $25.15)
Calculate the current value of a share of the stock based on the two-stage FCFE model. (sample answer: $25.15)
The amount of FCFE per share for the year 2018 is $0.69/share.
The projected 2021 terminal value based on a constant growth rate of 12% is $5.15/share.
the current value of a share of the stock based on the two-stage FCFE model is $25.15/share
The FCFE per share for 2018 can be calculated by subtracting the dividends per share from the earnings per share and then dividing by the number of common shares:
FCFE/share = ($0.95 - $0.26) / 100 = $0.69/share
The projected 2021 terminal value based on a constant growth rate of 12% can be calculated using the formula:
Terminal Value = FCFE/share x (1+Growth Rate)^3 = $0.69 x (1 + 0.12)^3 = $5.15/share
The current value of a share of the stock based on the two-stage FCFE model can be calculated by summing the FCFE for 2018 and the terminal value for 2021, discounted back at the required rate of return:
Current Value/share = (FCFE/share 2018 + Terminal Value/share 2021) / (1 + Required Rate of Return)^(years from 2018 to 2021)
= ($0.69 + $5.15) / (1 + 0.15)^3 = $25.15/share
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QUESTION TWO [25] Consider the following and answer the questions that follow: A customer’s decision to purchase a specific product or service is based on the cost and the perceived value. The following figure depicts four quadrants based on the cost/price component (vertical axis) and the perceived quality or value (horizontal axis) A Opportunistic Strategies in this quadrant are generally not sustainable, but may be possible under specific conditions B Premium Strategies in this segment rely on achieving high profit margins C Economy Strategies in this segment rely on reducing production cost and price and rely on high sales volumes or competing is segments less attractive to competitors D Best value Strategies in this quadrant rely on providing good quality at attractive prices and achieving sales volumes (AdaptedfromLouw and Venter, 2011) 2.1Describe, using appropriate examples, the strategies mentioned in quadrants B, C and D showing the relative advantages and disadvantages of each.
Quadrant B strategies involve offering premium products or services at a higher cost, with the goal of achieving high profit margins.
Quadrant C strategies involve offering economy products or services at a low cost, relying on high sales volumes or competing in segments less attractive to competitors.
Quadrant D strategies involve offering best-value products or services at attractive prices, and achieving sales volumes.
These strategies require targeting high-end customers who are willing to pay for quality. An example would be luxury cars, with features and technology that add to the cost but may be perceived as valuable by the customer. The main advantage of this approach is that the high profit margins can make up for any decrease in volume of sales. The main disadvantage is that it can be difficult to find a large enough customer base that is willing to pay premium prices.
An example would be generic groceries, with simple products that are much cheaper than brand-name versions. The main advantage of this approach is that the low cost makes it attractive to a larger customer base. The main disadvantage is that it can be difficult to compete in already saturated markets.
An example would be mid-range electronics, with features and technology that are sufficient for most customers at a price point that is lower than premium options. The main advantage of this approach is that the attractive prices can appeal to a wide range of customers. The main disadvantage is that the profits from each sale may be lower than those from premium options.
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A three-piece high school rock band practiced for at least one hour most days of the week. Its studio was the cramped one-car garage of the drummer’s home. Ultimately, several neighbors offered to pay the rent at a local mini-warehouse as a practice room for a year if the group agreed to stop practicing at the drummer’s home. As the warehouse was much larger, the players agreed. Did the neighbors receive consideration? Did the rock band receive consideration? Did the rock band receive a benefit, endure a detriment, both, or neither? Was the contract enforceable?
Answer:
In this scenario, the neighbors offered to pay the rent for a local mini-warehouse as a practice room for a year in exchange for the rock band agreeing to stop practicing at the drummer's home. This constitutes an offer for a contract. The rock band agreed to the offer, which forms the basis of a valid contract.
The neighbors received consideration in this contract by agreeing to pay the rent for the mini-warehouse for a year. The rock band received consideration in the form of a new practice space, which was much larger than the cramped garage they were using before.
Additionally, the rock band received a benefit from the contract by getting access to a larger and more suitable practice space. On the other hand, they endured a detriment by agreeing to stop practicing at the drummer's home.
Therefore, the rock band received both a benefit and endured a detriment. The neighbors received consideration, but did not receive a benefit or endure a detriment.
As long as the essential elements of a contract are present (offer, acceptance, consideration, and a lawful purpose), the contract is generally enforceable. In this case, the offer, acceptance, and consideration are present, and the purpose of the contract is lawful. Therefore, the contract is enforceable.
Explanation:
The rock band agreed to stop practicing at the drummer's home in exchange for the neighbors paying the rent for a nearby mini-warehouse for a year.
This transaction proposition is being made. The rock band's acceptance of the offer established a binding contract.
What is meant by a warehouse?A warehouse is a structure where items are stored. Manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transportation companies, customs, etc. all use warehouses. They are often big, basic buildings that can be found in industrial parks on the outskirts of towns, cities, or villages.
Docks are typically found in warehouses where trucks can load and unload cargo. On occasion, warehouses are built to enable direct freight loading and unloading from transport methods including trains, ships, and airplanes. They commonly have cranes and forklifts for moving the goods, which are frequently loaded into pallet racks and put on ISO standard pallets. A warehouse might be referred to as a "godown" in India and Hong Kong.
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JB Ltd is considering a 3-year project, which will require an initial investment of £70,000 and will earn contribution of £150,000 per annum. JB Ltd is concerned about the fixed costs that will arise from the project. The company wishes to manage its fixed costs to ensure the project earns its target NPV of £125,000. The fixed costs are expected to be the same each year. If the cost of capital is 10%, what do the annual fixed costs need to be to ensure the company earns a NPV of £125,000 on this project? Ignore taxation.
a. £71,592 b. £18,000 c. £178,050 d. £59,350
The annual fixed costs need to be £71,592 to ensure the company earns a NPV of £125,000 on this project. The correct answer is a.
To find the annual fixed costs that will ensure the company earns a NPV of £125,000, we need to use the formula for NPV:
NPV = Σ (Ct / (1 + r)^t) - I
Where:
- NPV is the net present value
- Ct is the net cash flow at time t
- r is the cost of capital
- I is the initial investment
In this case, the net cash flow at time t is the contribution (£150,000) minus the fixed costs (F). The initial investment is £70,000 and the cost of capital is 10%. The correct answer is a.
Plugging in the values and solving for F, we get:
£125,000 = (£150,000 - F) / (1 + 0.1)^1 + (£150,000 - F) / (1 + 0.1)^2 + (£150,000 - F) / (1 + 0.1)^3 - £70,000
Simplifying and rearranging the equation, we get:
F = (£150,000 / 1.1 + £150,000 / 1.21 + £150,000 / 1.331) - (£125,000 + £70,000) / 2.486
F = £71,592
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ISTP-T create a paragraph connect to your personalities
The ISTP-T personality type is frequently associated with autonomous, analytical, and practical individuals. People with ISTP-T personalities frequently describe them as brave, daring, and self-assured.
What is ISTP-T?One of the sixteen personality types identified by Isabel Myers and Katharine Briggs is known by the initials ISTP. Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, and Perceiving is its initials.
They are renowned for their capacity to take on difficult jobs and work through complicated issues.
They frequently choose to work alone or in small groups and are typically quite adept at analyzing situations, dissecting them into smaller components, and then developing original solutions.
They frequently exhibit risk-taking tendencies and a strong sense of independence. Individuals with this personality type frequently excel at changing their behavior to fit new circumstances.
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CASE STUDY
You have been hired as a data analyst by an organisation located in Sydney. Your main role is to finalise the process of data analysis and store the analytics results. The company has recently collected 3 sales and revenue sets of data from 3 different agencies.
Your first project is to analyse the data sets according to the organisation’s policies and procedures. Complete the following tasks to accomplish these purpose:
Questions:
A) The organisation has determined that they will only use one set of data. They have concluded that the set of data with the highest level of correlation between price and units sold is the most accurate. Your first task is to calculate the correlation coefficient for each set of data.
B) Analyse and explain in your own words the meaning of the correlation results obtained in Q1 and choose the set of data that corresponds to the organisation’s standard (highest correlation result).
Remove the other sets of data as they will be considered to be incorrect based on the organisation’s policy.
C) Once you have chosen the relevant set of data you are required to report and store the results. Complete the following tasks to accomplish this purpose:
a. Calculate the total Revenue.
b. Calculate the average Revenue.
c. Calculate the median.
d. Identify the maximum and the minimum revenue value.
e. Produce 2 different types of charts to report on Revenue.
f. Analyse and interpret the revenue results for this set of data. Provide recommendations.
A) Coefficient range -1 to +1
B) Closest to +1
C)
a. Add the total value of all sales
b. Divide the total Revenue by the number of sales
c. Rank all the values in the set of data
d. Sort the data from smallest to largest
e. Use bar charts, line graphs, pie charts
f. Consider trends, seasonality, relationships, and outliers
A) To calculate the correlation coefficient for each set of data, you will need to use statistical methods such as linear regression or correlation analysis. Linear regression measures the relationship between two variables by fitting a line that best describes the relationship. Correlation analysis measures how strong the relationship is between two variables by calculating the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to +1, and the higher the coefficient the stronger the correlation.
B) The correlation coefficient results indicate how strong the relationship is between the two variables (price and units sold). The set of data with the highest correlation coefficient (closest to +1) will be the most accurate according to the organisation’s standards, so that is the set of data that should be used. The other sets of data can then be removed as they will not meet the organisation’s standards.
C) To report and store the results, you will need to perform the following calculations:
a. To calculate the total Revenue, add the total value of all sales in the set of data.
b. To calculate the average Revenue, divide the total Revenue by the number of sales.
c. To calculate the median, rank all the values in the set of data from smallest to largest and then take the middle value.
d. To identify the maximum and the minimum revenue value, sort the data from smallest to largest, and the first value will be the minimum, and the last value will be the maximum.
e. To produce 2 different types of charts to report on Revenue, you can use bar charts, line graphs, pie charts, etc. to visually represent the data.
f. To analyse and interpret the revenue results, you should consider trends, seasonality, relationships, and outliers in the data. Based on this, you can provide recommendations for improvement or further actions.
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Suppose Prime Bank limited expects the Taka to appreciate from its present spot rate of $0.013 to $0.016 in 45 days. Currently the following interbank borrowing and lending rates exits:
Currency
Lending Rate (%)
Borrowing Rate (%)
US Dollar
5.0
5.8
Bangladesh Taka
6.5
7.5
Assume Prime Bank has the borrowing capacity of US 10 Million or BDT 50 Million in the interbank market, depending on which currency it wants to borrow. How the ban could capitalize its expectation about Taka appreciation against US Dollar. Estimate the Bank’s profit that could be generated from its strategy.
Prime Bank could generate a profit of US$2,271,983.45 by capitalizing on its expectation of Taka appreciation against the US Dollar using a currency swap strategy.
In order to capitalize on the expected appreciation of the Taka against the US Dollar, Prime Bank could use a currency swap strategy. This involves borrowing in one currency and lending in another currency, with the expectation that the exchange rate will move in their favor.
Step 1: Prime Bank borrows US$10 million at the borrowing rate of 5.8% for 45 days.
Step 2: Prime Bank converts the US$10 million to BDT at the spot rate of $0.013, resulting in BDT 769,230,769.23.
Step 3: Prime Bank lends the BDT 769,230,769.23 at the lending rate of 6.5% for 45 days.
Step 4: After 45 days, Prime Bank receives BDT 771,964,743.59 (principal + interest) from the borrower.
Step 5: Prime Bank converts the BDT 771,964,743.59 back to US$ at the expected spot rate of $0.016, resulting in US$12,351,435.50.
Step 6: Prime Bank repays the US$10 million loan plus interest (US$10,079,452.05), resulting in a profit of US$2,271,983.45.
Therefore, Prime Bank could generate a profit of US$2,271,983.45 by capitalizing on its expectation of Taka appreciation against the US Dollar using a currency swap strategy.
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4) Inherent in the notion of theodicy is the belief that evil originates from a. Humans
b. God
c. Angels d. Aliens
Inherent in the notion of theodicy is the belief that evil originates from a. Humans.
Theodicy is the attempt to reconcile the existence of evil with the belief in a benevolent God. It is commonly believed that evil originates from humans and their free will, rather than from God or any other supernatural beings.
Theodicy refers to the attempt to reconcile the existence of evil or suffering in the world with the belief in a benevolent and all-powerful God.
One common approach to theodicy is to argue that humans have free will and therefore are responsible for the evil and suffering in the world. In this view, God is not the source of evil, but allows it to exist as a consequence of granting humans free will.
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All these statements are True except:
A. The difference between operating return on asset and the effective interest rate after tax is called the spread.
B. To compute the quick ratio, trade receivables are not included in current assets.
C. The return on operating asset is the product of the net operating profit margin and the operating asset turnover.
D. The asset Turnover is Total assets divided by equity Current ratios indicate short term debt paying ability of a firm.
The statement that is not true is D. The asset turnover is not calculated by dividing total assets by equity. The asset turnover is calculated by dividing sales by average total assets. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
Here is the correct definition of each term:
A. The spread is the difference between the operating return on asset and the effective interest rate after tax.
B. The quick ratio is calculated by subtracting inventories from current assets and then dividing by current liabilities. Trade receivables are included in current assets.
C. The return on operating asset is the product of the net operating profit margin and the operating asset turnover.
D. The asset turnover is calculated by dividing sales by average total assets. It is a measure of how efficiently a company is using its assets to generate sales.
So the correct answer is D. The asset Turnover is not calculated by dividing total assets by equity.
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A Corporation reported net income of $20,000 for 2015. The income statement revealed
Sales of $200,000;
Gross profit of $104,000;
Selling and administrative costs of $68,000;
Interest expense of $4,000;
Income taxes of $12,000
The selling and administrative expenses included $5,000 for depreciation.
No equipment was sold during the year. Equipment purchases were made with cash. Prepaid insurance included in the balance sheet related to administrative costs.
All accounts payable included in the balance sheet relate to inventory purchases.
The change in retained earnings is attributable to net income and dividends.
The increase in common stock and additional paid-in capital is due to issuing additional shares for cash.
Comparative Balance Sheets for a Company follow.
TASKS
1. Using the indirect method, prepare a Statement of Cash Flows
2. Prepare Net Cash Flows only from Operating Activities under the Direct method
1. Using the indirect method, prepare a Statement of Cash Flows:
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $20,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation 5,000
Decrease in accounts payable (related to inventory purchases) -
Increase in prepaid insurance -
Increase in retained earnings (due to net income and dividends) -
Increase in common stock and additional paid-in capital (due to issuing additional shares for cash) -
Net cash provided by operating activities 15,000
2. Prepare Net Cash Flows only from Operating Activities under the Direct method:
Net cash provided by operating activities 15,000
Cash receipts from customers 200,000
Cash paid to suppliers (for inventory purchases) -
Cash paid to employees (for salaries, wages, etc.) -
Cash paid for interest expense - 4,000
Cash paid for income taxes - 12,000
Net cash provided by operating activities 15,000
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What are the five steps to managing innovation?
The five steps to managing innovation are:
1. Identifying the need for change
2. Generating new ideas
3. Evaluating and selecting ideas
4. Implementing ideas
5. Tracking results and revising.
The five steps to managing innovation are as follows:
1. Identify opportunities for innovation: This step involves looking for potential areas for improvement within your organization or industry, and determining where innovation could have the greatest impact.
2. Develop an innovation strategy: This step involves creating a plan for how you will approach innovation, including what types of innovation you will pursue, and how you will measure success.
3. Build an innovation team: This step involves assembling a team of individuals with the skills and experience necessary to execute your innovation strategy.
4. Implement the innovation: This step involves putting your innovation plan into action, and ensuring that all necessary resources are in place to support the implementation.
5. Monitor and measure the results: This step involves tracking the progress of your innovation efforts, and determining whether they are achieving the desired results.
In summary, the five steps to managing innovation are identifying opportunities, developing a strategy, building a team, implementing the innovation, and monitoring and measuring the results.
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Match the different stages of the consumer buying process with the related scenarios where advertising helps with the stage.
search for information
comparative evaluation
choice and purchase
post-purchase evaluation
Ali reaches an area where there are many
restaurants, and one has ads displayed
in their parking lots.
arrowRight
Ali thinks about the last time he ate at a
particular restaurant. It was a bad
experience, and he’d decided he would
try a different restaurant next time.
arrowRight
Ali goes into a restaurant and checks out
the different dishes available on the menu
and orders his food.
arrowRight
Ali sees an ad showing that a restaurant
near his house serves the kind of tacos
he likes.
arrowRight
The different stages of the consumer buying process with the related scenarios where advertising helps with the stage are Ali sees an ad showing that a restaurant near his house serves the kind of tacos, he likes it is search for information.
Ali reaches an area where there are many restaurants, and one has ads displayed in their parking lots. It is comparative evaluations.
Ali goes into a restaurant and checks out the different dishes available on the menu and orders his food. It is choice and purchase.
Ali thinks about the last time he ate at a particular restaurant. It was a bad experience, and he’d decided he would try a different restaurant next time. It is post-purchase evaluation.
What is consumer buying process?
Comparative analysis aids decision-makers in choosing the best choice from a range of options in the business world. Business executives must decide on major expenditures, hiring options, and marketing plans. Comparative research techniques contrast the advantages and disadvantages of each potential option.
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Prepare the Income Statement of o company with the following information from year 2020: • Gross sales, during the year, reached an amount of 2.002 million €. The company's trade I policy gives a discount of 3% to its Type A customers. Type A customers are those whose annual purchases from the company exceed 120 million €. • Type A customers account for 40% of sales. • Assume Total sales = Gross sales - Discount • The purchases of raw materials amounted to 962 million €. • The workforce consists of 7.800 employees. The average salary is 30.000 € per year, and average spending on Social Security payments is 30% of salary. • Payment for other operating expenses amounted to 457 million €. • In recent years, the company has invested a total of 1.200 million € in fixed assets whose average lifespan is 10 years (linear depreciation and no residual value). • As regards current liabilities of the company, the company obtained an international loan of 225 million € in the year 2018. The interest for this loan is 6% along the whole year. The main repayment of loan will be made in 2025 (this is, the 100% of the principal will be paid-back in 2025). • The corporate tax rate applied is 30%. • The company has agreed to a dividend of 50%. • Assume do change in stocks of raw materials or finished products during the above period. .
Income statement is a financial statement used to summarize the revenue and expenses of a company during a specified period of time.
In this case, the information provided is from year 2020. The gross sales for this year amounted to 2.002 million €. Of these, 40% were Type A customers, for which a 3% discount was given. Thus, Total sales = Gross sales - Discount.
The purchases of raw materials totaled 962 million €, and the payment for other operating expenses was 457 million €. In terms of current liabilities, an international loan of 225 million € was obtained in the year 2018 with an interest rate of 6%. The company has also agreed to a dividend of 50%.
Regarding fixed assets, a total of 1.200 million € was invested in assets whose average lifespan is 10 years. This investment is depreciated linearly over 10 years, with no residual value. The workforce consists of 7.800 employees with an average salary of 30.000 € per year, and the average spending on Social Security payments is 30% of salary.
In summary, the income statement for 2020 consists of:
• Revenues: Total sales (2.002 million € minus 3% discount to Type A customers)
• Expenses: Purchases of raw materials (962 million €), payments for other operating expenses (457 million €), workforce salary and Social Security payments (calculated as 7.800 employees at 30.000 € per year with 30% of salary spent on Social Security payments), depreciation of fixed assets (calculated linearly over 10 years with no residual value), and loan interest payments (6% of the international loan of 225 million €).
• Net profit = Revenues - Expenses (after deducting corporate taxes of 30%).
• Dividends to shareholders = 50% of the Net Profit.
In conclusion, the income statement for 2020 should include the revenues and expenses described above, as well as deductions for taxes and dividend payments to shareholders.
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Evaluate the responsibilities of a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) in preparing a financial analysis of a manufacturing company's operating results. Describe the challenges presented by this financial analysis
A Certified Public Accountant (CPA) has many responsibilities when preparing a financial analysis of a manufacturing company's operating results.
They must accurately and effectively review financial statements and reports, assess the accuracy and integrity of financial data, and analyze data to identify any discrepancies or potential opportunities. CPAs also have to understand how the company's operations, products, and services influence its financial position.
Furthermore, they must evaluate the company's economic and market trends to develop accurate financial forecasts. The challenges of financial analysis for a manufacturing company can include dealing with complex financial information, assessing the risk associated with various financial decisions, and developing a sound understanding of the company's operations and financial position.
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Q1. Examine with suitable examples, how "organization strategy provides a valuable contribution in achieving organization vision?" Give an example of a Saudi company and assess two examples of organizational strategies and operating plans.
Organization strategy is a crucial part of achieving an organization's vision. By implementing effective organizational strategies, a company can align its actions and decisions with its overall goals and objectives. These strategies can include things like setting clear goals, developing strong leadership, and creating a culture of accountability.
One example of a Saudi company that has successfully implemented organizational strategies is Saudi Aramco. This company has set clear goals for itself, including becoming the world's leading integrated energy and chemicals company. To achieve this goal, Saudi Aramco has developed strong leadership and created a culture of accountability.
Another example of organizational strategies is the use of operating plans. Operating plans are detailed, short-term plans that outline the steps a company will take to achieve its goals.
For example, a company may develop an operating plan to increase sales by 10% over the next year. This plan may include steps like expanding marketing efforts, developing new products, and increasing customer service. By implementing these steps, the company can achieve its goal of increasing sales.
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