3. there is a change in color in the reaction mixture that occurs as the reaction progresses. what causes this change of color? what does this tell us about the reaction?

The pH of the final solution is approximately 3.87. When 23.90 mL of 0.100 M sodium hydroxide is added to 25.00 mL of 0.100 M methanoic acid with a Ka value of 1.6 x 10^-4, we can calculate the pH of the final solution by first finding the moles of acid and base:

moles of methanoic acid = 25.00 mL × 0.100 M = 2.500 mmol
moles of sodium hydroxide = 23.90 mL × 0.100 M = 2.390 mmol

Now, we can find the moles of methanoic acid remaining after the reaction:

moles of methanoic acid remaining = 2.500 mmol - 2.390 mmol = 0.110 mmol

As the reaction between methanoic acid and sodium hydroxide is a 1:1 reaction, we will have 0.110 mmol of methanoic acid and 0 mmol of sodium hydroxide remaining. Next, we can calculate the concentration of the remaining methanoic acid in the solution:

volume of solution = 25.00 mL + 23.90 mL = 48.90 mL
concentration of methanoic acid = 0.110 mmol / 48.90 mL = 0.00225 M

Now, we can use the Ka value to find the concentration of H3O+ ions in the solution:

Ka = [H3O+][A-] / [HA]
1.6 x 10^-4 = [H3O+][0.00225 - H3O+] / [0.00225]

Solving for H3O+ concentration, we get:

[H3O+] ≈ 1.35 x 10^-4 M

Finally, we can calculate the pH of the final solution using the H3O+ concentration:

pH = -log10[H3O+]
pH ≈ -log10(1.35 x 10^-4)
pH ≈ 3.87

Therefore, the pH of the final solution is approximately 3.87.

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4.68L is the final volume.

The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its temperature when pressure is held constant. This means that when the temperature of the gas is decreased, its volume will increase.

Therefore, the final volume of the 17.0 L of carbon dioxide will be greater than 17.0 L after it is cooled from 38°C to 5°C.

The equation to calculate the final volume is:

[tex]V2 = V1 * (\frac{T2}{T1})[/tex]

where T1 is the starting temperature, T2 is the ending temperature, V1 is the starting volume, and V2 is the finished volume.

Using this equation, the final volume of the carbon dioxide can be calculated as:

[tex]V2 = 17.0 L * (\frac{5\°C}{38\°C}) \\V2= 4.68 L[/tex]

Therefore ,The Final volume is 4.68L

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1.Balance: NaCl(s) → NaCl(aq)

2.This is a physical change because only the state of the substance changes from solid to aqueous, without any chemical reaction taking place.

The law of conservation of mass states that in a closed system, the total mass of the system remains constant, regardless of any physical or chemical changes that take place.

3.Balanced equation: Na₂CO₃(aq) + CaCl₂(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CaCO₃(s). The state of the products are NaCl(aq) and CaCO₃(s).

4.This is a chemical change because a chemical reaction takes place, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties.

5.When a new product is formed in a chemical reaction, the reacting atoms rearrange their bonds to form new molecules. Bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds are formed, resulting in the formation of new molecules with different properties. The conservation of atoms is maintained as the number of atoms of each element in the reactants must be equal to the number of atoms of each element in the products.

6.Balanced equation: Na₂CO₃(aq) + 2HC₂H₃O₂(aq) → 2NaC₂H₃O₂(aq) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g). The state of the products are NaC₂H₃O₂(aq), H₂O(l), and CO₂(g).

7. In each experiment, the mass was conserved because the total mass of the reactants was equal to the total mass of the products. Therefore, mass was neither created nor destroyed during the reactions.

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The mass of hydrogen reacted with 4.1 moles of ammonia ([tex]NH_3[/tex]) is 24.6g in the given reaction.

Given the number of moles of ammonia ([tex]NH_3[/tex]) = 4.1

The reaction is as follows: [tex]3H_2 + N_2 -- > 2NH_3[/tex]

From the equation we can see that for 3 moles of hydrogen ([tex]H_2[/tex]) 2 moles of ammonia ([tex]NH_3[/tex]) is produced.

mass of hydrogen reacted = number of moles x molar mass of [tex]H_2[/tex]

mass of hydrogen reacted = 3 * 2 = 6g

mass of [tex]NH_3[/tex] used up = moles x molar of [tex]NH_3[/tex]

mass of ammonia = 2 * 17 = 34g

So for 6g of [tex]H_2[/tex], 34g of ammonia ([tex]NH_3[/tex]) is used.

mass of ammonia reacted with 4.1moles = 4.1 * 34 = 139.4g

Then for 139.4g of [tex]NH_3[/tex] amount of hydrogen needed = 139.4 * 6/34 = 24.6g

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The change in entropy is always negative and also the reaction is always spontaneous if the reaction is exothermic (H is low) and the entropy S is positive (greater disorder).

The difference in enthalpy between the reactants and products is measured by the enthalpy shift of a reaction. The energy required to build new chemical bonds and break existing ones are what define a system's enthalpy.

By deducting the total enthalpies of every one of the reactants from the total enthalpies of the products, the response enthalpy is determined. According to mathematics, tH is equal to the sum of the entropies of the reactants and the product.

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This solution has a pH of 7. As hydrogen and hydroxide ions are present in equal amounts in a pH 7 solution, it is neutral.

Atoms bearing an electric charge, such the hydrogen atom with charge H+, which has a value of 1, are known as ions. Even in pure water, ions frequently appear as a result of chance occurrences (producing some H+ and OH- ions).

We use the following formula to determine the pH of the solution:

pH = -log[H+]

where [H+] represents the number of hydrogen ions present in the solution.

Substituting the given concentration [H+] = 1.0 x 10⁻⁷ mol/L into the formula, we get:

pH = -log(1.0 x 10⁻⁷)

= 7

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Answer:

To solve stoichiometry problems like these, we need to use balanced chemical equations and convert the given quantities into moles using their respective molar masses. Then, we can use the mole ratios from the balanced equation to find the moles of the unknown substance, and convert back to grams if necessary.

Fe₂O3 + 2Al → 2Fe + Al₂O3

How many grams of Al are needed to completely react with 135 g Fe₂O3?

First, we need to find the moles of Fe₂O3 in 135 g:

molar mass of Fe₂O3 = 2(55.85 g/mol) + 3(16.00 g/mol) = 159.70 g/mol

moles of Fe₂O3 = 135 g / 159.70 g/mol = 0.8459 mol

According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of Al react with 1 mole of Fe₂O3:

moles of Al = 2 × moles of Fe₂O3 = 2 × 0.8459 mol = 1.6918 mol

Finally, we can convert the moles of Al to grams using its molar mass:

molar mass of Al = 26.98 g/mol

mass of Al = moles of Al × molar mass of Al = 1.6918 mol × 26.98 g/mol ≈ 45.66 g

Therefore, 45.66 grams of Al are needed to completely react with 135 g Fe₂O3.

How many grams of Al₂O3 can form when 23.6 g Al react with excess Fe₂O3?

First, we need to find the moles of Al in 23.6 g:

moles of Al = 23.6 g / 26.98 g/mol ≈ 0.874 mol

According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of Al react with 1 mole of Al₂O3:

moles of Al₂O3 = 0.5 × moles of Al = 0.5 × 0.874 mol = 0.437 mol

Finally, we can convert the moles of Al₂O3 to grams using its molar mass:

molar mass of Al₂O3 = 101.96 g/mol

mass of Al₂O3 = moles of Al₂O3 × molar mass of Al₂O3 = 0.437 mol × 101.96 g/mol ≈ 44.64 g

Therefore, 44.64 grams of Al₂O3 can form when 23.6 g Al react with excess Fe₂O3.

How many grams of Fe₂O3 react with excess Al to make 475 g Fe?

First, we need to convert the given mass of Fe to moles:

molar mass of Fe = 55.85 g/mol

moles of Fe = 475 g / 55.85 g/mol ≈ 8.504 mol

According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of Al react with 1 mole of Fe:

moles of Al = 0.5 × moles of Fe = 0.5 × 8.504 mol = 4.252 mol

Since Al is in excess, it will not be completely consumed by the reaction. However, we can use the moles of Al to find the moles of Fe₂O3 needed:

moles of Fe₂O3 = 0.5 × moles of Al = 0.5 × 4.252 mol = 2.126 mol

Finally, we can convert

Explanation:

Based on the calculations, n-pentane has a larger δt value than 1-butanol.

Intermolecular forces refer to the forces between molecules. In this case, the strength of the intermolecular forces in the two molecules is different, resulting in different δt values. n-pentane is a nonpolar molecule with only van der Waals forces between molecules. These forces are weak compared to the intermolecular forces present in 1-butanol.1-butanol is a polar molecule with intermolecular hydrogen bonds between molecules.

Hydrogen bonds are strong intermolecular forces that increase the boiling point of the molecule. The larger the intermolecular forces, the larger the δt value will be. Since n-pentane only has weak van der Waals forces, it has a smaller δt value than 1-butanol, which has stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

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The order of increasing boiling point for NH₃, CH₄, and PH₃ is (option C)NH₃ < CH₄ < PH₃. This is due to the intermolecular forces, which increase with increasing molecular weight and polarity.

The boiling point of a compound is primarily determined by its intermolecular forces, which are in turn dependent on its molecular structure and the types of atoms present. The strengths of the intermolecular forces increase with increasing molecular weight and polarity.

Among the given compounds NH₃, CH₄, and PH₃, NH₃ and PH₃ are polar, while CH₄ is nonpolar. This implies that NH₃ and PH₃ are capable of forming hydrogen bonds, which are stronger than the van der Waals forces that hold CH₄ molecules together.

Therefore, the order of increasing boiling point is:

c) NH₃ < CH₄ < PH₃

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

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Answer: Fruits contain seeds and develop from the ovaries of flowering plants. The first step in making fruits is pollination. Fruit trees and plants produce flowers. Then, bees, bats, birds, and even the wind spread pollen from one flower to another.

Answer:

Fruits contain seeds and develop from the ovaries of flowering plants. The first step in making fruits is pollination. Fruit trees and plants produce flowers. Then, bees, bats, birds, and even the wind spread pollen from one flower to another.

Explanation:

The molar ratio of the acid to the base in this scenario would be 1:1, option a. this is because a monoprotic acid only has one acidic hydrogen ion to donate. hence, on this titration, the stoichiometric ratio of acid to base is 1:1.



while an acid is dissolved in water, it simplest has one acidic hydrogen ion to offer, making it a monoprotic acid. This shows that one mole of the acid can give one mole of H+ ions to a base or any other species. Acetic acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid are some examples of monoprotic acids (CH3COOH). because of their ability to offer actual manage over the amount of acid or base injected, these acids are frequently utilized in an expansion of chemical reactions, along with acid-base titrations. The dissociation constant, Ka, which measures the acid's electricity, can be used to give an explanation for how a monoprotic acid behaves in answer.

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The mass of the tiny bubble of dry air containing 78% N₂ and 22 % O₂ is 28.88 g/mol.

The molecular masses of  N₂  and O₂  are 28 g/mol and 32 g/mol respectively.

Tiny bubbles found in dry air is the air inside a solid, liquid or surrounded by a colloid within a fluidic environment.

The approximate molecular mass of dry air is calculated as

=  [molecular mass of  N₂ × mass percentage of  N₂] +  [molecular mass of  O₂× mass percentage of  O₂] / mass percent of  N₂ + mass percent of   O₂

=[28×78]+[32×22]/78 +22

=28.88 g/mol

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​

53 mg of lead can be dissolved per litre of water. Option e is correct.

The solubility product constant, Ksp, of PbSO4 is given by the expression below:

Ksp= [Pb2+][SO42-]

If S is the solubility of PbSO4 in Molarity, then the quantity of lead ions that can dissolve from the salt into the solution is given as

S × MW (where MW is the molecular weight of PbSO4)

MW of PbSO4 = (1 x 207.2) + (1 x 32.06)+ (15.99 x 4) = 303.22 g/mol

S =√Ksp = √1.6 × 10-8= 1.26 × 10-4

So the number of milligrams of lead (II) that can dissolve per liter of water is

1.26 × 10^-4  M/L  × 303.22 g/mol = 0.352 g/L= 35.2 mg/L≈ 35 mg/L

The correct answer is (e) 53 mg/L.

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If the pH of an aqueous solution at 298 K is 4.31, the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution is 5.01 x 10^-11 M.

The pH and pOH of a solution are related to the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) through the following equations: pH = -log[H+]pOH = -log[OH-]pH + pOH = 14For a neutral solution, [H+] = [OH-], and therefore pH = pOH = 7. For an acidic solution, [H+] > [OH-], and for a basic solution, [H+] < [OH-].To determine the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution, we can use the relationship between pH and pOH:pH + pOH = 14pOH = 14 - 4.31 = 9.69Now, we can use the equation: pOH = -log[OH-]9.69 = -log[OH-][OH-] = 5.01 x 10^-11 M

Therefore, the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution is 5.01 x 10^-11 M.

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The state of matter that fills the volume of its container is a gas. The correct option is a.

Gases have no definite shape or volume and will completely fill any container in which they are placed. This is because the particles that make up a gas are in constant motion and are not bound together in a fixed structure, allowing them to move freely and fill the available space.

Solids and liquids, on the other hand, have a definite shape and do not completely fill the volume of their container. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container.

Therefore, the correct answer is (a) gas, which is the only state of matter that fills the volume of its container.

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A substance's form or appearance can be changed physically without affecting its chemical makeup.

Cutting fruits and vegetables, melting chocolate, and boiling eggs are examples of foods that go through physical changes.

For instance, slicing fruits and vegetables alter their size and shape, but not their chemical makeup.

Similar to melting chocolate, which transforms it from a solid to a liquid yet keeps its chemical makeup the same.

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Molecules will move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration in order to establish equilibrium through passive transport. This is due to diffusion, which is the process in which molecules spread out from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

The way molecules move to establish equilibrium using passive transport is from high concentration to low concentration. Passive transport is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane without requiring the expenditure of energy.Passive transport includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. Facilitated diffusion is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane with the aid of carrier proteins or channel proteins.Passive transport ensures that the molecules are transported in the correct direction for equilibrium to be reached. Equilibrium is reached when there is no net movement of molecules across the cell membrane.

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The molecule that is bound to hemoglobin when it is in the R state is 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG). The correct option is C.

2,3-BPG is a phosphate-containing compound that binds to the hemoglobin and reduces the affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin, making it easier for oxygen to leave the blood and enter the tissues. This helps the body maintain a healthy balance of oxygen levels.

2,3-BPG is released from red blood cells and enters the bloodstream, where it binds to hemoglobin, causing the hemoglobin to shift to its R state. In this state, the hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen, allowing more oxygen to be released from the hemoglobin and enter the tissues.

In the absence of 2,3-BPG, hemoglobin binds to oxygen more tightly, making it harder for oxygen to leave the bloodstream and enter the tissues. Therefore, 2,3-BPG is essential for proper oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation.

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Answer:

entropy refers randomness

since solid objects' particles have less randomness

ENTROPY would increase is the reaction

[tex]O_2[/tex]is transported in the blood through hemoglobin and as a dissolved gas in the plasma.

Oxygen molecules bind to hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells, forming a complex called oxyhemoglobin.

Oxygen transport is the process by which oxygen is distributed from the respiratory system to cells in the body. It's essential for cellular metabolism and respiration. Oxygen transport is accomplished via the bloodstream, which carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells and removes carbon dioxide from the cells, transporting it back to the lungs to be exhaled.

When oxygen is inhaled into the lungs, it diffuses across the alveolar membranes and into the bloodstream. Oxygen molecules then bind to hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells, forming oxyhemoglobin. Hemoglobin's structure enables it to bind oxygen molecules reversibly.

The capacity of hemoglobin to bind oxygen is determined by the partial pressure of oxygen in the surrounding environment, as well as the pH and temperature of the environment. The majority of the oxygen in the blood is transported by hemoglobin.

However, some oxygen is also dissolved in the plasma, where it's transported to tissues that aren't well-perfused with blood or that need a rapid oxygen supply. In the plasma, oxygen is carried in the form of dissolved gas.

In the plasma, oxygen transport happens through the bicarbonate ion ([tex]HCO_3^-[/tex]) buffering system. Carbon dioxide ([tex]CO_2[/tex]) produced by cells is carried in the bloodstream to the lungs, where it diffuses across the alveolar membranes and into the airway to be exhaled. As [tex]CO_2[/tex] is removed from the bloodstream, [tex]HCO_3^-[/tex] is converted back into [tex]CO_2[/tex] and water, increasing the oxygen saturation in the blood.

Therefore we can say oxygen ([tex]O_2[/tex]) is transported in the blood primarily by binding to hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells and also to a lesser extent as a dissolved gas in the plasma.

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The pressure of the gas inside the tank at 15°C is 30.62 atm.

Given data:

Initial pressure, P₁ = 32 atm

Temperature, T₁ = 301.15 K

Final temperature, T₂ = 15°C = 15 + 273.15 = 288.15 K

Let the final pressure be P₂. We need to calculate the value of P₂.Using Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes, the pressure of a gas at a constant volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature provided that the mass and the volume of the gas remain constant.

Let P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

Using this relation, we can write:

P₂ = P₁ x T₂/T₁

Substituting the given values in the above equation:

P₂ = 32 atm x 288.15 K/301.15 KP₂ = 30.62 atm.

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Answer: B

Explanation I did the test

Rewriting the above question in a clearly manner,

"If the size of a radioactive sample is doubled, what happens to the activity of the sample in Becquerel (Bq)? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

The activity of the sample ________.

The number of ________ per second ________ to the number of ________ gram(s)."

ANSWER: The activity of the sample increases.

The number of decays per second doubles to the number of atoms/gram.

Radioactive decay is the process of spontaneous decay of a nucleus into another nucleus.
In a radioactive decay, the parent nuclide disintegrates into a different daughter nuclide while emitting an alpha particle, beta particle, or gamma rays.

When radioactive decay occurs, radiation is emitted as particles or electromagnetic radiation. The amount of radioactive substance in a sample, as well as the radioactive isotopes present in it, determine the activity of a radioactive sample. This is the rate at which radiation is emitted by the sample.

In a nuclear reaction, the activity of a radioactive substance is expressed in Becquerel (Bq). This is the amount of radioactive substance that decays in one second. One Bq equals one radioactive decay per second.

In summary, if the size of a radioactive sample is doubled, the activity of the sample in Bq is also doubled.

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Sodium chloride is the strongest electrolyte among the following examples. Hence, option C is correct.

Generally, strong electrolytes are defined as those electrolytes which completely ionizes into an aqueous solution.

Generally, strong acids and strong bases are considered to be strong electrolytes. Basically, sodium chloride (NaCl) is a salt which is formed from HCl, a strong acid, and a strong base, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Since it completely ionizes into Sodium ion (Na⁺) and Cl⁻ ion in solution, it is generally considered to be a strong electrolyte.

NaCl (aq) → Na⁺ (aq) + Cl⁻ (aq)

Hence, sodium chloride is strongest base. Option C is correct.

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The direction of equilibrium shift upon addition of a new ionic compound depends on the nature of the compound being added and the equilibrium constant (K) of the reaction. Le Chatelier's principle is a useful tool to predict the direction of equilibrium shift.

If an ionic compound is added to a reaction mixture, it will dissociate into its respective ions. If the added ions are the same as the ones present in the reaction, they will not affect the equilibrium position. However, if the added ions are different, they can affect the equilibrium position by increasing or decreasing the concentration of one or more reactants or products.

If a new compound is added to a reaction, and it contains an ion that is common to one side of the equilibrium, then the equilibrium will shift towards the opposite side. If the added compound contains an ion that is unique to one side of the equilibrium, then the equilibrium will shift towards that side.

Additionally, if the added compound reacts with one of the reactants or products to form a new compound, the equilibrium will shift to restore the original concentrations of the reactants and products. The extent of the shift will depend on the relative magnitudes of the equilibrium constants of the original and new reactions.

Overall, the direction of equilibrium shift upon addition of a new ionic compound is dependent on the specific conditions of the reaction, and can be predicted using Le Chatelier's principle.

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Solid calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is capable of removing sulfur dioxide (SO2) from waste gases through the following reaction:CaCO3 (s) + 2SO2 (g) → CaSO3 (s) + CO2 (g)

This reaction is balanced as written, so there is no need to balance it further. The reaction can be used to remove sulfur dioxide from waste gases by passing the gases through a bed of solid calcium carbonate. The sulfur dioxide reacts with the calcium carbonate to form calcium sulfite (CaSO3) and carbon dioxide (CO2).The calcium sulfite can then be further oxidized to form calcium sulfate (CaSO4), which is a useful industrial chemical. This process is known as flue gas desulfurization and is commonly used in coal-fired power plants to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide.

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Answer:

Explanation:

D. Vaporization occurs with liquid particles gain energy and "fly away" into a gas.

Think of when you're boiling something on the stove.

When 2.3 g of octane (CH3CH2CH3) react with 6.2 g of oxygen gas (O2), the theoretical yield of water (H2O) produced is 3.32 g.

The balanced equation for this reaction is:
CH3CH2CH3 + 3 O2  -> 2 CO2 + 3 H2O

To calculate the theoretical yield of water formed, we need to know the molar mass of octane, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water.
The molar mass of octane is (12.011 + 1.00794*2 + 15.9994*3 = 58.0966 g/mol).
The molar mass of oxygen is (2*15.9994 = 31.9988 g/mol).
The molar mass of carbon dioxide is (12.011 + 2*15.9994 = 44.0094 g/mol).
The molar mass of water is (2*1.00794 + 15.9994 = 18.01528 g/mol).

Now we can calculate the number of moles of octane and oxygen that are needed in the reaction.
2.3 g of octane is equal to (2.3/58.0966 = 0.0397 mol).
6.2 g of oxygen is equal to (6.2/31.9988 = 0.1937 mol).

The ratio of moles of octane to moles of oxygen is 0.0397:0.1937. We can use the mole ratio to calculate the moles of water formed:
0.1937 x 3 = 0.5811 mol of water

To convert from moles of water to grams of water, we multiply the number of moles of water by the molar mass of water:
0.5811 mol x 18.01528 g/mol = 3.32 g of water

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The balanced formula is therefore N 2 (g) + 3 H (g) 2 NH 3 (g).

In the example process, hydrogen and nitrogen combine to form ammonia. It is thus a combination reaction as it is known that this sort of reaction is referred to as a combination reaction when two molecules join to generate a new chemical.

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 is the balanced chemical formula for N2 + H2 + NH3 (g). The rule of mass conservatism may be used to attain this by duplicating the atoms across the product and reaction sides.

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The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is 4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O. This means that for every 4 moles of sodium (Na) and 1 mole of oxygen (O₂) that react, 2 moles of sodium oxide (Na₂O) are produced.

To determine the correct answer, we need to use stoichiometry to calculate the theoretical yield of Na₂O based on the amount of Na and O₂ present in each scenario. We can then compare the calculated yield to the given yield of 169 g and 527 g to see which starting material (Na or O₂) produces a lower yield.

A. To calculate the theoretical yield of Na₂O based on 5.43 moles of Na:

5.43 moles Na x (2 moles Na₂O / 4 moles Na) x (62 g Na₂O / 1 mole Na₂O) = 168.78 g Na₂O

The calculated yield of Na₂O based on 5.43 moles of Na is very close to the given yield of 169 g. Therefore, we can conclude that Na is not the correct answer.

B. To calculate the theoretical yield of Na₂O based on 4.25 moles of O₂:

4.25 moles O₂ x (2 moles Na₂O / 1 mole O₂) x (62 g Na₂O / 1 mole Na₂O) = 527.25 g Na₂O

The calculated yield of Na₂O based on 4.25 moles of O₂ is very close to the given yield of 527 g. Therefore, we can conclude that O₂ is not the correct answer.

C. Since Na is not the correct answer and O₂ is not the correct answer, the only option left is C. Therefore, the correct answer is O₂ because it has the lower starting mass.

The correct order of the reaction and  proper units are:

The units for the rate constant (k) is depend on the order  reaction. For the zero order reaction,  units of the k are the concentration/time, and which is the usually expressed as the moles per liter per second that is mol/L s or the  per second (s⁻¹).

For the first order reaction, the units for the k is mol per second (mols⁻¹) and the second order reaction has the unit for the rate constant is M⁻² s⁻¹. The third order reaction has the unit for the rate constant is M⁻¹ s⁻¹.

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