2. The combustion of octane is -47.5 kJ/g.
a. Write the reaction for the combustion of octane.
b. What is the value of the enthalpy of combustion for octane per mole?
c. If the enthalpy of combustion was written with the reaction, what value would be
used?
Answers
The enthalpy of combustion per mole is -5397.7 kJ/mol.
What is combustion?The term combustion refers to a reaction in which a substance is burnt in oxygen. Now we know that octane is a hydrocarbon and its combustion follows the general equation for the combustion of hydrocarbons.
[tex]2C_{8}H_{18} (g) + 25O_{2} (g)---- > 16CO_{2} (g) + 18H_{2} O(g)[/tex]
Given that the number of moles in one gram of octane is obtained from;
1g/114 g/mol = 0.0088 moles
If the burning of 0.0088 moles of octane produces -47.5 kJ
Burning of 1 mole of octane would produce 1 mole * -47.5 kJ/0.0088 moles
= -5397.7 kJ/mol
We can now write is as;
[tex]2C_{8}H_{18} (g) + 25O_{2} (g)---- > 16CO_{2} (g) + 18H_{2} O(g)[/tex] ΔH = -5397.7 kJ/mol
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Related Questions
- Why is the FBI interested in studying explosives?
Answers
which element requires the least amount of energy to remove the outer-most electron from a gaseous atom i the groud state
Answers
The element that requires the least amount of energy to remove the outer-most electron from a gaseous atom in the groud state is Sodium (Na). That is option 3.
What is a ground state of an atom?A group state of an atom is defined as the level of energy attained by an atom in which all its electrons are in the lowest possible energy levels.
From the periodic table, the elements are arranged in groups and periods according to their atomic mass number.
From the atoms listed, sodium is element that requires the least amount of energy to remove the outer-most electron from a gaseous atom in the groud state.
This is so because of the following reasons:
It had very low nuclear charge, Small size, and A negligible shielding effect.Learn more about elements here:
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Complete question
Which Element Requires The Least Amount Of Energy To Remove The Most Loosely Held Electron From A Gaseous Atom In The Ground State?
(1) bromine
(2) calcium
(3) sodium
(4) Silver
Select all of the objects that (essentially) maintain a constant velocity.
A planet in orbit around a star
A hockey puck sliding on the ice
An apple sitting on a table
A baseball after being hit by a bat
Answers
Answer: baseball after being hit by a bat planet in orbit around a starExplanation:
Three groups of students are given study outlines for 6 weeks. one group studies 2 hours a night, a second group studies 1 hour a night, and the third group only studies 30 minutes. their final exam grade will be at the end of the 6 weeks. whats the independent variable
Answers
Here independent variable is Time spent on studying.
An eye tracking experiment must include variables. Anything that may vary or be altered is a variable. To put it another way, it refers to any variable that can be altered, taken into account, or measured in an experiment.Independent variable: These are the variables or circumstances that you control in an experiment. the dependent variable is directly impacted by this variable.In this case group of students can change their duration of time which they spent on studying. it could be 1 hour a night, 4 hour a night or anything therefore time spent on studying is independent variable.
Time they spent on studying will directly affect their final exam grade at the end of the 6 weeks therefore final exam grade is dependent variable.
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An element has two isotopes. one isotope has a relative abundance of 75.0% and mass 25.0 amu. the second isotope has a relative abundance of 25.0% and 28.0 amu. what is the average atomic mass of the element?
Answers
The average atomic mass of the element is 25.75 amu.
m(²⁵X) = 25.0 amu; the average atomic mass of isotope-25
m(²⁸X) = 28.0 amu; the average atomic mass of isotope-28
ω(²⁵X) = 75.0% ÷ 100%
ω(²⁵X) = 0.750; fractional abudance of isotope-25
ω(²⁸X) = 25.0% ÷ 100%
ω(²⁸X) = 0.250; fractional abudance of isotope-28
m(X) = m(²⁵X) × ω(²⁵X) + m(²⁸X) × ω(²⁸X).
m(X) = 25.0 amu × 0.750 + 28.0 amu × 0.250
m(X) = 25.75 amu; average atomic mass of an element
The unified atomic mass unit (amu) is a standard unit of atom.
Isotopes are chemical elements with same atomic number, but different atomic mass (different number of neutrons).
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A rock will scratch with a fingernail but not a copper penny. According to mohs hardness scale, what can the student determine about the rock?
Answers
A rock will scratch with a fingernail but not a copper penny then according to Mohs hardness scale, the student will determine that the rock is more harder than fingernail and copper penny.
What is Mohs hardness scale?Mohs hardness scale can be defined as a qualitative ordinal scale ranges from one to ten characterizing the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of harder material to the softer material.
Hardness can be defined as the measure of the material resistance to localized permanent deformation. Permanent deformation is also known as plastic deformation.
Thus, rock will scratch with a fingernail but not a copper penny then according to Mohs hardness scale, the student will determine that the rock is more harder than fingernail and copper penny.
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why do meteorologists study air pressure
Answers
What do we call the state of a neuron when it is not firing a neural impulse? (2 points) action potential resting potential myelination signal transmission impulse inhibitory stage
Answers
The correct option is B.
Resting potential is the state of a neuron when it is not firing a neural impulse.
Resting potential is considered as the imbalance of electrical charge which existed between electrically excitable neurons or nerve cells in the interior and in their surroundings.
The resting membrane potential of a particular cell defines as the difference in electrical potential across the plasma membrane as when the cell exists in a non-excited state. The electrical potential difference that takes place across a cell membrane traditionally is expressed inside the cell by its value which is relative to the extracellular environment
When the condition of not sending a signal by a neuron takes place, it is considered to be at the "rest" stage. When a neuron exists at rest position, the inside region of a neuron is negative with respect to the outside.
The potential is recorded whenever a living cell is impaled with a microelectrode and is termed as the resting potential and it varies from one cell to another cell. Here it is valued to be -60 mV, but the value can range between -80 mV and -40 mV which depends on the particular type of nerve cell existed.
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A large rainstorm hits your town, and it rains all day. how does this event relate to the water cycle, and what happens to the water after the rain storm? first, state which stage of the water cycle is demonstrated by the storm. next, use the remaining stages of the water cycle to explain what happens to the water as the water cycle is completed. remember that the stages of the water cycle include evaporation, precipitation, condensation, and runoff.
Answers
Answer: here is the answer, I tried. lol, remember to re-write it!
The first stage is where it rains into grass, water, anything. Then it goes into the air and into more clouds, and produce more rainfall, which is evaporation. After that, it goes into precipitation, where it can cause hair, mist, rain, or snow. Then condensation, where water collects droplets when there is humid air, into the clouds. Then runoff, where the water is transported to a new location to produce rainfall.
Periodic Table Project: Element Presentation Your Favorite Element Student Guide Assignment Prompt In this assignment, you will research an element of your choice from the periodic table. Using reference materials and Internet sites, you will collect information about the element.
Answers
The element from the periodic table which is choose is Hydrogen.
Behaviour of hydrogen atom as electronegative atomHydrogen behaves as electronegative atom when it combine with the elements of group 1 and group 2. Since, hydrogen have the capability to accept an electron to acquire stable noble gas electronic configuration like helium.
Behaviour of hydrogen atom as electropositive atomHydrogen behaves as electropositive atom when it combine with the elements of group 13, 14, 15, 16 and group 17. Since, hydrogen have the capability to lose an electron to acquire stable noble gas electronic configuration.
Thus, from. above we concluded that hydrogen have unique property rather than another elements. So, it is best suited for assignment project.
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a research chemist is trying to create a new plastic to be used as a food container that is more durable and lighter than glass, and so cheaper to transport. this is an example of research chemistry that
Answers
A research chemist is trying to create a new plastic to be used as a food container that is more durable and lighter than glass, and so cheaper to transport which is an example of research chemistry that benefits the environment.
What is Environment?
This is referred to as the physical surrounding or conditions in which an organism lives and contains living and non-living components which have various forms of influence on human life.
Plastic is a substance which is hard to decompose and takes many years and also has the tendency to release harmful chemicals into the environment. The creation of one which more durable and easier to transport means there will be less plastic wastes.
This will therefore reduce various forms of pollution and benefit the environment at large and is therefore the reason why it was chosen ad the correct choice.
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how is copper obtained and separated from other nearby substances
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Copper mining is usually performed using open-pit mining, in which a series of stepped benches are dug deeper and deeper into the earth over time. To remove the ore, boring machinery is used to drill holes into the hard rock, and explosives are inserted into the drill holes to blast and break the rock.
Molecules have Question 19 options: A) only potential energy. B) neither kinetic nor potential energy. C) only kinetic energy. D) both potential and kinetic energy.
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
molecules have potential energy and kinetic energy.
Tempreture is defined as the average kinetic energy and internal energy is PE+KE. Pptential energy in particles or molecules is just there position relative to one another. A gas which has seperated particles will have a greater potential energy than a solid/liquid.
Which of the following is the steepest slopeWhich statement about DNA is true?
Responses
Different people can have the same copy of DNA in their cells.
Different people can have the same copy of DNA in their cells.
DNA is made up of genes that carry hereditary information.
DNA is made up of genes that carry hereditary information.
DNA controls the genotype but not the phenotype of an organism.
DNA controls the genotype but not the phenotype of an organism.
DNA controls the genotype only in the second and third generations.
Answers
DNA is made up of genes that carry hereditary information
The molecule inside cells that contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism and DNA molecules allow this information to be passed from one generation to the next generation and a molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique
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Mallory discovered that Fluorine (F) is found in Group 17, Period 2 on the periodic table. Where should Mallory look to find another element that has similar
properties to those of Fluorine?
O on the opposite side of the periodic table
O at elements whose symbols begin with the letter F
O in Period 2
O in Group 17
Answers
Answer:
I think in period 2
Explanation:
Mallory should look to find another element that has similar properties to those of Fluorine in Group 17 and is denoted as option D.
What is a Periodic table?This is defined as the arrangement of elements based on their atomic number in a tabular form. It consists of 18 vertical columns which are referred to as groups and seven horizontal rows called period.
Group 17 contains halogens such as fluorine, iodine etc and they have similar properties which is therefore the reason why it should be looked at for another element in this type of scenario.
This is also the most appropriate choice is option D.
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1. The physician ordered Azithromycin 15 mg/kg IV star for a child who weighs 20.0 kg. How many mg would the pharmacist need to put in the IV bag?
2. Morphine sulfate is used for pain relief but can also become addicting and fatal. The physician order reads: Morphine sulfate 0.30 mg IM ( intramuscular) stat. The recommended dose is 0.01 mg/kg. Is the ordered dose a mg safe for a child who weighs 31.0 kg?
Answers
2. Yes. 0.01 mg/kg x 31.0 kg = 0.31 mg
1. The pharmacist would need to put 300 mg of Azithromycin in the IV bag for the child.
2. The ordered dose of Morphine sulfate is safe for the child as 0.30 mg is slightly lower than 0.31 mg.
1. Azithromycin dosage for a child who weighs 20.0 kg:
The physician ordered Azithromycin at a dose of 15 mg/kg IV (intravenous) star.
Weight of the child (W) = 20.0 kg
Amount of Azithromycin needed = Weight of the child × Dose per kg
= 20.0 kg × 15 mg/kg
= 300 mg
Thus, the pharmacist need to put 300 mg of Azithromycin.
2. Morphine sulfate dosage for a child who weighs 31.0 kg:
The physician ordered Morphine sulfate at a dose of 0.30 mg IM (intramuscular) stat.
Weight of the child (W) = 31.0 kg
Recommended dose of Morphine sulfate = 0.01 mg/kg
= 0.01 mg/kg × 31.0 kg
= 0.31 mg
The ordered dose of 0.30 mg is slightly lower than the recommended dose of 0.31 mg for a child who weighs 31.0 kg.
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A children's liquid medicine contains 100 mg of the active ingredient in 5 mL. If a child should receive 150 mg of the active ingredient, how many milliliters of the medicine should the child be given? For the purposes of this question, assume that these numbers are exact. The package states that one teaspoon (tsp) is approximately equal to 5 mL. Calculate the number of teaspoons that the child should receive. Use the given approximation as your conversion factor.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation: A children's liquid medicine contains 100 mg of the active ingredient in 5 mL . If a child should receive 150 mg of the active ingredient, how many milliliters
making new compunds for high-speed tires is best done by the
A. physical chemist
B. organic chemist
C. inorganic chemist
D. biochemist
Answers
Making new compounds for high-speed tires is best done by the physical chemist
Chemical compounds are made up of atoms of different elements, joined together by chemical bonds and a chemical synthesis usually involves the breaking of existing bonds and the formation of new ones and physical chemists aim to develop a fundamental understanding at the molecular and atomic level of how materials behave and how chemical reactions occur, knowledge that is relevant in nearly every area of chemistry
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Can anyone please explain how to use the formula for the given question with work shown
Answers
.53 micrometers
take away the zeros and decimal it
a strong acid like hcl . group of answer choices is a strong buffer at low ph dissociates completely in an aqueous solution dissociates completely in aqueous solutions and is a strong buffer at low ph increases the ph when added to an aqueous solution reacts with strong bases to create a buffered solution
Answers
A strong acid like hcl dissociates completely in an aqueous solution
Acid :A Brnsted-Lowry acid or Lewis acid is a molecule or ion that has the ability to donate a proton or establish a covalent bond with an electron pair. Proton donors, also known as Brnsted-Lowry acids, are the first class of acids.
What is an acid and what does it do?LSD, sometimes known as acid, is the chemical name for lysergic acid diethylamide. Given that it's a potent psychedelic, you run the risk of seeing things and reality differently if you use it. Tripping is the term used to describe the LSD experience. Acidic substances fall below 7.0, while alkaline or basic substances rise above 7.0.
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Suppose that you are doing a lab in which you are observing prepared slides under the microscope. List the numbers of all the lab rules that would directly apply to this situation
Answers
The the numbers of all the lab rules that would directly apply to this situation are discussed below.
What is a microscope?A microscope is a laboratory equipment that is made up of lens which helps to magnify an object under investigation for study and observations.
A prepared slide is a slide that has undergone different staining procedures and is ready to be view under the microscope.
To make an efficient use of a microscope, the following laboratory rules needs to be followed:
Always dress appropriately when in the lad with your personal protecting equipments such as the eye goggles, gloves and a face mask.View all stained slides with X100 oil immersion.Focus all stained slides with X10 at the start.All prepared slides should be kept in a slide rack to prevent it from breaking.Learn more about microscope here:
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why is baking soda used in soda acid fire extinguisher?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
because seems it has a chemical that can remove fire they added it on a fire extinguisher
Answer:
Explanation:
why is baking soda used as acid fire extinguisher? Carbon dioxide gas is neither combustible nor helps combustion. It is heavier than air and cuts off the supply of oxygen from air and hence extinguishes the fire. … Hence, sodium bicarbonate is used in fire extinguishers.
take two carbon atoms and join by two springs making a double bond. complete the ethene moleeule by adding two hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom. each carbon atom should now have the usual four bonds. this is ethene which is also called ethylene. the structure for ethene is
Answers
Ethene (H2C=CH2) is a gaseous by-product of the long-chain hydrocarbons that are cracked to create highly sought-after goods like gasoline and aviation fuels.
What is ethene used for?The uses of ethene include: It is employed in the creation of polythene. It is used to make fruits artificially ripe. Ethene is also utilised to create other beneficial molecules such ethanol, oxyethylene flame, and ethylene glycol, which is used as an antifreeze.Does ethylene resemble ethene?A substance having the chemical formula C2H4 is ethylene, commonly known as ethene. It is both the most easily manufactured organic compound in the world and the simplest alkene. Unsaturated hydrocarbon ethylene, often known as C2H4, is utilised in industrial facilities and is occasionally found in typical medicine cabinets as a hormone.learn more about Ethene here
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tris (short for tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane) is a commonly used buffer for biochemical solutions. it contains an ionizable amino group with pka
Answers
200ml of 0.1M tris-H with 732ml water and 68ml of 0.1M NaOH
What is the purpose of tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane?The Food and Drug Administration has approved THAM, a rarely used buffer, for the treatment of metabolic acidosis related to cardiac bypass surgery and metabolic acidosis related to cardiac arrest.
What use does Tris buffer serve?For DNA agarose electrophoresis, Tris buffers are frequently employed. TBE (Tris borate/EDTA) and TAE (Tris acetate/EDTA) are the two major buffers. These Tris buffers can normally be used interchangeably, despite some variations in the resolution of various types of DNA and their mobility during electrophoresis.Using a tris buffer helps keep the pH steady during cell lysis and extraction because DNA extraction is a pH-sensitive procedure.learn more about buffer here
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the question you are looking for is
Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (TRIS) is widely used for the preparation of buffers in biochemical research. Shown here is the structure of TRIS in its protonated form: Its acid dissociation constant, pKa, is 8.32 x10-9 M. You have available at your lab bench a 0.1 M solution of TRIS in its protonated form, 0.1 Msolutions of HCl and NaOH, and ample distilled water. Describe the preparation of a 1 L solution of 0.02 M TRIS buffer, pH 7.8.
www 15. Using the idea of particles explain why: a. The smell of burnt food travels through the houses? b. When two solids are placed on top of each other, they do not mix? c. Pumping up your bike tyres gives a smooth ride? d. Smokers can cause lung damage in other people? e. Heating gas in a closed container will increase its pressure? f. Poisonous gasses from a factory chimney can affect a large area?explain it ?
Answers
a. The smell of burnt food travels through the houses- Because the particles are really heated up and have a lot of kinetic energy, which causes them to move quickly, the stench of burnt food permeates the entire house.
b. When two solids are placed on top of each other, they do not mix- Because they have clear boundaries and a definite shape, two solids stacked on top of one another do not mix.
c. Pumping up your bike tires gives a smooth ride- Because the tire's air pressure is what maintains it in place. Even though the tires appear to be firm when you push on them with your palm, they actually have a lot of give as the vehicle's weight shifts and it bounces around the road.
d. Smokers can cause lung damage in other people- The heart and blood arteries are impacted by secondhand smoke, which raises the risk of suffering a heart attack. The risk of developing and passing away from heart disease rises when people are exposed to secondhand smoke.
e. Heating gas in a closed container will increase its pressure- When gases in containers are heated, the average speed of their molecules increases. They consequently strike the container walls more frequently, more forcefully, and with greater force. Therefore, when the gas's temperature rises, it is under more pressure.
f. Poisonous gasses from a factory chimney can affect a large area- manufacturing chimney smoke, and power plant emissions all contribute to air pollution. Acids are created when poisonous gases, like sulfur dioxide, combine with rain and mist. A large area of plants are killed when acid rain occurs.
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If a hydrolysis reaction forms a carboxylic acid from an ester and water, what type of molecule will the other product be?.
Answers
If a hydrolysis reaction forms a carboxylic acid from an ester and water, the other product will be an alcohol.
Hydrolysis breaks down compounds by adding a water molecule.
Hydrolysis is a reaction that breaks down the chemical bonds between molecules via the addition of a water molecule.
Hydrolysis of an ester gives an alcohol and a carboxylic acid:
R-COOR + H₂O ⇄ R-COOH + R-OH
R-COOR is general molecular formula of an ester.
H₂O is water.
R-COOH is general molecular formula of a carboxylic acid.
R-OH is general molecular formula of an alcohol.
An ester is a compound in which at least one hydroxyl group is replaced by an alkoxy group.
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please answer these questions. im sure im wrong on all them!!!!! please answer correctly too
Answers
Answer:
the graph shows that the filtrated solution was acidic but when we add nh3 (base) ,acid base reaction take place and in this reaction salt and water are form by this oh-ion concentration keep on increasing and change ph from 4 to 10
Explain how gallium and germanium fit in Mendeleev’s predictions
Answers
Mendeleev left gaps in the periodic table to place elements not known at that time. By looking at the chemical properties and physical properties of the elements next to a gap, he predicted the properties of these undiscovered elements.
What is Mendeleev periodic table ? Based on the gaps in the periodic table Mendeleev deduced that in these gaps elements were yet to be discovered. Based on other elements in same group he predicted the existence of eka-aluminum, eka-boron, and eka-silicon, later to be named gallium (Ga), scandium (Sc), and germanium (Ge) respectively.eka-aluminum ⇒ gallium (Ga)eka-boron ⇒ scandium (Sc)eka-silicon ⇒ germanium (Ge)Thus we can conclude that, the chemical and physical properties of the elements next to the gap, he was able to predict gallium and germanium.
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In 1871, the atomic masses and other chemical characteristics of gallium, germanium, and scandium were unknown, but Mendeleev provided slots for each and made predictions about them.
Mendeleev's PredictionsMendeleev became so certain of the validity of his periodic table that he altered the atomic masses of known elements to make them fit where they "belonged" in it. He did this on the basis of his belief in his table alone, not any experimental evidence. In one instance, he adjusted the beryllium atomic mass from 14, which put it in Group 15 above nitrogen (N), to 9, which moved it below nitrogen. It was positioned in Group 2 above magnesium (Mg), with which it shared a closer chemical relationship. Mendeleev's bold prediction of the properties of as-yet-undiscovered elements was even more audacious.To learn more about Mendeleev's Predictions refer:
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2. Note how many of each element would be found in one particle of the following compounds:
Compound
sugar (C12H22O11)
salt (NaCl)
baking soda (NaHCO3)
Number of Each Element
Answers
Sugar has 12 elements of carbon, 22 elements of hydrogen, and 11 elements of oxygen.
Salt has 1 element of sodium, and 1 chlorine
Baking soda has 1 sodium, 1 hydrogen, 1 carbon and 3 oxygen
What is an element?A chemical element is a substance that cannot be further broken down by any chemical reaction.
Each element has its own specified number of proton in their nuclei.
An element’s atoms must all have the same number of protons but they can have different numbers of neutrons and hence different masses.
Examples of elements include:
hydrogenheliumlithiumcarbonoxygenSome elements are more abundant that others in the universe. At 75 percent, hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, followed by helium at 23 percent, then oxygen at 1 percent.
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TASK 3:
Figure 2 shows the chemicals given to a student.
Figure 2
W
Four different powdered metals
X
Y
Z
Dilute
sulfuric
acid
The student wants to investigate the reactivity of the four metals.
Outline a plan the student could use to investigate the relative reactivity of the four
metals, W, X, Y and Z
The plan should use the fact that all four metals react exothermically with dilute
sulfuric acid.
You should name the apparatus used and comment on the safe use of the
chemicals
_(6)
Answers
The apparatus used are dewer vessel 1000ml capacity complete with cover, electric stirrer 300rpm, base with stand, and W = zinc, X = aluminium, Y = magnesium, Z = iron and metals reactivity is chart listing metals in order of decreasing reactivity
Here given data is Four different powdered metals W,X,Y, Z react with Dilute sulfuric acid
When W=zinc, X=aluminium, Y=magnesium, Z=iron this four metals are reactive with Dilute sulfuric acid then give ZnSO₄, Al₂(SO)₃, MgSO₄, FeSO₄ and magnesium is very active metal and gold and platinum are not react with Dilute sulfuric acid and apparatus used are dewer vessel 1000ml capacity complete with cover, electric stirrer 300rpm, base with stand
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