Answer:
$6896551.7
Explanation:
Given the following :
Product R:
Selling price = $20
Variable cost = $6
Product S:
Selling price = $50
Variable cost = $30
Firm's fixed cost = $4, 000,000
Break-even point dollars = (Fixed cost /Contribution margin ratio)
Contribution margin : selling price - variable cost
Product R: $(20 - 6) = $14
Contribution margin ratio = ($14/$20) * 60% = 0.42
Product S: $(50 - 30) = $20
Contribution margin ratio = ($20/$50) * 40% = 0.16
Sum of contribution margin ratio for both products = (0.42 + 0.16) = 0.58
Break-even point dollars = (Fixed cost /sum of Contribution margin ratio)
= $4,000,000/0.58
= $6896551.7
Hector Aguerra is interested in making a lot of money. He is a very good salesperson. People tell him he could sell sand in Saudi Arabia! He is also a very hard worker, and is willing to work a lot of hours to make the kind of money he wants. Hector should most likely look for the kind of job that is paid:_________
A. on salary with overtime.
B. by commission.
C. with a high hourly rate.
D. in a situation with team-based compensation.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Hector is best suited to work as as a sales or advertising agent due to his high selling skills. Sales agents are usually paid in commissions. He would also be able to earn the type of money he wants by choosing the number of hours he chooses to work
Seymore named his wife, Penelope, the beneficiary of a $100,000 insurance policy on his life. The policy provided that, upon his death, the proceeds would be paid at a rate of $4,000 per year plus interest over a 25-year period. Seymore died June 25 of last year, and in the current year Penelope received a payment of $5,200 from the insurance company. What amount should she include in her gross income for the current year
Answer:
$1,200
Explanation:
The reason is that out of $5,200, $4,000 is the amount that Penelope receives as capital asset proceeds as this $4,000 reduces the insurance policy worth by $4,000. Hence it is insurance policy proceeds and is exempt from tax. The remainder $1,200 is interest earnings per year which must be included in the gross income for current year as it is taxable income.
Why are GNP figures generally lower than the GDP figures in
South Africa?
Answer:
GDP stands for gross domestic product and includes the market value of all the finished and legal goods and services produced within a country during one year. While the GNP refers to gross national product and it measures the total market value of all the finished and legal goods produced by the citizens (including individuals and businesses) of a country.
Generally in developing countries, like South Africa, there are a lot of foreign multinational corporations that operate there. Their operations are included in the GDP, but since they are American, European or Asian multinational corporations, their operations are included in the GNP of their respective countries, not South African GNP.
Brokerage relationships must be disclosed in writing prior to : Eliciting or accepting confidential information from a buyer concerning buyer's real estate needs, motivation, or financial qualifications
Answer:
Correct
Explanation:
Brokerage relationships must involve both parties signing an agrerment to the relationship. This means that there must be a written agreement signed by both parties that the agent(broker) will represent the other party exclusively in the transaction. This agreement should be available and should be disclosed in writing before the broker can go ahead to represent the buyer on-call transactions that will involve buyers confidential information
The Credit Alliance v. Arthur Andersen & Co. case established three tests that must be satisfied for holding auditors liable for negligence to third parties. All of the following are tests described except :________.
a) Knowledge by the accountant that the financial statements are to be used for a particular purpose.
b) The intention of the third party to rely on those statements.
c) Some action by the accountant linking hi or her to the third party than provides evidence of the accountant's understanding of intented reliance.
d) The identity of the third party must be directly known to the auditor.
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
The Credit Alliance v. Arthur Andersen & Co. is a case that questions if an accountant should be held liable to the third party on whom it is reliable to his detriment absent privity of contract.
The Court of Appeals of New York, on July 2, 1985, affirmed that an auditor should not be held liable if they fulfill the following three requirements.
The auditor should have knowledge that the financial statements will be used for a particular purpose.The intention of the third party to rely on those statements. Some action should have been there by the acccountant that links him or her to the third party which will clarify the auditor to understand why third party is relying in the statement.So, from the options stated in the question, one that is not included in this case is the fourth one. Thus the correct answer is option D.
Determining firm performance is a complex interaction of firm effects and industry effects, with other factors also considered. Based on historical analysis, what do we know about firm and industry effects
Answer and Explanation:
As per the historical analysis the explanation is shown below:-
a. Management decisions have a major role to play in firm results, rather than firm impact.
b. The influence of macro-environmental effects like recession is greater than that of either firm or industrial effects.
c. The firm effects have a greater impact on results than on the effects on industry.
d. The effects of the industry get more effect on results than firm effects.
Assume that Matt, Joe, and Teresa are the only citizens in a community. A proposed public good has a total cost of $1,000. All three citizens will share an equal portion of this cost in taxes. The benefit of the public good is $500 for Matt, $280 for Joe, and $260 for Teresa. In a majority vote, this proposal will most likely be
Answer: Defeated; two against and one in favor
Explanation:
The options to the question are:
a. Accepted; two in favor and one against
b. Defeated; two against and one in favor
c. Accepted; three in favor and none against
d. Defeated; none in favor and three against
A majority vote is a voting system whereby the person who wins is the person that has more than fifty percent of the vote.
In this question, we are told that Matt, Joe, and Teresa will share an equal portion of this cost in taxes and that the benefit of the public good is $500 for Matt, $280 for Joe, and $260 for Teresa.
In a majority vote, this proposal will most likely be defeated as there will be two against and one in favor. Joe and Teresa will be against it ane only Matt will be in support as he will receive more in benefit than the others.
Aria’s, Inc. has 1,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value cumulative preferred stock and 10,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding. The company has not paid dividends in two years. In its third year, it paid the common shareholders a $2 per-share dividend, plus the amount owed to preferred shareholders. What is the total amount of dividends paid?
Answer:
The total amount of dividends paid by Aria’s, Inc. is $30,000.
Explanation:
The total amount of dividends paid by Aria’s, Inc. can be obtained by adding the dividends paid to common shareholders and preferred stockholders as follows:
Annual dividend paid to cumulative preferred stockholders = Number of cumulative preferred shares * Par value of the share * Dividend rate = 1,000 * $100 * 5% = $5,000
Since Aria’s, Inc. has has not paid dividends in two years, the total dividend paid to cumulative preferred stockholders is as follows:
Total dividend paid to cumulative preferred stockholders = Annual dividend paid to cumulative preferred stockholders * 2 = $5,000 * 2 = $10,000
Dividend paid to common stockholders = Number of common shares * Common shares dividend per share = 10,000 * $2 = $20,000
Therefore, we have:
Total amount of dividends paid = Total dividend paid to cumulative preferred stockholders + Dividend paid to common stockholders = $10,000 + $20,000 = $30,000
Therefore, the total amount of dividends paid by Aria’s, Inc. is $30,000.
Does anyone know how to start your own business as a teen? I am trying to start my own beauty business, with face products etc. Also I need name ideas one of that I was thinking of was Natural Beauty. Since I am going to be selling all natural products
Answer:
i'm no expert but, i think first start out with ideas of the business u wanna do and keep adding on to those ideas you already have and find a business idea you know you can invest in and stick to that business so you can make money you want and supply the products people want and need so, that your making money to help yourself out in life and their getting supplies that are good and don't have harsh chemicals so, it doesn't result in you losing money. Also Natural Beauty is a good name but, i think you might like these three name ideas but, if not its okay go with the name you want since it's your business. Here are the name ideas Natural Essentials, Clear Beauty, or Organic Beauty Essentials.
Answer:
Many small business owners decide to set up an LLC for the liability protection it provides. An LLC, or limited liability company, exists separately from its owners (known as members), and the owners are therefore not personally responsible for business debts.Most states don’t allow two different business entities to have the same name. So you can’t, for example, have “Joe’s Donuts, LLC” and “Joe’s Donuts, Inc.,” even if they’re located in different cities. Many states also restrict companies from using certain words in their names, such as “bank.” If the LLC name you’ve selected is available, but you aren’t going to be filing your LLC documents right away, you may want to reserve the name. Nearly every state allows you to reserve a name by filing a form and paying a name reservation fee. The length of the reservation period, filing fees, and renewal policies vary from state to state.Almost every state requires its LLCs to name a registered agent (also sometimes called a statutory agent). A registered agent is a person who agrees to receive lawsuits, subpoenas and other official documents on behalf of the LLC and to pass them along to the appropriate person at the LLC.An LLC operating agreement is the roadmap that describes how your LLC will be run. It specifies such things as the ownership interests and voting rights of the members, how profits and losses will be allocated, how meetings will be held, how the business will be governed, the rights of the members if one of them dies or leaves the business, and the way the company will be dissolved if it goes out of business.Each state has its own form and procedure for establishing an LLC. In general, you must file articles of organization that list.After the LLC’s formation documents are filed and approved, the state will issue a certificate or other document that confirms that your LLC formally exists. Once you’ve received the certificate, you can take care of business matters like obtaining a tax ID number and business licenses and setting up a business bank account. Explanation:If your LLC does business in more than one state, you may need to register to do business in other states. To do this, you’ll need to fill out and submit paperwork that’s similar to the paperwork you filed when you formed your LLC. You’ll also need a registered agent in each state where you are authorized to do business.
The new airline, Aphrodites Airlines is getting ready to make its advertising decisions on how to promote itself in the marketplace. The major advertising objectives it should make to develop its advertising program include: Group of answer choices message/media decisions, budget decisions/, and global market strategies objective settings, budget decisions, ethical dilemmas objective settings, budget decisions, global market strategies and joint ventures objectives setting, budget decisions, message/media decisions, and advertising evaluations
Answer:
Objective setting, budget decisions, message/media decisions, and advertising evaluations.
Explanation:
Advertising strategies differ for every business. There can be different strategies for service business rather than those businesses who provide physical goods. Service business need to pay special attention to their customers because of their intangible nature. Aphrodite's Airlines is making decision to promote its business. First they need to set objectives, then identify their organization budget for advertising activity.
Which identification number is the most important component of your personal identity?
A.
debit card PIN
B.
credit card PIN
C. employee ID of the company
D.
social security number
E.
bank account number
Answer:
D.
social security number
Explanation:
This is because that number allows the government to keep track of your lifetime earnings and years you have worked
Item 28Item 28According to the _________ concept, a firm must (1) find out what customers want and provide it, (2) make sure everyone in the organization has customer satisfaction as an objective, and (3) provide goods and services that will earn a profit.
Answer:
Marketing concept.
Explanation:
The marketing concept can be defined as a concept which suggests a firm to examine the needs of customers, satisfy their needs, and work to earn profit. The concept of marketing emerged after the World War 2 when customers had a choice to buy a certain product that meet their changing needs.
There are five types of marketing concepts.
The Production ConceptThe Product ConceptThe Selling ConceptThe Marketing ConceptThe Societal Marketing ConceptSo, the correct answer is that it is the marketing concept that performs the stated functions.
Cliff Company traded in an old truck for a new one. The old truck had a cost of $75,000 and accumulated depreciation of $60,000. The new truck had an invoice price of $125,000. Huffington was given a $12,000 trade-in allowance on the old truck, which meant they paid $113,000 in addition to the old truck to acquire the new truck. If this transaction has commercial substance, what is the recorded value of the new truck
Answer: $125,000
Explanation:
If the above transaction in the question has commercial substance, the recorded value of the new truck will be the trade in allowance of $12,000 on the old truck in addition to the $113,000 that was paid to get the new truck.
Mathematically expressed, this will be:
= $113,000 + $12,000
= $125,000
The biomedical division needs to hire the best biomedical engineers in the world to be competitive in this global industry, and competition to attract talent is stiff. Many of the most innovative engineers work for startups. What would be the most appropriate HRM approach
Answer:
Explanation:
Based on the information provided, it can be said that the most appropriate approach would be to acquire startups with talented employees and integrate these employees into the company's culture. These startup's would not only already have the talented employees that the biomedical division needs but those employees would also already have become accustomed to the team that they have been working within the startup. This would drastically increase their efficiency.
________________ focuses on explaining the differences between planned and actual contribution margins. a.Contribution margin analysis b.The unit cost factor c.The quantity factor d.The unit price factor
Answer: A.) Contribution Margin analysis
Explanation: The contribution margin analysis could be explained as an analytical tool in accounting which helps managers in observing variation or differences in the budgeted and actual contribution margin of a product. The contribution margin is used to determine the revenue made on a product after deducting the fixed cost incurred in it's production. It is also used to evaluate the performance of individual product derived from the amount of residual profit after deducting necessary production cost.
Suppose Asarta Inc. is polluting yucko and they have been tasked with cleaning up some of their waste. The company decides to clean up Q tons of yucko—are they cleaning up enough?
Answer: The answer is No, because the MB > MC
Explanation:
They are not cleaning up enough because the MB>MC. Therefore, all other options which cut across - Yes, because the MC > MB,
No, because the MB > MC,
Yes, because the MB > MC and
No, because the MC > MB are wrong.
The pharmaceutical industry argues that because new drugs will not be developed unless heavy development costs can be recouped in later sales, the current 20 years of protection provided by patents should be extended in the case of newly developed drugs. However, in other industries new-product development continues despite high development costs, a fact that indicates that the extension is unnecessary.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the pharmaceutical industry’s argument against the challenge made above?
(A) No industries other than the pharmaceutical industry have asked for an extension of the 20-year limit on patent protection.
(B) Clinical trials of new drugs, which occur after the patent is granted and before the new drug can be marketed, often now take as long as 10 years to complete.
(C) There are several industries in which the ratio of research and development costs to revenues is higher than it is in the pharmaceutical industry.
(D) An existing patent for a drug does not legally prevent pharmaceutical companies from bringing to market alternative drugs, provided they are sufficiently dissimilar to the patented drug.
(E) Much recent industrial innovation has occurred in products—for example, in the computer and electronics industries—for which patent protection is often very ineffective.
Answer:
(B) Clinical trials of new drugs, which occur after the patent is granted and before the new drug can be marketed, often now take as long as 10 years to complete.
Explanation:
This option supports the pharmaceutical industry's claim because the research and development time of a new drug can be as long as half its patent life. Generally R&D on other industries takes a much shorter time, or at least not as much as half the patent's life.
Personally I would agree with the pharmaceutical industry if in exchange they would sell their drugs in the US at the same price as they are sold in Canada or Europe, or any other country in the world. The patent extension would benefit them and reduce the price of drugs by 80-90% in the US. I'm certain that the later would never happen, because the US is by far the largest cow milk for pharmaceutical companies because it is the only countries where the price of legal drugs is not regulated.
Suppose you own 50,000 shares of common stock in a firm with 2.5 million total shares outstanding. The firm announces a plan to sell an additional 1 million shares through a rights offering. The market value of the stock is $ 35 before the rights offering and the new shares are being offered to existing shareholders at a $ 5 discount. a.If you exercise your preemptive rights, how many of the new shares can you purchase? b.What is the market value of the firm after the rights offering? c.What is your total investment in the firm after the rights offering? How is your investment split between original shares and new shares? d.If you decide not to exercise your preemptive rights rather sell your rights, what is your investment in the firm after the rights offering? How is this split between old shares and rights?
Answer:
20,000 ; $117.5 million; $2,350,000; $1678500; $1,078,500
Explanation:
Given the following :
Number of common stock shares owned = 50,000
outstanding shares = 2.5 million
Additional shares = 1 million
Market value of stock before rights offering = $35
Net stock price for existing shareholders ($5 discount) = $(35 - 5) = $30
A.) If you exercise your preemptive rights, how many of the new shares can you purchase?
Number of stocks / (outstanding shares ÷ additional shares)
[(50,000) ÷ (2.5 ÷1)] = 50,000/2.5 = 20,000
B.) b.What is the market value of the firm after the rights offering?
(Outstanding shares * market price) + ( additional shares * discount price)
(2.5million * $35) + (1 million * $30)
$87.5 + $30 = $117.5 million
C.) What is your total investment in the firm after the rights offering?
(stock shares held before offering * market price) + ( new shares that can be purchased * discount price)
(50,000 * $35) + (20,000 * $30)
1750000 + $600,000 = $2,350,000
D.)
Number of common stock shares *new market value after Issuance
New Market value after Issuance :
Market value of firm after offering / (outstanding + additional shares)
$117,500,000 / (2.5+1)million
$117,500,000 / 3,500,000
= $33.57
50,000 * $33.57 = $1678500
11)
Revenue from right sale :
Number of right shares * discount price
20,000 * $30 = $600,000
Value of proceed :
$1678500 - $600,000 = $1,078,500
Question 18 :Project managers must balance three elements that compose the project triangle. You are a project manager who is halfway through a project when your customer contacts you to say that he has been authorized to provide additional funds for the project. How will this most likely affect other elements of the project
Answer: The project scope will increase
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that there is a project manager who is halfway through a project and then his customer contacts him to say that he has been authorized to provide additional funds for the project.
This will most likely increase the project scope. The project scope simply means the work that is needed to be done in order for a particular project to be accomplished. Due to the increase in funds, it means that more work will be expected.
The CEO of peripheral company QuickDrive uses a leadership style that encourages employees to discuss management issues with the CEO and to work together to resolve those issues in a democratic manner. Which of the following statements would the CEO of QuickDrive most likely make?
A) The key to QuickDrive staying on top in a high-tech industry is not wasting time checking out what other firms do, but to act immediately on my directives.
B) In a high-tech business, it is more important to invest in technology than to invest in people.
C) The key to keeping talented employees loyal to QuickDrive is to use a participative management style and treat them with respect, value their ideas, give them the resources they need, and expect great things from them.
D) Spending a lot of money to buy out competitors for their technology is likely to backfire, because QuickDrive is a leader in technology development.
Answer:
C) The key to keeping talented employees loyal to QuickDrive is to use a participative management style and treat them with respect, value their ideas, give them the resources they need, and expect great things from them.
Explanation:
As for the statement in the question, we can see that the CEO of QuickDrive believes that the ky to success is to engange employees in an active manner.
Employees, instead of being people who only go to work and perform certain tasks, become collaborative with management, taking up the role of management often.
This lack of rigidity and free flow of ideas from top of the company to botton will likely result in a business enviroment that promotes sense of belonging, and rapid adaptation to change.
In a perpetual average cost system:_________
a) A new weighted-average unit cost is calculated each time additional units are purchased.
b) The cost allocated to ending inventory is generally the same as it would be in a periodic inventory system.
c) The moving-average unit cost is determined following each sale.
d) The average is determined by dividing the total number of units sold by the cost of units purchased during the period.
Answer:
a) A new weighted-average unit cost is calculated each time additional units are purchased
Explanation:
Perpetual Inventory system is the method of recalculating the value of goods held after each transaction.
In Weighted Average Cost Method, the average cost of goods held is recalculated each time a new delivery of goods is received. Issues are then priced at this weighted average cost.
Clarion Township was approved for a grant from the federal government. The grant provides for reimbursement up to $200,000 for expenditures incurred to weatherize homes for low-income persons. Upon notification that the grant had been approved, but before weatherization activities have begun, Clarion Township should:
Answer:
Make no journal entry
Explanation:
A journal entry is defined as a record of a financial transaction by an entity. Economic and non economic transactions are recorded in the accounting journal to show debits and credits of the business.
In this scenario Clarion Township was approved for a grant from the federal government.
However upon notification of the approval no journal entry is to be recorded because weatherization has not started, so no expense has been incurred.
Journal entry is only made when cost is incurred or revenue is earned.
The selection of levels of activity to depict a flexible budget:__________.
1. will be within the relevant range.
2. is largely a matter of expediency.
3. is governed by generally accepted accounting principles.
Answer:
1 and 2
Explanation:
A flexible budget is a budget in which there is a change in the volume or the change in activity so that it becomes so sophisticated
While on the other hand under the static budget the values would remain the same
So at the time of selection for activity levels, it should be within relevant change and expediency matter H
Hence, the first two statements are correct
Uniway Technologies Inc. has based its manufacturing units in the country of Lanthania. The country's stable economic and political environment has helped the firm gain competitive advantage by lowering its production costs and improving product quality. Other things being equal, the benefits realized from such a strategy can be typically referred to as _____.
Answer:
location economies
Explanation:
Location economics refers to the economics in which the firm is able to find the location for their goods and services. It reflects the utilization setting for company goods. Also the production of goods using the optimum setting brings the extra advantage over the rivals.
Therefore according to the given situation, if it gained competitive advantage via improving the quality of products at less production cost keeping other things constant, the benefit gained from this strategy refers to the location economics
Springfield Company offers a bonus plan to its employees and the amount of the employee bonuses for the current year is estimated to be $32,500 to be paid during January of the following year. The journal entry on December 31 to record the bonuses is:________.
A) Debit Estimated Bonus Payable $32,500; credit Cash $32,500.
B) Debit Employee Bonus Expense $32,500; credit Bonus Payable $32,500.
C) No entry since the bonuses are not paid until January.
D) Debit Employee Bonus Expense $32,500; credit Prepaid Employee Bonus $32,500.
E) Debit Unearned Bonuses $32,500; credit Bonus Payable $32,500.
Answer:
Springfield Company
The unpaid Employee Bonuses will have a journal entry as follows:
B) Debit Employee Bonus Expense $32,500; credit Bonus Payable $32,500.
Explanation:
Springfield Company had already incurred the bonus for the accounting period. It must be recognized as an expense in the year in accordance with the accrual concept and the matching principle of generally accepted accounting principles. These require that expenses must be recognized not on cash basis but on accrual basis and that any expense relating to an accounting period must be matched to revenue of that period.
Sandra Stone, Vice President of International Operations for Global Apparel Corporation, was working with her subordinate, Pete Thompson, to plan for his upcoming 18-month overseas assignment to the firm's new office in Rome. Based upon her experience with previous failed overseas assignments, she was taking steps to avoid another failure. Therefore, one of the key features of Sandra's plan for Pete was to
Answer: develop a reentry plan for Pete prior to the completion of the overseas assignment.
Explanation:
The options to the question are:
A. develop a reentry plan for Pete prior to the completion of the overseas assignment.
B. limit communication to every-other-month status phone calls so as to not micromanage Pete.
C. save costs by avoiding a "look-see" trip for Pete and his family, given Pete's enthusiasm.
D. develop performance measures after Pete had completed his first year.
E. develop the assignment "on the fly" given the uncertainties involved.
From the question, we are informed that Sandra Stone, Vice President of International Operations for Global Apparel Corporation, was working with her subordinate, Pete Thompson, to plan for his upcoming 18-month overseas assignment to the firm's new office in Rome.
We are further told that based upon her experience with previous failed overseas assignments, she was taking steps to avoid another failure. Therefore, one of the key features of Sandra's plan for Pete was to develop a reentry plan for Pete prior to the completion of the overseas assignment. This will help to prevent another failed overseas assignment.
Containers, Inc., sends its standard order form to Distribution Corporation to evidence a sale of packing materials. Distribution responds with its own standard purchase order form. Additional terms in the purchase order automatically become part of the contract unless:________.
According to Michael Porter, businesses can compete successfully by doing which of the following? A. being the cheapest producer B. making unique products valued by consumers C. applying their expertise in a narrow market segment to meet that segment’s particular product or service needs D. any of these
Answer:
D. any of these
Explanation:
Competitive strategy means intentionally selecting a distinct set of tasks to produce a compelling value proposition. Michael Porter focused on the topic of international competition. He consulted international governments on their economic strategies and led the U.S. Presidential Commission. Porter's strategies explain how a business upholds competitive advantages across the whole concerned market context.
Two common forms of a focused approach to corporate entrepreneurship include ______________ and _____________. Multiple Choice internal collaboration; internal venturing social capital; collaboration capital business incubators; new venture groups focus groups; business incubators
Answer:
Two common forms of a focused approach to corporate entrepreneurship include business incubators and new venture groups.
Explanation:
I found the answer to this on Quizlet, I hope this helps :)
Business incubators and new venture groups are two typical examples of a focused approach to corporate entrepreneurship. Thus option (C) is correct.
What is corporate?A corporation is a collection of people or a business that has been given legal status as a single entity by the state and is used for specific legal purposes. Early corporations were created with a charter. The majority of governments currently permit the registration of new corporations.
Corporate refers to a group of large enterprises or a specific large company. For corporate clients as opposed to private ones, interest rates are greater. Both the economy and business earnings are expanding. Corporate refers to a group of large enterprises or a specific large company.
Therefore, Thus option (c) is correct.
Learn more about corporate here:
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Mr. Chase has opened a custom furniture business and is concerned about the costs associated with storing raw materials, machinery, and finished products. Mr. Chase should consider using a method of production known as just-in-time (JIT) production to help control his inventory costs
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Just In Time Production keeps Inventory Levels at minimum by requiring the Company to hold only the inventory that is required by a particular production .This method opposes keeping of Inventory for production which has not been commenced.