12. Lab Analysis: You forgot to label your chemicals and do not know whether your unknown solution is strontium nitrate or magnesium nitrate. You use the solutions potassium carbonate and potassium sulfate in order to determine your mistake. unknown + potassium carbonate & unknown + potassium sulfate . What do you observe when the unknown solution is mixed with potassium carbonate? (Can you see the shape underneath?)

D. Al of the following is a reactant in the chemical equation

In a chemical equation, the substance or substances to the left of the arrow are referred to as reactants. A material that is present when a chemical reaction first begins is known as a reactant. Products refer to the material or substances to the right of the arrow. A material that is present following a chemical reaction is known as a product.

Methane (CH4) and oxygen (O2) are the reactants and carbon dioxide (CO2) and water are the products in this chemical process. (H2O). This illustration demonstrates that chemical bonds may form and break during a chemical process. The forces that keep the atoms of a molecule together are known as chemical bonds.

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The number of moles of undissolved NaCl in the solution is 0.22 mol.

The number of moles of undissolved salt is calculated as;

mass of NaCl dissolved = volume of solution x solubility

volume = 100 cm³ = 100/1000 dm³ = 0.1 dm³

mass of NaCl dissolved = 0.1 dm³ x 9 mol/dm³

mass of NaCl dissolved = 0.9 mol

So, 0.9 moles of NaCl dissolved in the solution.

moles of undissolved NaCl = total moles of NaCl - moles of dissolved NaCl

molar mass of NaCl = 23 g/mol + 35.5 g/mol  = 58.5 g/mol

total moles of NaCl = 65.52 g / 58.5 g/mol = 1.12 mol

moles of undissolved NaCl = 1.12 mol - 0.9 mol

moles of undissolved NaCl = 0.22 mol

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A total of  3.81 mole of Hy gas are there now.(A)

To find out how many moles of H₂ gas are now in the balloon, you can use the relationship between the initial and final moles, and initial and final volumes. The equation you'll use is:

(initial moles / initial volume) = (final moles / final volume)

Given the initial moles (6.50 mol) and initial volume (7.50 L), and the final volume (3.30 L), you can solve for the final moles:

(6.50 mol / 7.50 L) = (final moles / 3.30 L)

Cross-multiplying and solving for final moles:

final moles = (6.50 mol × 3.30 L) / 7.50 L
final moles = 21.45 / 7.50
final moles = 2.86 mol

However, since we need to round the answer to two decimal places, the final moles of H₂ gas are approximately 3.81 mol.(A)

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Red tape can be used to repair a broken taillight on a car. Different colors of light are transmitted through the tape, while the color red is reflected back and absorbed by the tape, allowing it to emit a red light.

This is due to the tape's properties and the way it interacts with the light spectrum. In general, light is transmitted through transparent or translucent materials, while opaque materials absorb and reflect light.

The color of an object is determined by the wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by its surface. So, in the case of the red tape, it absorbs all colors of light except for red, which it reflects back, allowing the tape to emit a red light when placed over a broken taillight.

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a. The half-life of radon-222 is 3.82 days. b. It will take approximately 11.46 days for the sample to decay to 20% of its original amount.

(a) To find the half-life of radon-222, we can use the formula:

[tex]N = N0 * (1/2)^{(t/T)}[/tex]

where:

[tex]N = amount\ remaining\ after\ time\ t\\N0 = initial\ amount\\T = half\ -life[/tex]

We know that after 3 days, the amount remaining is 58% of the original amount, so N/N0 = 0.58 and t = 3 days. Substituting these values:

[tex]0.58 = (1/2)^(3/T)[/tex]

Taking the natural logarithm of both sides:

[tex]ln(0.58) = ln(1/2)^{(3/T)} \\ln(0.58) = -(3/T) * ln(2)\\T = -(3/ln(2)) * ln(0.58)\\T = 3.82 days[/tex]

(b) To find how long it will take the sample to decay to 20% of its original amount: [tex]N = N0 * (1/2)^{(t/T)}[/tex]

We want to find the time t for which N/N0 = 0.20. Substituting this value and T = 3.82 days into the formula gives:

[tex]0.20 = (1/2)^{(t/3.82)}[/tex]

Taking the natural logarithm of both sides:

[tex]ln(0.20) = (t/3.82) * ln(1/2) \\t = -(3.82/ln(1/2)) * ln(0.20)[/tex]

[tex]t = 11.46 days[/tex]

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The number of servings of cereal needed to consume 0.0350 moles of sugar is approximately 0.834 servings.

1. Calculate the molar mass of sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁): (12x12) + (1x22) + (16x11) = 144 + 22 + 176 = 342 g/mol.

2. Convert grams of sugar per serving to moles: 11.0 g/serving * (1 mol/342 g) ≈ 0.0322 moles/serving.

3. Divide the desired moles of sugar by moles/serving: 0.0350 moles / 0.0322 moles/serving ≈ 0.834 servings.

So, to consume 0.0350 moles of sugar, you need to eat approximately 0.834 servings of this cereal.

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When conducting chemical reactions, it is important to determine how efficient the reaction was. The percent yield is a measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction.

It is calculated by comparing the actual yield obtained from the experiment to the theoretical yield that would be obtained if the reaction went to completion. The percent yield is expressed as a percentage.

To calculate the percent yield, the first step is to determine the theoretical yield of the reaction. The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be obtained from the reactants. This can be calculated using stoichiometry and the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

Once the theoretical yield has been calculated, the next step is to determine the actual yield obtained from the experiment. This is the amount of product that is actually obtained from the reaction. The actual yield can be measured experimentally or estimated using calculations.

Finally, the percent yield is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100. This calculation shows the percentage of the theoretical yield that was obtained in the experiment.

For example, if the theoretical yield is 10 grams and the actual yield obtained is 8 grams, the percent yield would be calculated as:

Percent yield = (8/10) x 100 = 80%

In this case, the experiment yielded 80% of the maximum amount of product that could have been obtained if the reaction went to completion.

Overall, the percent yield is an important measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction. By comparing the actual yield to the theoretical yield, chemists can determine the effectiveness of their experimental techniques and make improvements for future experiments.

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The correct answer is option e. 3.075 m/s. Speed is a scalar quantity, which means it has only magnitude and no direction.

What is Speed?

Speed is a measure of how quickly something moves from one place to another. It is the rate at which an object covers distance over time, and is usually expressed in units of meters per second (m/s) or kilometers per hour (km/h).

Since the temperature and pressure are the same for both oxygen and hydrogen gas, the only difference between the two is their molar mass. The molar mass of oxygen is 32 g/mol, and the molar mass of hydrogen is 2 g/mol. Therefore, we can calculate the RMS speed of hydrogen as:

u = √(3RT/M) = √(3RT/2)

The RMS speed of oxygen is given as 12.3 m/s. To find the RMS speed of hydrogen, we need to calculate the ratio of their speeds:

u(H2)/u(O2) = √(M(O2)/M(H2)) = √(32/2) = √16 = 4

Therefore, the RMS speed of hydrogen is:

u(H2) = u(O2)/4 = 12.3/4 = 3.075 m/s

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We need 4.68 g of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) to prepare 0.250 L of a 0.35 M solution.

To determine the mass of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) required to prepare a 0.250 L (liters) of a 0.35 M (molar) solution, follow these steps:
1. Recall the formula for molarity: M = moles of solute / volume of solution in liters.
2. Rearrange the formula to solve for moles of solute: moles of solute = M x volume of solution in liters.
3. Calculate the moles of NH₄Cl needed: moles of NH₄Cl = 0.35 M x 0.250 L = 0.0875 moles.
4. Determine the molar mass of NH₄Cl by adding the molar masses of its constituent elements: (N = 14.01 g/mol, H = 1.01 g/mol, Cl = 35.45 g/mol): 14.01 + (4 x 1.01) + 35.45 = 53.49 g/mol.
5. Calculate the mass of NH₄Cl required: mass = moles x molar mass = 0.0875 moles x 53.49 g/mol = 4.680125 g.

So, you need 4.68 g of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) to prepare 0.250 L of a 0.35 M solution.

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The mass of solute in a 500mL solution of 0.200 M Sodium Phosphate is approximately 16.394 grams.

To find the mass of solute in a 500mL solution of 0.200 M Sodium Phosphate, we can follow these steps:

1. Identify the molar concentration (M) of the solution, which is given as 0.200 M.
2. Convert the volume of the solution from mL to L: 500mL = 0.500L.
3. Calculate the moles of solute (Sodium Phosphate) using the formula: moles = Molarity × Volume. So, moles = 0.200 M × 0.500 L = 0.100 moles.
4. Find the molar mass of Sodium Phosphate (Na3PO4). The molar mass of Na is 22.99 g/mol, P is 30.97 g/mol, and O is 16.00 g/mol. Therefore, the molar mass of Na3PO4 is (3 × 22.99) + 30.97 + (4 × 16.00) = 163.94 g/mol.
5. Finally, calculate the mass of solute using the formula: mass = moles × molar mass. So, mass = 0.100 moles × 163.94 g/mol = 16.394 g.

In summary, the mass of solute in a 500mL solution of 0.200 M Sodium Phosphate is approximately 16.394 grams.

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Benign and malignant are terms used to describe different types of tumors.

A benign tumor is a mass of cells that grows slowly and does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. It is typically encapsulated, meaning it is surrounded by a membrane that separates it from surrounding tissues.

While it is still considered abnormal, it is usually not life-threatening and can often be removed with surgery. Benign tumors do not metastasize or spread to other parts of the body.

On the other hand, a malignant tumor is cancerous and has the ability to spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Malignant tumors grow rapidly and invade nearby tissue, which can cause damage to organs and structures in the body.

These tumors can also interfere with the normal functioning of organs, leading to serious health problems. Malignant tumors are usually treated with a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

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Answer: Reduction

Explanation: When an atom or ion experiences a decrease in its oxidation state, it gains electrons.

To determine whether a powdered cement is an acid or an alkali, you can perform a simple pH test using litmus paper or a pH meter.

Acids have a pH value below 7, whereas alkalis have a pH value above 7.

To conduct a pH test using litmus paper, moisten the paper with water, then sprinkle a small amount of the powdered cement onto the paper. The paper will change color based on the pH of the cement. If the paper turns red, the cement is acidic. If it turns blue, the cement is alkaline.

Alternatively, you can use a pH meter to measure the pH of a solution made by mixing a small amount of the powdered cement with water. If the pH is less than 7, the cement is acidic, and if it is greater than 7, the cement is alkaline.

It is important to note that most types of cement are typically slightly alkaline, with a pH value between 8 and 9.5, due to the presence of calcium oxide and other alkali metal oxides in the cement.

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The equilibrium concentrations for [OH-], hydroxylamine [HONH2], and the hydroxylammonium ion [CH3NH3+] in a 0. 025 M solution of hydroxylamine is 8.34 x 10^-5 M, 0.0249 M,  and 8.34 x 10^-5 M.

To calculate the equilibrium concentrations for [OH-], hydroxylamine [HONH2], and the hydroxylammonium ion [CH3NH3+] in a 0.025 M solution of hydroxylamine, we first need to write out the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

HONH2 + H2O ⇌ HONH3+ + OH-

Next, we can set up an ICE table to help us solve for the equilibrium concentrations:

Initial:    HONH2 = 0.025 M    H2O = 0 M    HONH3+ = 0 M    OH- = 0 M
Change:   -x                +x           +x           +x
Equilibrium:  0.025 - x      x            x            x

We can then use the Kb expression for hydroxylamine to solve for x, which represents the concentration of OH-:

Kb = [HONH3+][OH-] / [HONH2]

1.1 x 10^-8 = x^2 / (0.025 - x)

Solving for x using the quadratic formula, we get:

x = 8.34 x 10^-5 M

Therefore, the equilibrium concentrations are:

[OH-] = 8.34 x 10^-5 M
[HONH2] = 0.025 - x = 0.025 - 8.34 x 10^-5 = 0.0249 M
[HONH3+] = x = 8.34 x 10^-5 M
[CH3NH3+] = 0 M (since it is not involved in the reaction)

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3KOH(aq) +H₃PO₄(aq) → K₃PO₄(aq) +3H₂O (l)  ; A.) KOH should have a coefficient of 1.

To balance the equation, KOH should have a coefficient of 1.

Here, there is 1 potassium (K) atom, 1 phosphorus (P) atom, and 4 oxygen (O) atoms on each side of the equation.

To balance the equation, start by placing coefficient of 3 in front of KOH and coefficient of 1 in front of H₃PO₄ ;

This balances number of potassium and phosphorus atoms, but there are now 9 oxygen atoms on left side and 6 on right side. To balance the oxygen atoms, add coefficient of 3 in front of H2O.

Now the equation is balanced, and coefficients are:

3KOH(aq)+ 1H3PO4 (aq) → 1K3PO4 (aq) +3H2O (l)

Therefore, only A. KOH should have a coefficient of 1.

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The volume of the 3.5 m solution containing 9.82 g of Pb(NO3)4 is about 4.103 mL.

To calculate the volume of the solution, we need to use the formula for molality:

Molality (m) = moles of solute / kg of solvent

First, we need to find the moles of Pb(NO3)4 in 9.82 g. The molar mass of Pb(NO3)4 is approximately 683.56 g/mol.

Moles of Pb(NO3)4 = 9.82 g / 683.56 g/mol ≈ 0.01436 mol

Now, we can use the given molality (3.5 m) to find the mass of the solvent:

0.01436 mol = 3.5 m * kg of solvent
kg of solvent = 0.01436 mol / 3.5 m ≈ 0.004103 kg

Since the solvent is water, we can assume that 1 kg of water is equal to 1 L. Therefore, the volume of the solution is:

0.004103 kg * 1000 mL/kg ≈ 4.103 mL

So, the volume of the 3.5 m solution containing 9.82 g of Pb(NO3)4 is approximately 4.103 mL.

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The type of bonds that form within a sample of sodium metal, chlorine gas, and sodium chloride crystals are metallic bonds, covalent bonds, and ionic bonds. The electron structure of each substance affects the properties of compounds that it forms in the following ways:

Sodium metal forms metallic bonds, which involve the delocalization of electrons among a lattice of positively charged metal ions. In sodium metal, each atom donates one electron to the shared electron "sea." This electron structure allows metals to conduct electricity and heat, and exhibit malleability and ductility.

Chlorine gas forms covalent bonds, which involve the sharing of electrons between two non-metal atoms. In this case, two chlorine atoms share a pair of electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. The electron structure of covalent bonds results in compounds with relatively low melting and boiling points, and poor conductivity of electricity and heat.

Sodium chloride crystals form ionic bonds, which involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. In sodium chloride, sodium loses an electron to chlorine, creating Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions. The electron structure in ionic compounds leads to high melting and boiling points, and good conductivity when dissolved in water or molten.

These different types of bonds and electron structures significantly influence the properties of the compounds formed.

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The concentration of acetic acid is 0.246 M, option A is correct.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

2HC₂H₃O₂ + Ba(OH)₂ → Ba(C₂H₃O₂)₂ + 2H₂O

According to the equation, one mole of barium hydroxide and two moles of acetic acid react.

The number of moles of Ba(OH)₂ used in the reaction is:

0.497 mol/L × 0.0126 L = 0.00628 mol

Since the reaction is a 1:2 ratio, the number of moles of acetic acid is:

0.00628 mol × 2 = 0.01256 mol

The volume of acetic acid used in the reaction is 51 mL or 0.051 L.

The concentration of acetic acid can be calculated as follows:

concentration = number of moles ÷ volume

concentration = 0.01256 mol ÷ 0.051 L

concentration = 0.246 M

Hence, option A is correct.

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The complete question is:

24. 51 mL of acetic acid, HC₂H₃O₂, of unknown concentration was titrated with the 12. 6 mL of 0. 497 M Ba(OH)₂ to reach the equivalence point. Determine the concentration of the acetic acid. 2HC₂H₃O₂ + Ba(OH)₂ → Ba(C₂H₃O₂)₂ + 2H₂O

A. 0.246 M

B. 0.836 M

C. 0.359 M

D. 0.511 M

E. 0.979 M

Conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct electricity, which is determined by the flow of charged particles. The correct answer is Option: 1.

The ability to conduct electricity does not depend on the size or shape of the material, but rather on its chemical composition and the mobility of its charged particles. On the other hand, width (Option 2), volume (Option 3), and mass (Option 4) are all size-dependent properties. Width and volume are directly proportional to the size of an object, while mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, which is also size-dependent. Hence option 1 is correct.

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--The complete Question is, Which property is size-independent?

1. conductivity

2. width

3. volume

4. mass​--

The standard molar entropy change for the combustion of methane gas is 9.9 J/(mol·K).

The balanced equation for the combustion of methane is:

[tex]CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)[/tex]

The standard molar entropy change can be calculated using the formula:

ΔS° = ΣS°(products) - ΣS°(reactants)

The standard molar entropy values for the species involved in the reaction are:

ΔS°(CH4) = 186.3 J/(mol·K)

ΔS°(O2) = 205.0 J/(mol·K)

ΔS°(CO2) = 213.6 J/(mol·K)

ΔS°(H2O(l)) = 69.9 J/(mol·K)

Using these values, we can calculate the standard molar entropy change:

ΔS° = [ΔS°(CO2) + ΔS°(2H2O(l))] - [ΔS°(CH4) + ΔS°(2O2(g))]

ΔS° = [(213.6 J/(mol·K)) + (2 × 69.9 J/(mol·K))] - [(186.3 J/(mol·K)) + (2 × 205.0 J/(mol·K))]

ΔS° = 9.9 J/(mol·K)

Therefore, the standard molar entropy change for the combustion of methane gas is 9.9 J/(mol·K).

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The volume/concentration of the above questions are as follows:

The amount of volume or concentration of a substance can be calculated using the following expression;

CaVa = CbVb

Where;

1. 10 × 250 = 0.5 × Vb

2500 = 0.5Vb

Vb = 5000mL

2. 0.400 × 15 = 2 × Cb

6 = 2Cb

Cb = 3M

3. 50 × 20 = 1000 × Cb

1000 = 1000Cb

Cb = 1M

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The molar concentration of the solution is 0.25 M.

The molar concentration of a solution, also known as molarity, is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

In this case, the amount of Ca(OH)2 dissolved is 0.55 mol and the volume of water used is 2.20 L. Therefore, the molar concentration can be calculated using the formula:

Hence, the molar concentration of the solution is 0.25 M.

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Magnesium chloride and silver nitrate react in aqueous solution when they come into contact with each other. In other words, they need to be dissolved in water for the reaction to occur. This is because both compounds are ionic and require a medium for their ions to interact and exchange. Therefore, the condition for the reaction between magnesium chloride and silver nitrate is an aqueous solution.

Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) react in an aqueous solution. The condition required for the reaction to occur is that both substances are dissolved in water. When this condition is met, a double displacement reaction takes place, leading to the formation of silver chloride (AgCl) precipitate and magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO₃)₂) in the solution. The reaction can be represented by the following balanced equation:

MgCl₂ (aq) + 2AgNO₃ (aq) → 2AgCl (s) + Mg(NO₃)₂ (aq)

1. Dissolve magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) in water to create aqueous solutions.
2. Mix the two aqueous solutions together.
3. Observe the formation of silver chloride (AgCl) precipitate and magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO₃)₂) in solution as a result of the double displacement reaction.

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4666.7 m of sulphur dioxide are formed when 12.5g of iron sulphide ore (pyrite) reacts with oxygen according to the equation at stp.

According to given data,   12.5 g of iron sulphide ore (Pyrite ) reacts with oxygen according to the equation at STP.

We have to find the volume of sulphur dioxide

Mass of iron sulphide = 12.5 g

molar mass of iron sulphide = 120 g/mol

so number of moles of iron sulphide = 12.5/120 = 0.104167 mol

chemical equation of reaction of iron sulphide with oxygen is given as

4FeS₂ + 11O₂ ⇒2Fe₂O₃ + 8SO₂

here  4 mol of FeS₂ gives 8 mole of sulphur dioxide.

⇒1 mol of FeS₂ = 8/4 mol = 2 mol of sulphur dioxide.

⇒0.104167 of FeS₂ = 2 × 0.104167 = 0.208334 mol of Sulphur dioxide.

at STP 1 mol = 22.4 L

so the mass of sulphur dioxide

= 0.208334 × 22.4 L

= 4.6666816 L

= 4666.6816 ml

≈ 4666.7 ml

Therefore the volume of sulphur dioxide is 4666.7 ml.

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Atomic mass unit (amu) is used to describe atomic mass, with the symbols "u" or "Da" used to represent it. Carbon-12 was used as the reference element to define the atomic mass unit. A spectrometer can be used to determine the elements found in an unknown substance.

Both 1.0 mol of calcium (Ca) and 1.0 mol of magnesium (Mg) contain the same number of atoms (Avogadro's number, 6.022 x 10²³ atoms), but they differ in mass and chemical properties.

In order to compare 1.0 mol Ca and 1.0 mol Mg, we must first understand the concept of a mole. A mole is a unit of measurement that represents 6.022 x 10²³ particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.). This number, known as Avogadro's number, allows us to compare amounts of different substances.

Although 1.0 mol Ca and 1.0 mol Mg both contain the same number of atoms, their masses are different. The molar mass of Ca is 40.08 g/mol, while the molar mass of Mg is 24.31 g/mol.

Therefore, 1.0 mol Ca has a mass of 40.08 g, and 1.0 mol Mg has a mass of 24.31 g. Additionally, Ca and Mg are both alkaline earth metals but possess different chemical properties, such as reactivity and electron configurations.

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The final pressure of the gas is approximately 545.4 mmHg when the temperature is raised from 15 °C to 35 °C.

Combined gas law states that "the ratio of the product of volume and pressure and the absolute temperature of a gas is equal to a constant.

It is expressed as;

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

Given that:

Subtsitute our given values into the expression above.

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

P₁V₁T₂ = P₂V₂T₁

P₂ = ( P₁V₁T₂ ) / ( V₂T₁ )

P₂ = ( 850 mmHg × 1.5L × 308.15K ) / ( 2.5L × 288.15K )

P₂ = 545.4 mmHg

Therefore, the final pressure is 545.4 mmHg.

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a. The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction is:

K = [I2(org)] / [I-(aq)]^2

Substituting the given values:

K = (0.00077 M) / (0.0716 M)^2

K ≈ 0.0015

b. To calculate the percent error, we need to compare the non-corrected equilibrium constant (at 307.25 K) with the corrected equilibrium constant (at 298.15 K). Using the Van 't Hoff equation, we can relate the two equilibrium constants:

ln(K2/K1) = -ΔH°/R [(1/T2) - (1/T1)]

where K1 is the equilibrium constant at temperature T1, K2 is the equilibrium constant at temperature T2, ΔH° is the standard enthalpy change for the reaction, R is the gas constant, and ln denotes the natural logarithm.

Assuming that ΔH° is approximately constant over the temperature range, we can use the experimentally determined partition coefficient at 301.56 K to estimate the enthalpy change:

ln(K2/K1) = -ΔH°/R [(1/T2) - (1/T1)]

ln(0.046/0.0015) = -ΔH°/R [(1/298.15 K) - (1/301.56 K)]

ΔH° ≈ -118 kJ/mol

Using this value of ΔH°, we can calculate the corrected equilibrium constant at 298.15 K:

ln(K2/K1) = -ΔH°/R [(1/T2) - (1/T1)]

ln(K2/0.0015) = (-118000 J/mol) / (8.314 J/mol*K) [(1/298.15 K) - (1/307.25 K)]

K2 ≈ 0.00058

The percent error is:

% Error = |(K2 - K1)/K2| x 100%

% Error = |(0.00058 - 0.0015)/0.00058| x 100%

% Error ≈ 61.5%

Therefore, using the non-corrected equilibrium constant leads to an error of approximately 61.5%.

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Among the halogens, [tex]I2[/tex] has the lowest boiling point.

The boiling point of a substance is influenced by the strength of its intermolecular forces, which are the forces that hold molecules together. The halogens belong to the same group in the periodic table and have similar electronic configurations.

The boiling point increases with increasing molecular weight because the intermolecular forces increase with the size of the molecules.

The strength of the intermolecular forces depends on the type of attractive forces between the molecules. Among the halogens, the strength of the intermolecular forces increases with increasing polarity of the molecule.

Fluorine is the most electronegative of the halogens and has the smallest atomic size. Due to its high electronegativity, it has the strongest dipole-dipole interaction between its molecules, leading to the highest boiling point among the halogens.

On the other hand, iodine has the weakest intermolecular forces, leading to the lowest boiling point among the halogens. Therefore, among the halogens, I2 has the lowest boiling point.

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295 g of carbon dioxide will be produced.

The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propane is:

[tex]C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O[/tex]

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of propane produces 3 moles of carbon dioxide. We can use the ideal gas law to determine the number of moles of propane present in 2.55 L at 30°C and 67.2 kPa:

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT

n = (67.2 kPa)(2.55 L)/(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(303 K)

n = 2.24 mol

Therefore, the amount of carbon dioxide produced will be:

3 mol [tex]CO2[/tex]/mol [tex]C3H8[/tex] × 2.24 mol [tex]C3H8[/tex] = 6.72 mol [tex]CO2[/tex]

Finally, we can use the molar mass of carbon dioxide to convert moles to mass:

6.72 mol [tex]CO2[/tex] × 44.01 g/mol [tex]CO2[/tex] = 295 g [tex]CO2[/tex]

Therefore, 295 g of carbon dioxide will be produced.

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