10. Although lidocaine is marketed as its hydrochloride salt, it doesn’t exhibit the same level of physiological activity as the free amine. The free amine is more lipophilic and diffuses across a neuron cell membrane more rapidly than the ionic salt, resulting in a more rapid onset of anesthesia. Therefore, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is added to a solution of lidocaine prior to injection. How does the addition of sodium bicarbonate promote a faster anesthetic effect?

Answer:

A pathway by which counterions can flow between the half-cells without the solutions in the half-cell totally mixing.

Explanation:

In a voltaic cell, oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction occurs at the cathode.

Hence, there is a build up of positive ions at the anode and a build up of negative ions at the cathode. This tends to disrupt the electrical neutrality of the half cells.

Hence, there is a need for negative ions in the salt bridge to flow towards the anode and positive ions in the salt bridge to flow towards the cathode in order to maintain the electrical neutrality of the cells.

Hence, a salt bridge provides a pathway by which counterions can flow between the half-cells without the solutions in the half-cell totally mixing.

Answer: The correct option is option B (the concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values).

Explanation:

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM is defined as a state which is attained in a chemical system where by forward reaction occurs at the same rate with the backward reaction leading to CONSTANT CONCENTRATIONS of the reactants and the products. Chemical equilibrium is achievable in a closed Chemical system so that none of the reactants or products would escape be they gaseous or otherwise.

Chemical equilibrium occurs in a type of reaction called reversible reactions. Reversible reactions is one that can go in either direction depending on the condition of the system. In other words, reactants form products and under favourable conditions products react together to reform the reactants. For example,

3Fe(s) + 4H2O(l) <-------> Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)

As the above reversible reaction proceeds, a time is reached when the rate of forward reaction { which is the formation of Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)} is equal to the rate of the backward reaction {which is the formation of 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(l)}. At this point, concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values.

When a chemical system is at equilibrium then the concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values.

Chemical equilibrium is a state occur in any reversible reaction, where the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction and it is represent as:

A + B ⇄ C + D, where

A & B are reactants, and C & D are products.

As the rates are equal in equilibrium state, so the concentration of reactant and product also have constant value as there is no change in the rate.

Hence, option (B) is correct i.e. concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values.

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Answer:

oceans

Explanation:

Answer:

D. Ocean

Explanation:

oceans are the majority water on earth's surface located. They hold 97% of earths water.

Answer:

Chemical energy

Explanation:

By the use of electrons and protons from water

Answer:

chemical energy

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is the process by which organisms that contain the pigment chlorophyll convert light energy into chemical energy which can be stored in the molecular bonds of organic molecules (e.g., sugars). Photosynthesis powers almost all trophic chains and food webs on the Earth.

Answer:

Calcium oxide: CaO

Copper (II) nitrate: Cu(NO₃)₂

Ammonium chloride: NH₄Cl

Magnesium sulfate: MgSO₄

Copper (I) oxide: Cu₂O

Calcium chloride: CaCl₂

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according the IUPAC rules for naming this inorganic salts, whereas calcium, copper (II), ammonium, magnesium and copper (I) are the cations and oxide, nitrate, chloride and sulfate are the anions, we proceed as follows:

Calcium oxide: CaO

Copper (II) nitrate: Cu(NO₃)₂

Ammonium chloride: NH₄Cl

Magnesium sulfate: MgSO₄

Copper (I) oxide: Cu₂O

Calcium chloride: CaCl₂

Best regards!

Answer:

the answer is 4

Explanation:

your welcome lol

Answer:

i hope i can help you with this

Answer: focus in class

Explanation:

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Answer:

There are 1.8021⋅1024 molecules of CH4 in 48 grams of CH4 .

Explanation:

hope it helps you

follow me for more

I'm willing to help

Answer:

zygote

Explanation:

I got this online

Answer:

=> In human fertilization, a released ovum (a haploid secondary oocyte with replicate chromosome copies) and a haploid sperm cell (male gamete)—combine to form a single 2n diploid cell called the zygote.

ʰᵒᵖᵉ ⁱᵗ ʰᵉˡᵖˢ

[tex] \infty \infty [/tex]

Answer:

179g

Explanation:

Molar ratio for Copper : Lithium is

1:2

If there are 89.5g of copper

Grams for Lithium= 89.5 × 2 = 179g of Lithium

The amount of lithium are formed from the reaction if you begin with 89.5 grams of copper is 19.6 grams.

Mass can be converted into moles by using the below equation as:

n = W/M, where

W = given mass

M = molar mass

Moles of 89.5g of copper = 89.5g / 63.5g/mol = 1.4 mol

Given chemical reaction is:

Cu + Li₂S → 2Li + CuS

From the stoichiometry of the reaction, it is clear that

1.4 mole of Cu = produces 1.4 mole of CuS

1.4 mole of CuS = produced by 1.4 mole of Li₂S

1.4 mole of Li₂S = produces 2×1.4=2.8 moles of Li

Mass of 2.8 moles of Li = (2.8mol)(7g/mol) = 19.6g

Hence resultant mass of lithium is 19.6g.

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Answer: I believe the answer is A, heat moves from warmer objects to cooler objects. I know for sure it isn’t C or D though so A

The heat is transferred from one object to another as heat moves from warmer objects to cooler objects. The correct option is A.

There are three ways to transfer heat. They are conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat travels from one body to another body. If the temperature of two objects is different, then the heat travels from higher temperature to lower temperature.

Conduction is the transfer of energy when two objects ate in contact with each other. Convection is a transfer between object and environment. Radiation is when transferred by emission of electromagnetic radiation.

Thus, the correct option is A. Heat moves from warmer objects to cooler objects.

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Answer:

0.0039 mol/L

The molar solubility is 0.0039 mol/L, thus the common ion effect has reduced the solubility from 0.016 mol/L for Ag2SO4 in pure water to 0.0039 mol/L in the Na2SO4 solution.

Explanation:

The reactions are a bit poorly written. While it's true that aqueous H₂CO₃ is produced in this neutralization reaction, the H₂CO₃ rapidly decomposes to yield CO₂(g) and H₂O(l). Writing the product as H₂CO₃(aq) in the net ionic equation is unnecessarily confusing since it portrays the substance as nonionizing yet water-soluble.

In any case, the Na⁺ and the Cl⁻ are the spectator ions here.  

Answer:

Most common oxidation states: +2, +3

M.P. 1535º

B.P. 2750º

Density 7.87 g/cm3

Characteristics: Iron is a gray, moderately active metal.

Characteristic reactions of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺

The [Fe(H2O)6]3+ ion is colorless (or pale pink), but many solutions containing this ion are yellow or amber-colored because of hydrolysis. Iron in both oxidation states forms many complex ions.

Aqueous Ammonia

Aqueous ammonia reacts with Fe(II) ions to produce white gelatinous Fe(OH)2, which oxidizes to form red-brown Fe(OH)3:

Fe2+(aq)+2NH3(aq)+3H2O(l)↽−−⇀Fe(OH)2(s)+2NH+4(aq)(1)

Fe3appt.gif

Aqueous ammonia reacts with Fe(III) ions to produce red-brown Fe(OH)3:

Fe3+(aq)+3NH3(aq)+3H2O(l)↽−−⇀Fe(OH)3(s)+3NH+4(aq)(2)

Fe3bppt.gif

Both precipitates are insoluble in excess aqueous ammonia. Iron(II) hydroxide quickly oxidizes to Fe(OH)3 in the presence of air or other oxidizing agents.

Sodium Hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide also produces Fe(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3 from the corresponding oxidation states of iron in aqueous solution.

Fe2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)↽−−⇀Fe(OH)2(s)(3)

Fe4appt.gif

Fe3+(aq)+3OH−(aq)↽−−⇀Fe(OH)3(s)(4)

Fe4bppt.gif

Neither hydroxide precipitate dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide.

Potassium Ferrocyanide

Potassium ferrocyanide will react with Fe3+ solution to produce a dark blue precipitate called Prussian blue:

K+(aq)+Fe3+(aq)+[Fe(CN)6]4−(aq)↽−−⇀KFe[Fe(CN)6](s)(5)

Fe5a1ppt.gif

With Fe2+ solution, a white precipitate will be formed that will be converted to blue due to the oxidation by oxygen in air:

2Fe2+(aq)+[Fe(CN)6]4−(aq)↽−−⇀Fe2[Fe(CN)6](s)(6)

Fe5a2ppt.gif

Many metal ions form ferrocyanide precipitates, so potassium ferrocyanide is not a good reagent for separating metal ions. It is used more commonly as a confirmatory test.

Potassium Ferricyanide

Potassium ferricyanide will give a brown coloration but no precipitate with Fe3+. With Fe2+, a dark blue precipitate is formed. Although this precipitate is known as Turnbull's blue, it is identical with Prussian blue (from Equation 5).

K+(aq)+Fe+2(aq)+[Fe(CN)6]3−(aq)↽−−⇀KFe[Fe(CN)6](s)(7)

Fe5b.gif

Potassium Thiocyanate

KSCN will give a deep red coloration to solutions containing Fe3+:

Fe+3(aq)+NCS−(aq)↽−−⇀[FeNCS]+2(aq)(8)

Fe5cppt.gif

No Reaction

Cl−, SO2−4

Answer:

Explanation:

5.6

According to the stoichiometry of the given chemical equation, 11.2 grams  of nitrogen is required to react with 16 grams of oxygen.

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .

The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.

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Answer:

I don’t mnow

Explanation:

Answer:

pH= 4; pOH= 10

Explanation:

HCl is a strong acid and therefore dissociates completely in a solution of water via HCl + H2O --> Cl- + H3O+.

Because it is a strong acid, [HCl] = [H3O+].

[HCl]= [H3O+]= (0.005 mol)/(50L)= 1.0 x 10^-4

pH= -log[H3O+]

pH= -log(1.0 x 10^-4)= 4

pH + pOH = 14

4 + pOH = 14

pOH= 10

Answer: chlorophyll

Explanation: Photosynthetic cells contain chlorophyll and other light-sensitive pigments that capture solar energy.

Answer:

48 newtons

Explanation:

f=m*a

Answer:

Heat absorbed = mS△T

51 = ( 8.2/1000)Kg ×S (11.5)

51×1000= 8.2 (11.5)S

S = 51000/94.3

S = 540.8 J/kg K

Answer and Explanation:

The empty spaces should be completed step-by-step as follows:

First line:

Element symbol: La (it is the corresponding element for the atomic number 57)

Mass number = Atomic number + Neutrons = 57 + 82 = 139

Nuclear symbol: ¹³⁹₅₇ La because the atomic number is 57 and mass number is 139.

Protons: 57 (is equal to the atomic number for a neutral atom)

Electrons in neutral atom = Atomic number = 57

Second line:

Element symbol: La (it is the corresponding element for the atomic number 57 and mass number 138)

Atomic number: 57 (from the Periodic Table, for La)

Mass number = 138 (from the nuclear symbol)

Protons: 57 (is equal to the atomic number for a neutral atom)

Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 138 - 57 = 81

Electrons in neutral atom = Atomic number = 57

Third line:

Atomic number: 26 (from the Periodic Table, for the element Fe)

Protons: 26 (is equal to the atomic number for a neutral atom)

Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 59 - 26 = 33

Nuclear symbol: ⁵⁹₂₆ Fe because the atomic number is 26 and mass number is 26.

Answer:

Photosynthesis in plants converts solar energy into chemical energy using electrons and protons from water. in plants involves a series of steps and reactions that use solar energy, water, and carbon dioxide to produce organic compounds and oxygen.

Explanation:

Answer:

its is used to make sugar which plants eat think it goes through like glycose or something

Explanation:

Answer:

I'm pretty sure its D

Explanation:

It says the best that explains. D states that when it has less energy that it the molecules will collide. And they would to make a liquid. So thats why its D.

Answer:

Exxplanation:

Answer:

Although it is possible to have more than one state, it is also possible to have only one state.

Explanation:

Answer:

1665

Explanation:

In 1665, Robert Hooke was the first to observe cork cells and their characteristic hexagonal shape, using the first optical microscope, which was invented by him at that time.

Answer:

thank u

Explanation:

Explanation:

use the conversation in the image

Answer:

im not sure go with the first

Explanation:

Answer:

The temperature increases in 40.9K

Explanation:

Based on the reaction, 4 moles of aniline in combustion releasing 12800kJ to the surroundings, in this case, to the calorimeter.

To solve this question we must find the heat that releases the sample of aniline finding the moles in the sample.

With the heat released we can find the increase in Kelvin due the combustion as follows:

Moles aniline:

11.9g * (1mol / 93g) = 0.128 moles aniline

Heat released:

0.128 moles Aniline * (12800kJ / 4 moles Aniline) = 409kJ are released

Increasing in temperature:

For each 10.0kJ, the calorimeter increases its temperature in 1K. For 409kJ:

409kJ * (1K / 10.0kJ) =