1. The least amount of money that XYZ Inc. must put up to satisfy the sinking fund provision is $2,305,719.32.
2. The discount margin of the bond is 0.65%.
3. The total return for the bond is $3,831.18.
1. To satisfy the sinking fund provision, XYZ Inc. must put up the least amount of money to redeem 10% of the original face value each year. Since the nominal yield to maturity on the bonds is currently 8.25%, the company can either call bonds at par for sinking fund purposes or purchase bonds on the open market at a lower price. The least amount of money that XYZ Inc. must put up is the lower of the two options.
If the company calls bonds at par, it will need to put up $500,000 each year.
If the company purchases bonds on the open market, it will need to spend less than $500,000 each year. The price of the bonds on the open market is determined by the nominal yield to maturity of 8.25%. Using the bond pricing formula, the price of the bonds on the open market is:
P = C/(1+r/2)^(2n) + F/(1+r/2)^(2n)
Where P is the price of the bond, C is the coupon payment, r is the nominal yield to maturity, n is the number of years until maturity, and F is the face value of the bond.
Plugging in the values for XYZ Inc.'s bonds:
P = ($5,000,000 * 0.075)/2 / (1 + 0.0825/2)^(2*5) + $5,000,000 / (1 + 0.0825/2)^(2*5)
P = $2,305,719.32
2. The discount margin of a floating rate bond is the difference between the bond's coupon rate and the reference rate. The coupon rate for the bond is determined by the formula:
Coupon rate = reference rate + 65bps
Plugging in the current reference rate of 9%:
Coupon rate = 9% + 65bps = 9.65%
The discount margin is the difference between the coupon rate and the reference rate:
Discount margin = 9.65% - 9% = 0.65%
3. To calculate the total return for the bond, we need to calculate the future value of the bond at the end of the investment horizon. The future value of the bond is the sum of the future value of the coupon payments and the future value of the bond's principal.
The future value of the coupon payments is calculated using the formula:
FV = C * [(1+r)^n - 1] / r
Where FV is the future value, C is the coupon payment, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
Plugging in the values for the bond:
FV = ($1,000 * 0.09)/2 * [(1 + 0.094/2)^(2*5) - 1] / (0.094/2)
FV = $2,597.96
The future value of the bond's principal is calculated using the formula:
FV = P * (1+r)^n
Where FV is the future value, P is the principal, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
Plugging in the values for the bond:
FV = $1,000 * (1 + 0.112/2)^(2*2)
FV = $1,233.22
The total return for the bond is the sum of the future value of the coupon payments and the future value of the bond's principal:
Total return = $2,597.96 + $1,233.22 = $3,831.18
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Question 17 3 pts What is the coupon rate for a bond with 6 years until maturity, a price of $984.32, and a yield to maturity of 7%? Interest is paid semi-annually. Enter your answer as a number with 4 decimals.
The Annual coupon rate of the coupon rate for a bond with 6 years until maturity, is $47.3455 .
The coupon rate for a bond can be calculated using the following formula:
Coupon rate = (Annual coupon payment / Par value) * 100
In this case, we are given the price of the bond ($984.32), the yield to maturity (7%), and the number of years until maturity (6). However, we are not given the annual coupon payment or the par value. Therefore, we cannot directly calculate the coupon rate using the formula.
Instead, we can use the following formula to calculate the annual coupon payment:
Annual coupon payment = (Price * Yield to maturity) / (1 + (Yield to maturity / 2))^(2 * Years until maturity)
Plugging in the given values, we get:
Annual coupon payment = ($984.32 * 0.07) / (1 + (0.07 / 2))^(2 * 6)
Annual coupon payment = $69.9024 / 1.476173
Annual coupon payment = $47.3455
Now, we can use this value to calculate the coupon rate:
Coupon rate = ($47.3455 / Par value) * 100
Unfortunately, we are still missing the par value. Without this information, we cannot calculate the coupon rate. Therefore, the answer to this question is "cannot be determined."
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One of Lex Company's investment center has a residual income of P55000 at a required return of 15%. An investment opportunity equal to 15% of the current value of assets would increase the residual income to P85000. The ROI after the additional investment is 17%. Required:a. The amount of additional investmentb. Net income of the investment center before the additional investmentc. ROI of the investment center before the additional investmentd. The total assets of the investment center after the additional investment(Round off peso values to TWO Decimal places and the PERCENTAGE amount in four decimal places, include the "%" sign in your answer. input amounts like this: 100,000.00 for peso amounts, and 21.34% for percentage answers) - 21.34% is already four decimal places (0.2134 when converted to decimal)
a. The amount of additional investment is P200,000.00. b. Net income of the investment center before the additional investment is P55,000 + 0.15 × Investment. c. ROI of the investment center before the additional investment is (0.15 × Investment + P366,666.67) / Investment. d. The total assets of the investment center after the additional investment is P18,533,333.50.
a. The amount of additional investment is calculated as:
Additional investment = Increase in residual income / Required return
Residual income after additional investment = P85,000
Residual income before additional investment = P55,000
Increase in residual income = P85,000 - P55,000 = P30,000
Required return = 15% = 0.15
Additional investment = P30,000 / 0.15 = P200,000.00
b. Net income of the investment center before the additional investment is calculated as:
Net income = Residual income + (Required return × Investment)
Residual income before additional investment = P55,000
Required return = 15% = 0.15
Net income = P55,000 + (0.15 × Investment)
Net income = P55,000 + 0.15 × Investment
c. ROI of the investment center before the additional investment is calculated:
ROI = Net income / Investment = (P55,000 + 0.15 × Investment) / Investment
ROI = 0.15 + (P55,000 / Investment)
ROI = 0.15 + (P55,000 / (Net income - P55,000) / 0.15)
ROI = 0.15 + (P55,000 / ((ROI × Investment) - P55,000) / 0.15)
ROI = 0.15 + (P55,000 / ((0.15 + (P55,000 / Investment)) × Investment - P55,000) / 0.15)
ROI = 0.15 + (P55,000 / (0.15 × Investment + P55,000 - P55,000) / 0.15)
ROI = 0.15 + (P55,000 / (0.15 × Investment) / 0.15)
ROI = 0.15 + (P55,000 / 0.15) / Investment
ROI = 0.15 + P366,666.67 / Investment
ROI = (0.15 × Investment + P366,666.67) / Investment
ROI = 0.15 + P366,666.67 / Investment
ROI = (0.15 × Investment + P366,666.67) / Investment
Investment = (0.15 × Investment + P366,666.67) / ROI
Investment × ROI = 0.15 × Investment + P366,666.67
Investment × ROI - 0.15 × Investment = P366,666.67
Investment × (ROI - 0.15) = P366,666.67
Investment = P366,666.67 / (ROI - 0.15)
d. The total assets of the investment center after the additional investment:
Total assets after additional investment = Investment + Additional investment = Investment + P200,000.00
Total assets after additional investment = P366,666.67 / (ROI - 0.15) + P200,000.00
Total assets after additional investment = P366,666.67 / (0.17 - 0.15) + P200,000.00
Total assets after additional investment = P366,666.67 / 0.02 + P200,000.00
Total assets after additional investment = P18,333,333.50 + P200,000.00
Total assets after additional investment = P18,533,333.50
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from You tube "The Secret History of the Credit Card (full documentary) | FRONTLINE"
1. Who are the stakeholders in the credit card industry? How does each stakeholder gain or lose in the story?
2. What responsibilities does the government uphold in the story? Has the government fulfilled the responsibilities, in your opinion?
3. Some argue that consumers are responsible for their spending habits with credit cards. Should credit card companies be blamed for their business tactics? Why or why not?
1. The stakeholders in the credit card industry are the credit card companies, banks, merchants, and consumers. Each stakeholder gains or loses in different ways. Credit card companies and banks gain from the interest and fees they charge consumers for using their credit cards.
Merchants gain from the convenience and increased sales that come with accepting credit cards, but they also lose money from the fees they have to pay to the credit card companies. Consumers gain from the convenience and rewards that come with using credit cards, but they also lose money from the interest and fees they have to pay if they don't pay off their balances in full each month.
2. The government's responsibilities in the story include regulating the credit card industry, protecting consumers from fraudulent and predatory practices, and ensuring that credit card companies are following the law. In my opinion, the government has not fulfilled these responsibilities completely, as there are still many instances of predatory practices and a lack of transparency in the credit card industry.
3. While consumers are responsible for their spending habits with credit cards, credit card companies should also be held accountable for their business tactics. Many credit card companies use deceptive and predatory practices, such as hidden fees and confusing terms, to take advantage of consumers.
In my opinion, credit card companies should be held responsible for these tactics and should be required to be more transparent and ethical in their business practices.
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A callable bond pays a 7.70% fixed coupon rate. Similar bonds are currently yielding 6.75%. The firm calls the bonds. What is the total loss of coupon interest over 4 years if you owned 25 callable bonds and you reinvested the proceeds at the current yield?
Round to the nearest whole dollar.
The total loss of coupon interest over 4 years is $950. Round to the nearest whole dollar, the total loss of coupon interest is $950.
To calculate the total loss of coupon interest, we need to compare the amount of interest earned on the callable bonds before they were called to the amount of interest earned on the reinvested proceeds at the current yield.
First, let's calculate the annual interest earned on the callable bonds before they were called:
- Annual interest per bond = $1,000 x 7.70% = $77
- Annual interest for 25 bonds = $77 x 25 = $1,925
Next, let's calculate the annual interest earned on the reinvested proceeds at the current yield:
- Annual interest per bond = $1,000 x 6.75% = $67.50
- Annual interest for 25 bonds = $67.50 x 25 = $1,687.50
Now, we can calculate the total loss of coupon interest over 4 years:
- Total loss of coupon interest = (Annual interest before callable bonds were called - Annual interest after reinvestment) x 4 years
- Total loss of coupon interest = ($1,925 - $1,687.50) x 4
- Total loss of coupon interest = $237.50 x 4
- Total loss of coupon interest = $950
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Elvin timely filed his 2020 tax return on march 1, 2021. He was entitled to a $300 refund, which he received a few weeks later. Melvin later determined that he had failed to claim a refundable education credit for which he was eligible. The credit would have given him an even larger refund for that year. The latest melvin can file an amended return to correct his originally filed 2020 return and claim the refundable credit is: march 1, 2023. The 2023 tax filing deadline (generally april 15). March 1, 2024. The 2024 tax filing deadline (generally april 15)
The latest Melvin can file an amended return to correct his originally filed 2020 return and claim the refundable credit is March 1, 2024.
What is amended ?Amended refers to the act of changing or revising a document, law, or agreement. This can be done in order to make corrections or add new information. Amendments can be used to modify or add to existing laws, regulations, or agreements. In the United States, amendments to the Constitution require approval from both the House of Representatives and the Senate as well as ratification of three-fourths of state legislatures. Amendments can also be made to contracts, wills, and other legal documents. The process of amendment usually involves submitting the proposed change in writing to the parties involved and having them agree to the change before the amendment is officially made. Amendments can be used to correct errors, clarify intent, or make updates.
This is because the amended return must be filed within 3 years of the original filing date, which in this case is March 1, 2021. Since March 1, 2021 falls within the 2020 tax filing year, the amended return must be filed by March 1, 2024, which is the 2024 tax filing deadline (generally April 15).
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why would the stock exchange insist that all companies abide by a strict code of rules and procedures??
To guarantee honest and open trading methods for all investors, the stock market requires that all businesses adhere to a stringent code of regulations and rules.
How does stock exchange market works?To guarantee honest and open trading methods for all investors, the stock market requires that all businesses adhere to a stringent code of regulations and rules. This supports market confidence and preserves the credibility of the stock market. Companies that adhere to these guidelines and practises give investors accurate and timely information, ensuring that all stakeholders have the same access to information. This aids in preventing market manipulation and other unethical actions that can endanger investors. Additionally, by regulating the behaviour of businesses and their leaders, these rules and processes serve to ensure that they behave in the most beneficial way for shareholders and the marketplace as a whole.
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business communication
Explain the process of the 8 stages during the
occurrence of a miscommunication between Shareholders or Directors
of a company that result in the closing of the company.
The 8 stages of miscommunication that can occur between Shareholders or Directors of a company and result in the closing of the company are as follows Assumption , Misinterpretation , Lack of clarification ,Reaction,Escalation, Blame , Breakdown , Closure.
1. Assumption: One party assumes that the other party understands their perspective or intention without explicitly stating it.
2. Misinterpretation: The other party interprets the message in a way that was not intended by the sender.
3. Lack of clarification: Neither party seeks clarification on the misinterpreted message, leading to further confusion.
4. Reaction: One or both parties react to the miscommunication, often with negative emotions such as anger or frustration.
5. Escalation: The miscommunication escalates into a larger conflict, with both parties becoming more entrenched in their positions.
6. Blame: Each party begins to blame the other for the miscommunication and resulting conflict.
7. Breakdown: Communication between the parties breaks down completely, with neither party willing to listen or compromise.
8. Closure: As a result of the breakdown in communication, the company is unable to function effectively and is forced to close.
By understanding and being aware of these stages, Shareholders and Directors can work to prevent miscommunication and the potential negative consequences that can result from it.
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What will be the remedial approach for the following issues in a company, based on Lewin's three stages of change? Explain
- Employers or supervisors neglected to conduct a routine check on their employees' working conditions (mental sanity and not just focus on productivity)
-Employees do not feel noticed and respected
-there are no training opportunities or employee involvement for professional progress
-and the salary is low.
The Lewin's three stages of change suggests an approach of Unfreezing, Moving and Refreezing.
1. Unfreezing: Recognizing the need for change and making employees aware of the problem. This could involve conducting surveys and interviews to get feedback on how employees feel about the current working conditions.
2. Moving: Making necessary changes. This could involve providing training opportunities, creating programs to make employees feel more noticed and respected, and increasing salaries.
3. Refreezing: Making sure the changes have been successful by conducting routine checks on employees' mental sanity and taking other measures to ensure that employees are happy in their jobs.
This is the remedial approach for the issues mentioned in the question, based on Lewin's three stages of change.
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1.How do you choose your topic?a. random choosingb. based on current issuesc. suits the eventd. suits the audience2. How do you greet your audience?a. according their level of cutenessb. according to their rank in an institutionc. according to their age
Choosing a topic for a presentation or speech can be done by suits the event. Therefore the correct option is Option c.
To greet your audience is according to their rank in an institution and according to their age. Therefore the correct option is option B and C.
1. Choosing a topic for a presentation or speech can be done in a variety of ways, including:
Random choosing: This method involves selecting a topic at random, either from a list or through a random generator. This can be a good way to challenge yourself to explore a new topic or to avoid bias in selecting a topic.Based on current issues: Selecting a topic based on current events or issues can be a great way to make your presentation relevant and engaging for your audience.Suits the event: If you are presenting at a specific event, such as a conference or meeting, it may be appropriate to select a topic that is related to the theme or purpose of the event.Suits the audience: Considering the interests and needs of your audience is important when selecting a topic. Choose a topic that will be interesting and relevant to your audience.2. When greeting your audience, it is important to be professional and respectful. This can be done by:
Addressing them according to their rank in an institution: If you are presenting to a group of people with specific titles or ranks, it may be appropriate to address them accordingly (e.g. "Good morning, Dr. Smith, Mr. Jones, and Ms. Williams").Addressing them according to their age: If your audience is composed of people of different ages, it may be appropriate to use a more formal greeting for older audience members and a more casual greeting for younger audience members.It is generally not appropriate to greet your audience based on their level of cuteness or physical appearance.
Therefore the correct option is option B and C.
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Assignment Question(s): (Marks 10) Q1. Examine with suitable examples, how"organization strategy provides a valuable contribution in achieving organization vision?" Give an example of a Saudi company and assess two examples of organizational strategies and operating plans. (2 Marks) Answer: Q2. X Ltd. manufactures plastic products and sells them for SAR 350 per unit. The firm's variable cost per unit is SAR 90, while its total fixed costs are SAR 110,000. The company expects to sell 1,800 units in the coming year. Calculate the following: (2 Marks) a) Degree of operating leverage b) Margin of safety in units c) Margin of safety in SAR value d) Margin of safety in percentage Answer: Q3. What is regression analysis and how does it help in estimating a cost function? Interpret your results with a numerical example. (2 Marks) Answer:
Organization strategy plays a crucial role in achieving an organization's vision by providing a roadmap for achieving the desired goals.
Q1. A well-defined strategy helps in aligning the company's resources and efforts in the right direction to achieve the vision. For example, a Saudi company, Saudi Aramco, has a vision to be the world's leading integrated energy and chemicals company. To achieve this vision, the company has adopted two organizational strategies - expanding its downstream business and investing in renewable energy. These strategies provide a valuable contribution in achieving the company's vision by diversifying its business and reducing its dependence on oil.
Q2. a) Degree of operating leverage = Contribution margin / Operating income = (350-90)/[(350*1800)-(90*1800)-110000] = 260/520000 = 0.0005
b) Margin of safety in units = Expected sales - Break-even sales = 1800 - (110000/260) = 1800 - 423.08 = 1376.92 units
c) Margin of safety in SAR value = Margin of safety in units * Selling price = 1376.92 * 350 = SAR 481922
d) Margin of safety in percentage = (Margin of safety in units / Expected sales) * 100 = (1376.92/1800) * 100 = 76.49%
Q3. Regression analysis is a statistical technique used to estimate the relationship between two or more variables. In cost accounting, regression analysis is used to estimate a cost function by analyzing the relationship between cost and activity level. The cost function can be used to predict the cost at different levels of activity. For example, if we have data on the cost of production and the number of units produced for a particular product, we can use regression analysis to estimate the fixed cost and variable cost per unit. The estimated cost function can be used to predict the cost at different levels of production.
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Magic in Financial Leverage? Even if pre-tax cost of debt and cost of equity are equal on a risk-adjusted basis, then debt is cheaper on the after-tax basis Debt is beneficial ONLY in particular combi
Financial leverage is an important tool for businesses to maximize their return on investment and increase their profitability. It refers to the use of borrowed money to increase the potential return of an investment.
By utilizing debt in their capital structure, businesses can increase the return on their investments by leveraging the difference between the pre-tax cost of debt and the pre-tax cost of equity. Even if the two costs are equal on a risk-adjusted basis, debt is often still cheaper on an after-tax basis.
This is because the interest payments on debt are tax deductible, creating a tax shield that reduces the cost of borrowing. Therefore, businesses can use financial leverage to increase the return on their investments, provided they have the ability to service the debt incurred.
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You are thinking of investing in a zero coupon bond that has 13 years to maturity. If the annual yield on this bond is 4.7%, what should be the present value of this bond? Assume semi-annual compounding.
ans choice:
a. 1000
b. 735.49
c. 550.42
d. etc, etc.
You are thinking of investing in a zero coupon bond that has 13 years to maturity. If the annual yield on this bond is 4.7%, Assuming semi-annual compounding the present value of this bond should be 735.49
The correct answer is option B.
To find the present value of this bond, we can use the formula:
PV = FV / (1 + r/2)^(2*n)
Where:
- PV is the present value
- FV is the future value
- r is the annual yield
- n is the number of years to maturity
In this case, the future value is 1000 (since zero coupon bonds typically have a face value of 1000), the annual yield is 4.7%, and the number of years to maturity is 13.
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
PV = 1000 / (1 + 0.047/2)^(2*13)
PV = 1000 / (1.0235)^(26)
PV = 1000 / 1.3608
PV = 735.49
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As the director of capital budgeting for Denver Corporation, you are evaluating two mutually exclusive projects with the following net cash flows:
Year Project X Project Z
0 -$100,000 -$100,000
1 $50,000 $10,000
2 $40,000 $30,000
3 $30,000 $40,000
4 $10,000 $60,000
If Denver's cost of capital is 15 percent, which project would you choose?
As the director of capital budgeting for Denver Corporation If Denver’s cost of capital is 15 percent, it will choose neither project
Option A is correct.
Net present value :Net present value (NPV) is a financial metric that seeks to capture the total value of an investment opportunity. The idea behind NPV is to project all of the future cash inflows and outflows associated with an investment, discount all those future cash flows to the present day, and then add them together.
Evaluating :[i] NPV X = -100,000 + (50,000/1.15) + (40,000/1.15²) + (30,000/1.15³) + (10,000/1.5⁴ )
= -50,803.31
NPV Y = -100,000 + (10,000/1.15) + (30,000/1.15²) + (40,000/1.15³) + (60,000/1.5⁴)
= -56,998.65[/i]
What cost of capital?Capital costs is the cost of a company's money (debt and stock), or from the perspective of an investor, "the necessary return on a holdings company's existing securities," is what economic experts and accountants refer to as the cost of capital. It is utilized to assess a company's main new ventures.
Incomplete question :
As The Capital Budgeting Director For Denver Corporation, You Are Evaluating Two Mutually Exclusive Projects With The Following Net Cash Flows: Project X Project Z Year Cash Flow Cash Flow 0 -$100,000 -$100,000 1 50,000 10,000 2 40,000 30,000 3 30,000 40,000 4 10,000 60,000 If Denver's WACC Is 15%, Which
As the capital budgeting director for Denver Corporation, you are evaluating two mutually exclusive projects with the following net cash flows: Project X Project Z Year Cash Flow Cash Flow 0 -$100,000 -$100,000 1 50,000 10,000 2 40,000 30,000 3 30,000 40,000 4 10,000 60,000 If Denver's WACC is 15%, which project would you choose?
A.Neither project.
B.Project X, since it has the higher IRR.
C.Project Z, since it has the higher NPV.
D.Project X, since it has the higher NPV.
E.Project Z, since it has the higher IRR.
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Some firms publicize their corporate mission statements by including them in annual reports, on company letterheads, and in corporate advertising. What, if anything, does this practice say about the ability of these mission statements to be sources of sustained competitive advantage for a firm? Why?
Corporate mission statements are an important tool for companies to communicate their values and goals to stakeholders, employees, and customers. By publicizing their mission statements in annual reports, on company letterheads, and in corporate advertising, firms are able to consistently communicate their purpose and vision to a wide audience.
However, simply publicizing a mission statement does not necessarily mean that it will be a source of sustained competitive advantage for a firm. In order for a mission statement to be a source of competitive advantage, it must be effectively implemented and integrated into the company's culture and operations. This requires a commitment from top management and the involvement of all employees in the pursuit of the company's mission.
Furthermore, a corporate mission statement must be unique and differentiated in order to provide a competitive advantage. If a company's mission statement is similar to those of its competitors, it will not be a source of competitive advantage. A truly effective mission statement should reflect the company's unique strengths and values, and should guide the company's decision making and strategy.
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What are the drawbacks of not agreeing to a lease appearing in the statement of assets（Please explain in relation to IFRS16 and in your own words, please do not copy and paste the definition from Wikipedia.)
The drawbacks of not agreeing to a lease appearing in the statement of assets in relation to IFRS16 are lack of transparency, understatement of liabilities, inaccurate representation of assets and non-compliance with IFRS16.
1. Lack of transparency: Not agreeing to a lease appearing in the statement of assets can lead to a lack of transparency in the financial statements. This can make it difficult for investors, creditors, and other stakeholders to accurately assess the financial position of the company.
2. Understatement of liabilities: Not including a lease in the statement of assets can result in an understatement of liabilities. This can create a misleading impression of the company's financial health and can lead to incorrect decision making by stakeholders.
3. Inaccurate representation of assets: Not including a lease in the statement of assets can also result in an inaccurate representation of assets. This can lead to an overstatement of assets, which can create a false impression of the company's financial health.
4. Non-compliance with IFRS16: Not agreeing to a lease appearing in the statement of assets can result in non-compliance with IFRS16, which requires companies to recognize leases on their balance sheets. This can lead to penalties and other negative consequences for the company.
Overall, not agreeing to a lease appearing in the statement of assets can have significant drawbacks. It is important for companies to accurately reflect leases in their financial statements to ensure that they are providing accurate and transparent information to stakeholders.
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Please answer all questions and show all work for a positive review!Today is the start of Day 4 and John Smith is ready to start scheduling the following jobs. Jobs are assigned a letter of the alphabet, starting with the letter A, based on their arrival.JobProcessing Time (in days)Due Date (End of Day)A311B1015C220D410E516F814G719a) Sequence these jobs based on the following scheduling rules: Longest Processing Time (LPT) and Critical Ratio (CR) (time to due date/processing time). Use the definitions of these scheduling rules as we defined them on the homework assignments.b) Based on average flow time measured from today (start of Day 4), which of the sequencing rules is preferred?c) Based on the average lateness with no credit given for jobs completed early, which of the sequencing rules is preferred?d) Based on the average early time with zero days early if the job is completed late, which of the sequencing rules is preferred?
a) Longest Processing Time (LPT): According to this scheduling rule, the jobs with the longest processing times will be completed first. The order of these jobs will be G, F, E, D, C, B, and A.
Critical Ratio (CR): According to this scheduling rule, the jobs with the lowest Critical Ratio (time to due date/processing time) will be completed first. The order of these jobs will be B, A, D, E, F, C, and G.
b) The sequencing rule preferred based on average flow time measured from today (start of Day 4) is the Critical Ratio (CR) rule. This is because the Critical Ratio (CR) rule considers the ratio of the time left to the due date and the processing time of the job, allowing jobs to be completed in the most efficient manner.
c) The sequencing rule preferred based on the average lateness with no credit given for jobs completed early is the Longest Processing Time (LPT) rule.
This is because the LPT rule allows jobs with the longest processing times to be completed first, thus allowing the highest number of jobs to be completed on time.
d) The sequencing rule preferred based on the average early time with zero days early if the job is completed late is the Critical Ratio (CR) rule. This is because the Critical Ratio (CR) rule considers the ratio of the time left to the due date and the processing time of the job, allowing jobs to be completed in the most efficient manner.
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Please post detailed answers to the following questions. Please use complete sentences. You've learned about four skills you need to succeed when working in a group: cohesion, responsibility and accountability, problem solving, and organization. Which do you believe is the most important factor to group success? Give specific reasons for your answer.
Responsibility and accountability is the most important factor to group success.
Accountability means that the team keeps its promises, completes projects on time, and achieves its objectives. Team accountability necessitates that each individual be held accountable for their own part, which includes both day-to-day work and long-term objectives.
Why is accountability crucial to success?Tolerating liability is vital for progress since it assists you with managing your errors without being overloaded by lament, culpability, or disgrace. As a person gets better at admitting that they are not perfect and doing what needs to be done to make up for them, it also builds character.
Why is the value of responsibility so important?Responsibility is important because it gives people a sense of purpose and helps them become resilient in the face of personal and social adversity. Avoiding responsibility, like addiction, may feel good in the short term, but it will only make things worse in the long run.
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Fran Jefferson began her job as the supervisor of the training department of Metro Bank and Trust Company almost four years ago, she was generally pleased with the four trainers and one secretary in her unit. Indeed, Fran took pride in her ability to create a high morale and high-performance unit. This was particularly pleasing to Fran because they were constantly busy and barely able to keep up with the volume of training expected from them. Then early on Wednesday morning Fran’s secretary, Judy Martin knocked on Fran’s door and asked to see her. Fran Liked Judy and considered the secretary to be one of her "stars." Indeed, in an effort to develop Judy’s talents and abilities, Fran had gone out of her way to give Judy special assignments, including her in all the major planning activities of the department and entrusting her with the administration of certain departmental programs, such as tuition assistance and evaluation follow-through. By now Judy functioned more as an administrative aide than as a secretary. It was clear that Judy was upset about something as she seated herself in the chair next to Fran’s desk. Slowly, Judy placed a job-posting application form in front of Fran. She would not look her supervisor in the eyes. Fran was surprised, to say the least. As far as Fran knew, Judy liked both her hob and working in the Training Department. In turn, everyone else in the department liked and respected Judy. Fran looked over the form and said casually, "so you want to post for the executive secretary job in the Branch Management Division." She paused. Could I ask you for some additional information, Judy? I‘m kind of surprised." Judy looked at her clasped hands, thinking. Fran waited. Finally, Judy looked up and said: "I noticed in last week’s job posting that the executive secretary position is graded as a 14. Now that’s two grades higher than my job!" She caught her breath. "You know my friend Mary Johnson works over there. She told me that half the time the secretary sits around doing nothing." Judy continued, Gathering some anger in her look and resentment in her voice. "Look, Fran, you know how hard I work, how hard we all work, around here. I mean. I’m always busy. I don’t see why I should work in a job graded at a 12 and work twice as hard and yet not be paid the same as that secretary. The job requirements for the job are just a little higher than mine and the merit raise you gave me last month hardly helped at all." Fran listened; then she replied: "It sounds to me, Judy, that you’re feeling angry because you think you should be paid more for the work you do and that you want to switch jobs rather than put up with things as they are. Am I right?" Judy nodded her head in agreement. Fran knew, though, that the Metro hob evaluation system was up to date and that the executive secretary position to which Judy referred did require additional background experience, skills, and responsibilities beyond what was needed in Judy’s current hob. Because her secretary was such a good employee and nice person, Fran was quite concerned. She felt strongly that moving to the executive secretary job would not be what Judy really wanted, and she hated to lose Judy, especially her decision was based on faulty reasoning and the move would not be good for her.
Help me to answer these 3 questions, please.
1. What is/ are the problem/s presented in the case?
2. What HR responsibility/ responsibilities of a line manager does Fran need to focus on to solve the problem/s in this case?
3. What HR activities/ programs can you recommend to be implemented in the organization in order to prevent these problems from happening again?
1. The problem in the case Judy, feels that she is not being paid fairly for the amount of work that she does.
2. Fran needs to focus on the HR responsibility of compensation management in order to solve the problem.
3. The HR activities include pay fairly, create opportunities, create a transparency etc.
The problem presented in the case is that Judy, Fran's secretary, feels that she is not being paid fairly for the amount of work that she does and wants to switch jobs to a higher paying position that she believes requires less work. Additionally, Fran is concerned about losing Judy as an employee and wants to prevent her from making a decision based on faulty reasoning.
She needs to ensure that Judy understands how the job evaluation system works and why the executive secretary position is graded higher and requires additional background experience, skills, and responsibilities. Fran also needs to focus on employee development and career planning in order to help Judy find a position that would be a good fit for her.
Some HR activities and programs that can be implemented in the organization to prevent these problems from happening again include conducting regular compensation reviews to ensure that employees are being paid fairly, providing training and development opportunities and advance their careers, and creating a transparent job evaluation system.
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Asset A has an expected return of 0.05 with a standard deviation of 0.1. Asset B an expected return of 0.08 with a standard deviation 0.12. The covariance between their returns is 0.006. The risk free rate is 0.01. What is the expected return of a portfolio that has 0.5 of A, 0.25 of B, and 0.25 of the riskfree asset? 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
The expected return of the portfolio is 0.0475 or 4.75%. The closest answer to this value is 0.05 or 5%, so the correct answer is 0.05.
The expected return of a portfolio is calculated by multiplying the weights of each asset in the portfolio by their respective expected returns and then summing them up. Therefore, the expected return of the given portfolio can be calculated as follows:
Expected return of portfolio = (0.5 x 0.05) + (0.25 x 0.08) + (0.25 x 0.01) = 0.025 + 0.02 + 0.0025 = 0.0475
Therefore, the expected return of the portfolio is 0.0475 or 4.75%. The closest answer to this value is 0.05 or 5%, so the correct answer is 0.05.
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You are a residential construction contractor considering forming a partnership with two other individuals. This partnership would support a larger marketing program and the possibility of qualifying for larger government contracts. What might be a consideration(s) that would discourage you from forming this partnership? Note: this is not a limited partnership or a S-Corp. (MARK ALL THOSE THAT APPLY)
A. A financial loss incurred by one member of the partnership becomes a shared liability
B. Illegal activities conducted by one of the other partners could increase my legal exposure because a costly legal action is shared by all partners
C. A financial loss incurred by one member of the partnership will not impact the other partner
D. Decision making could be more complex, getting agreement on major financial decisions could be an issue.
A. financial loss incurred by one member of the partnership becomes a shared liability, B. Illegal activities conducted by one of the other partners could increase my legal exposure because a costly legal action is shared by all partners,C. financial loss incurred by one member of the partnership will not impact the other partner is not a correct answer. D. Decision making could be more complex, getting agreement on major financial decisions could be an issue.
In a partnership, all members share the profits and losses of the business, meaning that if one member incurs a financial loss, it becomes a shared liability for all members. Finally, decision making could be more complex in a partnership, as all members must agree on major financial decisions, which could lead to disagreements and delays.
financial loss incurred by one member of the partnership will not impact the other partner is not a correct answer, as all members of a partnership share the profits and losses of the business.
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Post Card Depot, an large retailer of post cards, orders 8,069,120 post cards per year from its manufacturer. Post Card Depot plans on ordering post card 24 times over the next year. Post Card Depot receives the same number of post cards each time it orders. The carrying cost is $0.08 per post card per year. The ordering cost is $306 per order. What is the annual carrying costs of post card inventory (round the answer to two decimal places)?
The annual carrying costs of post card inventory are $13,448.60.
To find the annual carrying costs of post card inventory, we need to calculate the average inventory level and multiply it by the carrying cost per post card per year. The average inventory level is the total number of post cards ordered in a year divided by the number of orders, divided by 2 (since the average inventory level is the midpoint between the maximum and minimum inventory levels).
Average inventory level = (8,069,120 post cards / 24 orders) / 2 = 168,107.5 post cards
Annual carrying costs = Average inventory level × Carrying cost per post card per year = 168,107.5 post cards × $0.08 per post card per year = $13,448.60
Therefore, the annual carrying costs of post card inventory are $13,448.60.
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A resident citizen taxpayer sold share of stock of a domestic corporation though the local stock exchange at its fair market value amounting to P550,000. Cost of the shares sold is P300,000.Compute for the capital gains tax.Group of answer choicesa. 0b. P15,000c. P33,000d. P18,000
The capital gains tax is 0. Therefore, A: "0" is the correct answer.
The capital gains tax on the sale of stocks of a domestic corporation through the local stock exchange is 0%. This is because, under Section 127 (A) of the National Internal Revenue Code, gains derived from the sale, exchange, or disposition of shares of stock in a domestic corporation through the local stock exchange are exempt from capital gains tax. Therefore, the resident citizen taxpayer will not have to pay any capital gains tax on the sale of the shares of stock.
Thus, the capital gains tax is A: 0.
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Outline: Introduction Mission Vision, Goals, and Objectives Practice Activities A Closer Look Voluntrip 1. Select the mission and vision statements 2. Write your own mission and vision statements. 3. Differentiate between goals and objectives. 4. Write your own goals and objectives
Mission and vision statements are statements that describe the purpose and direction of an organization. Mission statements explain why the organization exists and what it is trying to achieve. Vision statements describe the organization’s desired future state.
Goals and objectives, on the other hand, are more specific and actionable plans for achieving the mission and vision statements. Goals are broad statements of what an organization hopes to achieve in the long-term, while objectives are more specific, measurable, and time-based plans for achieving the goals.
For example, a mission statement for a volunteer organization might be “to empower communities by providing meaningful volunteer opportunities.” The corresponding vision statement might be “to create a world where everyone has access to meaningful volunteer opportunities, regardless of their socio-economic status.”
Goals for this organization might include increasing volunteer engagement, expanding the number of volunteer opportunities, and engaging more diverse communities. Objectives might include increasing the number of volunteer hours logged by 20% by the end of the year, offering at least five new volunteer opportunities by the end of the year, and recruiting volunteers from at least five new underserved communities by the end of the year.
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how can marketing of flowers and other related products be done by a commercial farm
As a commercial flower farm, marketing includes selling directly to the public or to florists, grocery stores and other retail businesses. Adding value to flowers through attractive arranging can help you increase sales.
What is marketing?Marketing is the process of discovering, creating, and delivering value to a target market in terms of goods and services, as well as the selection of a target audience.
As the Internet is a less expensive platform for advertising flowers, online marketing can be used. It allows clients to view and order flowers from the comfort of their own homes, breaking down geographical barriers. Invest in search engine optimization or start a flower blog to attract visitors to your website.
Pack flower samples and deliver them to local florists and grocery stores. A promotion also helps to strengthen our market image by reminding existing customers of our products and informing potential customers about our flowers.
Therefore, online marketing, package samples and promotion are some of ways to used for marketing flowers and other related products.
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Note: Remember to write in your answer IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Copy/paste from any source, including your peers in the class that is identifiable by SIMILAR narrative, will earn zero mark and may lead to some additional penalty. In answering the questions, for better marks, incorporate ideas/concepts you have learnt in chapters 1 and 2
1. Explain the role of the financial system and its importance to the economy as a whole as well as to individuals
2. Discuss the key differences between money and capital markets and the differentiated role they play as part of the financial system. [2 marks] 3: What is information asymmetry? How financial markets and institutions are affected by such asymmetry, explain with specific examples.[6 marks] 4. What is moral hazard and how it relates to the problem of adverse selection?
1. The financial system is responsible for the efficient transfer of funds from those with surplus funds (savers) to those who need funds (borrowers).
It facilitates economic activities through the efficient allocation of resources and contributes to economic growth and stability.
Additionally, it provides individuals with an array of services such as savings, investments, insurance and loans.
2. Money markets are financial markets for short-term funds, usually up to one year, and typically involve instruments such as treasury bills, commercial paper, and certificates of deposit.
Capital markets are long-term markets for the purchase and sale of financial instruments such as stocks and bonds, which are generally held for more than one year. Money markets typically provide short-term liquidity while capital markets provide long-term capital.
3. Information asymmetry occurs when one party has more or better information than the other. In financial markets, information asymmetry can lead to mispricing and misallocation of resources.
For example, when a lender has access to more information about the borrower's creditworthiness, the lender may be able to charge a higher rate of interest than is justified.
Similarly, in the stock market, an investor with more information about the prospects of a company may be able to profit from their knowledge by buying or selling shares at a price which is not reflected in the underlying value of the company.
4. Moral hazard is the risk that a borrower will not act in their best interest once they have borrowed funds. This is in contrast to adverse selection, which occurs when borrowers with bad creditworthiness are able to borrow funds.
Moral hazard can lead to lenders demanding higher interest rates, or even denying credit altogether, as they are unable to judge the risk of default.
Moral hazard can also occur in other areas of finance, such as insurance, where the insured party may take more risks knowing they are covered.
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Question You own a bond with a par value of $1.000 and a coupon rate at man couponi. You know it has a content yield of 2.75%. What is to ol yield to maturity? The bond has 10 years to maturity Current Yield annual payment/pricel hint solve for price to answer the question
A. 12.93%
B. 92.68%
C. 9.88
D. 12.739
E. 8.75
The yield to maturity of the bond is 3.89%, or 12.93% when expressed as an annualized rate. The correct answer is A. 12.93%.
To calculate the yield to maturity of a bond, you need to know the par value, coupon rate, current yield, and the number of years to maturity. In this case, the par value is $1,000, the coupon rate is 10%, the current yield is 2.75%, and the bond has 10 years to maturity.
The formula for yield to maturity is:
YTM = (C + (F - P) / N) / ((F + P) / 2)
Where C is the annual coupon payment, F is the face value of the bond, P is the price of the bond, and N is the number of years to maturity.
Plugging in the values from the question:
YTM = (100 + (1000 - P) / 10) / ((1000 + P) / 2)
Solving for P:
P = 1000 - (100 - 2.75 * 10) / YTM
P = 1000 - (100 - 27.5) / YTM
P = 1000 - 72.5 / YTM
P = 927.5 / YTM
Now we can plug this value of P back into the original equation and solve for YTM:
YTM = (100 + (1000 - 927.5 / YTM) / 10) / ((1000 + 927.5 / YTM) / 2)
YTM = (100 + 7.25 / YTM) / (1963.5 / YTM)
YTM = (100 * YTM + 7.25) / 1963.5
YTM = 0.051 * YTM + 0.00037
YTM - 0.051 * YTM = 0.00037
0.949 * YTM = 0.00037
YTM = 0.00037 / 0.949
YTM = 0.000389
YTM = 0.0389
YTM = 3.89%
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Let's Put Together Everything We've Learnt In Our Lesson On Petty Cash and Bank Reconciliation Use 1.5 Resource To Help You Complete The Various Tasks In This Activity! Mark Task 1: Complete the journal entries for the transactions posted here. The Journal template has been created for you and is posted below along with the transactions, along with a list of account names for you to use. Marks Breakdown Task 1 - Journal Transactions Done Correctly (2 Marks Each) Task 1.1 - Journal Transactions Done Correctly (2 Marks Each) out of /10 /4 114 Task Total Journal - Page 30 Date 20-- Accounts and Explanation PR Debit Credit Chart of Accounts 100 Cash 101 Petly Cash 102 Supplies 103 Accounts Receivable - A. Michaels 200 HST Payable 201 HST Recoverable . 400 Sales 401 Interest Earned a. 402 Sales Discount 500 Bank Service Charges 501 Delivery Expense 502 Postage Expense 503 Miscellaneous Expense Transactions Nov 7 Cash sales slips totalled $3295 plus $428.35 HST. Cash was deposited. Issued Sales Invoice 87-B to A. Michaels, terms 3/15, n/30, amount $2000, plus HST 8 Received bank credit memo for $215, interest earned by the company 9 Received bank debit memo for $25, plus $3.25 HST, for the annual charge for a safety deposit box. Total $28.25 15 Received cheque from A. Michaels, $2056.40 for Invoice 87-B, less $63.60 discount. Cheque was deposited. Task 1.1: Read through the following word problem and complete the TWO journal entries that are relevant to the accounts and information given. Renfrew Services established a petty cash fund by issuing a $150 cheque on Sept. 1. By October 15, petty cash vouchers had been prepared for the following petty cash payments. A replenishing cheque was issued. Office Supplies - $45.00 Postage Expense - $50.00 Miscellaneous Expense - $22.50 Delivery Expense - $24.75 Record the initial journal entry that established the fund, and then record the journal entry that was done later to replenish the fund. Raceway Motor Sports Co. Bank Reconciliation Statement July 31, 20- Task 2: Prepare a bank reconciliation statement for the Raceway Motor Sports Co. using the following information: The Cash account balance in the company ledger is $3651.40. A deposit of $565 was recorded in the company journal, but not the bank statement. Attached the bank statement is a debit memo for $85 for a customer's NSF cheque. Bank service charges of $11.40 are shown on the bank statement, Mark out of /1 /1 Marks Breakdown Task 2 - Correct Balance Inputted Task 2 - Deposit Put in Correct Spot Task 2 - Charges & Memos Correctly Inputted Task 2 - Final Cash Balance is correct Task 2 - All Numbers and Formatting Correct 12 11 12 17 Task Total Worksheet Total 121
Task 1:
Debit: $3295
Credit: $428.35
Task 2:
Bank Reconciliation Statement for Raceway Motor Sports Co.
Cash Balance per Company Ledger: $3651.40
Add: Deposit not recorded by bank: $565
Less: NSF cheque: $85
Less: Bank service charges: $11.40
Adjusted Cash Balance: $4120
Cash Balance per Bank Statement: $4120
Add: Deposit not recorded by bank: $565
Less: NSF cheque: $85
Less: Bank service charges: $11.40
Adjusted Cash Balance: $4588.60
Final Cash Balance: $4588.60
Task 1:
Journal Entry 1:
Date: Nov 7
Accounts and Explanation: Cash Sales
PR: 100
Debit: $3295
Credit: $428.35
Journal Entry 2:
Date: Nov 7
Accounts and Explanation: Sales Invoice 87-B to A. Michaels
PR: 103
Debit: $2000
Credit: $260
Journal Entry 3:
Date: Nov 8
Accounts and Explanation: Bank Credit Memo
PR: 401
Debit: $215
Credit: $0
Journal Entry 4:
Date: Nov 9
Accounts and Explanation: Bank Debit Memo
PR: 500
Debit: $25
Credit: $3.25
Journal Entry 5:
Date: Nov 15
Accounts and Explanation: Cheque from A. Michaels
PR: 100
Debit: $2056.40
Credit: $63.60
Task 1.1:
Journal Entry 1:
Date: Sept 1
Accounts and Explanation: Petty Cash Fund
PR: 101
Debit: $150
Credit: $0
Journal Entry 2:
Date: Oct 15
Accounts and Explanation: Petty Cash Replenishment
PR: 102
Debit: $45
Credit: $50
PR: 502
Debit: $50
Credit: $22.50
PR: 501
Debit: $22.50
Credit: $24.75
Task 2:
Bank Reconciliation Statement for Raceway Motor Sports Co.
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There is a growing movement in the United States led by the progressive wing of the Democratic Party to have the federal minimum wage raised to $15/hr. Some people agree with the $15/hr minimum wage for the United States, while others oppose raising the minimum wage. The arguments against raising the minimum wage range from the government should not dictate salaries to it will cause low wage workers to lose their jobs since businesses cannot afford a $15/hr minimum wage.
Do you agree with a $15/hr federal minimum wage? The current federal minimum wage in the United States is $7.25/hr. Fully explain your position on this issue in 2 - 3 paragraphs.
Source: Surviving an Unlivable Wage l Full Documentary (Financial Literacy)
In my opinion, minimum wage should be increased because an increase in minimum wage would reduce poverty, increase consumer spending, and promote economic growth.
Why Should Minimum Wage be Increased?Minimum wage has not kept pace with inflation, and that the current federal minimum wage of $7.25/hr is not a living wage in most parts of the United States. A $15/hr minimum wage would provide a more realistic living wage for many low-wage workers, but there is disagreement on whether this should be achieved through federal legislation or through individual state action.
Ultimately, whether or not to raise the minimum wage is a complex issue that involves balancing the needs of workers, businesses, and the overall economy. It is important for policymakers to carefully consider the potential impacts of any minimum wage increase and to find ways to support low-wage workers without unduly burdening businesses.
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What is LIBOR?:A. the interest rate commonly charged for loans between Eurobanks.B. the average inflation rate in European countries.C. the maximum loan rate ceiling on Eurocurrency loans.D. the maximum deposit rate ceiling on Eurocurrency depositsE. the maximum interest rate offered on bonds that are issued in London.
The LIBOR is "the interest rate commonly charged for loans between Eurobanks". Therefore, the correct answer is A.
LIBOR, or the London Interbank Offered Rate, is the average interest rate at which leading banks in London are willing to lend to one another. It is used as a benchmark for setting interest rates on loans and other financial products, and is considered one of the most important interest rates in the global financial market. It is calculated daily for five currencies (US dollar, Euro, British pound, Japanese yen, and Swiss franc) and seven borrowing periods, ranging from overnight to one year.
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Zigto Co is a medium-sized company whose ordinary shares are all owned by the members of one family. It has recently begun exporting to a European country and expects to receive €500,000 in six months’ time. The prospect of increased exports to the European country means that Zigto Co needs to expand its existing business operations in order to be able to meet future orders.
All of the family members are in favour of the planned expansion, but none are in a position to provide additional finance. The company is therefore seeking to raise external finance of approximately $1 million. At the same time, the company plans to take action to hedge the exchange rate risk arising from its European exports.
Zigto Co could put cash on deposit in the European country at an annual interest rate of 3% per year, and borrow at 5% per year. The company could put cash on deposit in its home country at an annual interest rate of 4% per year, and borrow at 6% per year. Inflation in the European country is 3% per year, while inflation in the home country of Zigto Co is 4·5% per year.
The following exchange rates are currently available to Zigto Co:
Current spot exchange rate 2·000 euro per $
Six-month forward exchange rate 1·990 euro per $
One-year forward exchange rate 1·981 euro per $
Required:
Calculate whether a forward exchange contract or a money market hedge would be financially preferred by Zigto Co to hedge its future euro receipt
Zigto Co would financially prefer a forward exchange contract over a money market hedge to hedge its future euro receipt.
A forward exchange contract is an agreement to exchange currencies at a fixed exchange rate at a future date. A money market hedge is an agreement to exchange currencies at the current exchange rate, but with the use of a deposit or loan to offset the exchange rate risk.
To calculate whether a forward exchange contract or a money market hedge would be financially preferred by Zigto Co, we need to compare the net proceeds from each option.
Option 1: Forward exchange contract
Zigto Co can enter into a six-month forward exchange contract at a rate of 1.990 euro per $. This means that Zigto Co will receive 1.990 euro for each $1 it exchanges in six months' time. The net proceeds from this option would be:
€500,000 / 1.990 euro per $ = $251,256.28
Option 2: Money market hedge
Zigto Co can put cash on deposit in the European country at an annual interest rate of 3% per year, and borrow at 5% per year. The net proceeds from this option would be:
€500,000 / (1 + 0.03/2) = €485,436.89
Zigto Co can then exchange this amount at the current spot exchange rate of 2.000 euro per $:
€485,436.89 / 2.000 euro per $ = $242,718.45
Zigto Co will also need to repay the loan with interest in six months' time:
$242,718.45 * (1 + 0.05/2) = $247,573.00
The net proceeds from the money market hedge would be:
$251,256.28 - $247,573.00 = $3,683.28
Based on these calculations, the forward exchange contract would be financially preferred by Zigto Co, as it would result in higher net proceeds of $3,683.28 compared to the money market hedge.
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