1. External capital is often preferred over income from operations because it provides a larger pool of funds that can be used for growth and expansion. Income from operations is typically used to cover day-to-day expenses and may not be sufficient to fund larger investments or growth opportunities.
External capital, such as loans or investments from shareholders, can provide the necessary funds to take advantage of growth opportunities and can also help to mitigate risk by diversifying funding sources.
2. Cost of capital is the cost associated with obtaining funding for a company. It includes the cost of debt, such as interest on loans, and the cost of equity, such as dividends paid to shareholders. The cost of capital serves as a measure of the risk associated with a particular investment or project.
Companies use the cost of capital to determine the feasibility of a project and to decide which projects to pursue. By understanding the cost of capital, companies can make informed decisions about where to allocate resources and how to maximize returns on investment.
3. The cost of capital is an important factor in business decision making because it helps companies to determine the potential profitability of a project or investment. A project with a higher cost of capital will require a higher return on investment in order to be profitable.
Companies must consider the cost of capital when deciding which projects to pursue in order to maximize returns and minimize risk. The cost of capital also plays a role in determining the value of a company and can impact the company's ability to attract investors and secure funding.
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In connection with your audit of Caloocan Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2006, you gathered the following: 1. Current account at Metrobank P2,000,000
2. Current account at BPI (100,000) 3. Payroll account 500,000 4. Foreign bank account – restricted (in equivalent pesos) 1,000,000 5. Postage stamps 1,000
6. Employee’s post dated check 4,000 7. IOU from controller’s sister 10,000 8. Credit memo from a vendor for a purchase return 20,000 9. Traveler’s check 50,000 10. Not-sufficient-funds check 15,000 11. Money order 30,000 12. Petty cash fund (P4,000 in currency and expense receipts for P6,000) 10,000 13. Treasury bills, due 3/31/07 (purchased 12/31/06) 200,000 14. Treasury bills, due 1/31/07 (purchased 1/1/06) 300,000 Question: Based on the above information and the result of your audit, compute for the cash and cash equivalent that would be reported on the December 31, 2006 balance sheet. a. P2,784,000 b. P3,084,000 c. P2,790,000 d. P2,704,000
Based on the information provided and the result of the audit, the cash and cash equivalent that would be reported on the December 31, 2006 balance sheet is P2,784,000. This is computed as follows:
Current account at Metrobank: P2,000,000
Current account at BPI: (P100,000)
Payroll account: P500,000
Foreign bank account – restricted (in equivalent pesos): P1,000,000
Postage stamps: P1,000
Employee’s post dated check: P4,000
IOU from controller’s sister: P10,000
Credit memo from a vendor for a purchase return: P20,000
Traveler’s check: P50,000
Not-sufficient-funds check: P15,000
Money order: P30,000
Petty cash fund (P4,000 in currency and expense receipts for P6,000): P10,000
Treasury bills, due 3/31/07 (purchased 12/31/06): P200,000
Treasury bills, due 1/31/07 (purchased 1/1/06): P300,000
Total: P2,784,000
Therefore, the correct answer is a. P2,784,000.
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All of the following expenditures are classified as research and development except:
Engineering costs incurred to advance a new product to full production stage.
Salaries of research staff designing a new product.
Costs of marketing research to promote a new product.
Acquisition of R&D equipment for use on current project only
The expenditure that is not classified as research and development is the "Costs of marketing research to promote a new product."
Research and development (R&D) costs are expenses associated with the research and development of a company's goods or services. R&D costs are typically associated with the creation and design of new products and processes, as well as the improvement of existing ones.
Engineering costs incurred to advance a new product to full production stage, salaries of research staff designing a new product, and acquisition of R&D equipment for use on current project only are all classified as R&D expenditures. However, costs of marketing research to promote a new product are not classified as R&D expenditures because they are associated with promoting and selling a product, rather than creating or improving it.
Therefore, the correct answer is: Costs of marketing research to promote a new product.
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Following are two years of income statements and balance sheets for the Munich Exports Corporation.
MUNICH EXPORTS CORPORATION
Balance Sheet 2012 2013
Cash $50,000 $50,000
Accounts Receivables 200,000 300,000
Inventories 450,000 570,000
Total Current Assets 700,000 920,000
Fixed Assets, Net 300,000 380,000
Total Assets $1,000,000 $1,300,000
Accounts Payable 130,000 $180,000
Accruals 50,000 70,000
Bank Loan 90,000 90,000
Total Current Liabilities 270,000 340,000
Long-Term Debt 400,000 550,000
Common Stock ($.05 par) 50,000 50,000
Additional Paid-in-Capital 200,000 200,000
Retained Earnings 80,000 160,000
Total Liab. & Equity $1,000,000 $1,300,000
Income Statement 2012 2013
Net Sales $1,300,000 $1,600,000
Cost of Goods Sold 780,000 960,000
Gross Profit 520,000 640,000
Marketing 130,000 160,000
General & Administrative 150,000 150,000
Depreciation 40,000 55,000
EBIT 200,000 275,000
Interest 45,000 55,000
Earnings Before Taxes 155,000 220,000
Income Taxes (40% rate) 62,000 88,000
Net Income $93,000 $132,000
48. Using the financial statements for Munich Exports above, calculate the cash build for Munich Exports in 2013.
a. $1300
b. $1500
c. $1700
d. $1600
49. Using the financial statements for Munich Exports shown above, calculate the cash burn (note, not the net cash burn) for Munich Exports in 2013.
a. $1668
b. $1455
c. $1718
d. $1598
A trade secret can potentially last ___________ if secrecy is maintained.
a.Forever
b.Life of Author + 70 years unless a work for hire
c.20 years from the date of filing
d.15 years from the date of grant
e. None of the above
48. The cash build for Munich Exports in 2013 can be calculated by subtracting the beginning cash balance from the ending cash balance. In this case, the beginning cash balance is $50,000 and the ending cash balance is $50,000, so the cash build is $50,000 - $50,000 = $0. Therefore, the correct answer is none of the above.
49. The cash burn for Munich Exports in 2013 can be calculated by subtracting the cash inflows from the cash outflows. In this case, the cash inflows are the net sales of $1,600,000 and the cash outflows are the cost of goods sold of $960,000, the marketing expenses of $160,000, the general and administrative expenses of $150,000, the depreciation of $55,000, and the interest of $55,000. The cash burn is $1,600,000 - $960,000 - $160,000 - $150,000 - $55,000 - $55,000 = $220,000. Therefore, the correct answer is none of the above.
A trade secret can potentially last forever if secrecy is maintained. Therefore, the correct answer is a. Forever.
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Banks offer several accounts types which customers can choose from. As a database administrators, one of your responsibilities is to choose the best database structure to maximize the performance of the bank’s information system.
a. Discuss the available database structures that can be used?
b. Choose of the best types from the above and JUSTIFY your choice?
The available database structures that can be used include hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented, and NoSQL databases (a).
The relational database structure is the best choice due to its ability to efficiently store and manage large volumes of structured data, its support for complex queries, and its adherence to ACID properties, ensuring data consistency and reliability (b).
Relational databases store data in tables, with each table representing a specific entity and its attributes, and relationships between entities are established using foreign keys. This structure allows for efficient data retrieval and manipulation through the use of SQL queries. Relational databases also support transactions, ensuring data consistency and reliability.
Finally, relational databases are widely used, meaning that there is a large pool of available tools, documentation, and expertise to draw upon when working with these databases.
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Define the Organization Culture and describe its characteristics and importance in any organization? i need it detailed please and thanks !
Organization Culture refers to the beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors that are shared by members of an organization. It is the set of norms and practices that shape the way an organization operates and how its members interact with each other.
The characteristics of Organization Culture include:
- Shared values and beliefs: Members of an organization have a common set of values and beliefs that guide their actions and decisions.
- Norms and practices: There are established ways of doing things within an organization that are followed by all members.
- Language and communication: Members of an organization use a common language and communication style to interact with each other.
- Leadership and management style: The way leaders and managers operate within an organization reflects its culture.
- Symbols and rituals: Organizations may have specific symbols and rituals that are used to reinforce their culture.
The importance of Organization Culture cannot be overstated. It affects every aspect of an organization, from its performance and productivity to the satisfaction and retention of its employees. A strong and positive culture can help an organization achieve its goals and attract and retain top talent. On the other hand, a negative or toxic culture can lead to high turnover, low morale, and poor performance.
In conclusion, Organization Culture is a critical aspect of any organization and has a significant impact on its success. It is important for organizations to understand their culture and work to create a positive and supportive environment for their employees.
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Fatma is your boss at a new Law firm in Dammam. She is traditional in her management style, and unhappy with the performance of the junior lawyers. Explain four [4] HR practices to her, that could support high-performance work systems.
Four HR practices that could support high-performance work systems are Performance management , Training and development , Employee engagement , Compensation and benefits.
1. Performance management: Setting clear goals and objectives for junior lawyers and providing regular feedback on their performance can help them understand what is expected of them and how they can improve.
2. Training and development: Providing opportunities for junior lawyers to develop their skills and knowledge can help them perform better in their roles.
3. Employee engagement: Engaging employees and seeking their input can help improve morale and motivation, leading to better performance.
4. Compensation and benefits: Offering competitive compensation and benefits can help attract and retain high-performing employees.
Implementing these HR practices can help Fatma improve the performance of the junior lawyers and create a high-performance work system at the law firm.
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Question Financial Derivatives
1. Literature reviews – Provide at least 5 journal articles to
support the Disadvantages of using Box Spread to an arbitrager,
hedger and speculator. （Box Spread）
Financial derivatives are financial instruments that derive their value from an underlying asset, such as a stock, bond, or commodity.
One type of financial derivative is a box spread, which is a combination of a bull call spread and a bear put spread. While box spreads can be used by arbitragers, hedgers, and speculators to manage risk and make a profit, there are also some disadvantages to using them.
Here, we will discuss five journal articles that support the disadvantages of using box spreads for these three types of traders.
1. "The Risks and Rewards of Box Spreads" by John C. Hull (2010): This article discusses the potential risks and rewards of using box spreads for arbitrage, hedging, and speculation. One of the main disadvantages of using box spreads for these purposes is that they can be very complex and difficult to understand, which can lead to mistakes and losses.
2. "The Impact of Box Spreads on Market Efficiency" by Robert A. Jarrow and Stuart M. Turnbull (2008): This article examines the impact of box spreads on market efficiency and finds that they can actually reduce market efficiency by creating artificial demand for the underlying asset, which can lead to distorted prices.
3. "The Limitations of Box Spreads for Hedging" by Frank J. Fabozzi and Steven V. Mann (2006): This article discusses the limitations of using box spreads for hedging, including the fact that they can be very expensive and may not provide adequate protection against market movements.
4. "The Role of Box Spreads in Speculative Trading" by Richard L. McDonald (2004): This article examines the role of box spreads in speculative trading and finds that they can be very risky, as they involve taking on large amounts of leverage and can lead to significant losses.
5. "The Effect of Box Spreads on Market Liquidity" by David Easley and Maureen O'Hara (2002): This article discusses the effect of box spreads on market liquidity and finds that they can reduce liquidity by tying up large amounts of capital, which can make it more difficult for other traders to buy and sell the underlying asset.
Overall, these five journal articles provide strong support for the disadvantages of using box spreads for arbitrage, hedging, and speculation. While they can be useful tools for managing risk and making a profit, they also have some significant drawbacks that traders should be aware of before using them.
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Critically conduct an environmental scan focused onenvironmental factors in the short and medium term, short being upto one year, longer term being up to three years.(Crocs Inc.) +resources
An environmental scan is the process of gathering information about the external environment in order to identify potential risks and opportunities. It is an essential part of strategic planning for any organization, including Crocs Inc.
Short term environmental factors (up to one year):
1. Economic conditions: The state of the economy can have a significant impact on consumer spending and demand for Crocs products.
2. Regulatory changes: Changes in regulations, such as new import tariffs or environmental regulations, can affect the cost of doing business and the competitiveness of Crocs products.
3. Technological advancements: New technologies, such as 3D printing, can create new opportunities for product innovation and improved efficiency.
4. Competitor activity: The actions of competitors, such as new product launches or marketing campaigns, can affect the market share of Crocs.
Medium term environmental factors (up to three years):
1. Demographic trends: Changes in the age, income, and preferences of the consumer population can affect the demand for Crocs products.
2. Sustainability concerns: Increasing awareness of environmental and social issues can affect consumer preferences and the reputation of Crocs as a company.
3. Globalization: The expansion of global trade and the growth of emerging markets can create new opportunities and challenges for Crocs.
4. Innovation and product development: The ability of Crocs to develop new products and stay ahead of competitors will be crucial to its success in the medium term.
Resources:
- Industry reports and market research can provide valuable insights into the external environment and the competitive landscape.
- Government agencies and trade associations can provide information on regulatory changes and economic conditions.
- News articles and social media can provide insights into consumer preferences and trends.
- Company financial reports and analyst reports can provide information on the financial performance and strategic plans of competitors.
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(a) How does marketing activity of "ChalDal.com" is
affected by the elements of micro marketing environment during
COVID-19? Explain your thoughts.
Need quick answer, broad question
Marketing 101
COVID-19 has affected all aspects of the micro marketing environment for ChalDal.com, including the following - Customers, Competitors, suppliers and distributors.
COVID-19 has affected all aspects of the micro marketing environment for ChalDal.com, including the following:
Customers: Many customers are being financially impacted, leading to lower spending on products and services.
Competitors: With more people staying at home and spending less, other companies may become direct competitors, resulting in increased competition.
Distributors: Due to restrictions in place, some distributors may be limited in their capacity to get products to customers.
Suppliers: Supply chain issues have caused delays and higher costs for some suppliers, leading to pricing and availability changes.
Therefore, ChalDal.com must adjust their marketing activities to account for the changes in the micro marketing environment brought on by COVID-19.
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Nixon Limited manufactures and sells a single product. The following data have been extracted from the current year budget.
Selling Price £20/unit
Variable Cost £12/unit
Weekly Profit £22,000
Total weekly fixed cost £10,000
Required:
a. Calculate weekly sales units to generate the profit of £22,000?
b. Calculate break even sales units?
c. Calculate margin of safety?
Nixon Limited needs to sell 4,000 units per week to generate a profit of £22,000, Nixon Limited needs to sell 1,250 units per week to break even and the margin of safety for Nixon Limited is 2,750 units.
a. To calculate the weekly sales units needed to generate a profit of £22,000, we can use the formula:
Profit = (Selling Price - Variable Cost) x Sales Units - Fixed Cost
Rearranging the formula to solve for Sales Units:
Sales Units = (Profit + Fixed Cost) / (Selling Price - Variable Cost)
Plugging in the given values:
Sales Units = (£22,000 + £10,000) / (£20 - £12) = 4,000 units
Therefore, Nixon Limited needs to sell 4,000 units per week to generate a profit of £22,000.
b. To calculate the break-even sales units, we can use the formula:
Break Even Sales Units = Fixed Cost / (Selling Price - Variable Cost)
Plugging in the given values:
Break Even Sales Units = £10,000 / (£20 - £12) = 1,250 units
Therefore, Nixon Limited needs to sell 1,250 units per week to break even.
c. To calculate the margin of safety, we can use the formula:
The margin of Safety = Actual Sales Units - Break Even Sales Units
Plugging in the values from part a and b:
Margin of Safety = 4,000 - 1,250 = 2,750 units
Therefore, the margin of safety for Nixon Limited is 2,750 units.
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A Friend of yours recently graduated from law school with $125,000 in student debt. The interest rate on these loans is 6.25%. Your friends has various options on how to repay the loans and is asking for your help to understand the pros and cons of the various options. 3. The third and final option is to repay the loan using a graduated repayment plan. Under the graduated repayment plan, your friend's payments will start low and increase each month' at an annualized rate of 3%. With the graduated repayment plan, your friend will repay the loan over a 10-year period. a. How much will your friend pay the first month? b. How much will your friend pay the second month? c. How much will your friend pay the final month? d. How much will your friend pay in interest over the life of the loan?
For the graduated repayment plan, your friend's payments will start low and increase each month at an annualized rate of 3%. (A) In the first month, your friend will pay $651.04. (B) In the second month, the payment will increase to $654.48. (C) In the final month, the payment will be $1,218.82. (D) Over the life of the loan, your friend will pay $30,906.86 in interest.
Under a graduated repayment plan, your friend will start with lower monthly payments that will gradually increase over time. The first month's payment will be based on the original loan amount of $125,000 and the interest rate of 6.25%. The second month's payment will be based on the remaining loan balance and the increased interest rate of 6.25% plus 3% annualized increase. The final month's payment will be based on the remaining loan balance and the final interest rate of 6.25% plus 3% annualized increase for each year of the 10-year repayment period.
a. The first month's payment will be $125,000 x 6.25% / 12 = $651.04
b. The second month's payment will be ($125,000 - $651.04) x (6.25% + 3% / 12) / 12 = $654.48
c. The final month's payment will be ($125,000 - $651.04 - $654.48 - ... - $1,218.82) x (6.25% + 3% x 10 / 12) / 12 = $1,218.82
d. The total interest paid over the life of the loan will be ($651.04 + $654.48 + ... + $1,218.82) - $125,000 = $30,906.86
Therefore, under the graduated repayment plan, your friend will pay $651.04 for the first month, $654.48 for the second month, $1,218.82 for the final month, and a total of $30,906.86 in interest over the life of the loan.
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Banyan Co.’s common stock currently sells for $37.25 per share. The growth rate is a constant 6%, and the company has an expected dividend yield of 5%. The expected long-run dividend payout ratio is 40%, and the expected return on equity (ROE) is 10.0%. New stock can be sold to the public at the current price, but a flotation cost of 10% would be incurred. What would be the cost of new equity? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
The cost of new equity can be calculated using the following formula:
Cost of new equity = (Expected dividend / Net proceeds) + Growth rate
Where:
- Expected dividend = Expected dividend yield * Current stock price
- Net proceeds = Current stock price - Flotation cost
Plugging in the given values:
- Expected dividend = 5% * $37.25 = $1.86
- Net proceeds = $37.25 - (10% * $37.25) = $33.53
Cost of new equity = ($1.86 / $33.53) + 6% = 11.55%
Therefore, the cost of new equity for Banyan Co. is 11.55%.
Answer: \boxed{11.55}.
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Given: Selling price per unit, $48; total fixed expenses, $106,000; variable expenses per unit,
$36. Assume that variable expenses are reduced by 25% per unit, and the total fixed expenses are
increased by 15%. Find the sales in units to achieve a profit of $23,000, assuming no change in
selling price
The sales in units to achieve a profit of $23,000, assuming no change in selling price, is 346 units.
The sales in units to achieve a profit of $23,000, assuming no change in selling price, can be calculated by using the following equation:
Profit = Sales (units) x (Selling Price - Variable Expenses - Fixed Expenses)
In this case, $23,000 = S x ($48 - $36 - $106,000)
Substituting the given values and reducing the variable expenses by 25%, we have:
$23,000 = S x ($48 - (0.75 * $36) - (1.15 * $106,000))
Simplifying the equation, we get:
$23,000 = S x (-$67,000)
Solving for S, we get:
S = 346 units
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Reynolds Construction (RC) needs a piece of equipment that costs $165,000. The equipment has an economic life of 3 years and no residual value. The equipment will not require maintenance because its useful life is so short. RC can borrow the full cost of the equipment at an interest rate of 7% with payments due at the end of the year. Alternatively, RC can lease the equipment for $60,000 with payments due at the end of the year. Assume RC chooses the lease, which is a finance lease for financial reporting purposes. Answer the following questions.
a. What is the initial lease liability that must be reported on the balance sheet? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. Enter your answer as a positive value.
$ __________
b. What is the initial right-of-use asset? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
$ __________
c. What will RC report as an interest expense at Year 1? Round your answer to the nearest cent. Enter your answer as a positive value.
$ __________
d. What will RC report as an amortization expense at Year 1? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. Enter your answer as a positive value.
$ ___________
e. What will RC report as the lease liability at Year 1? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. Enter your answer as a positive value.
$ ___________
f. What will RC report as the right-of-use asset at Year 1? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
$ ___________
A) the initial lease liability that must be reported on the balance sheet is :$158,025.23.
B) initial right-of-use asset is: $158,025.23
C) RC will report an interest expense of $11,061.77 at Year 1.
D) RC will report an amortization expense of $52,675.08 at Year 1.
E) RC will report a lease liability of $109,087.00 at Year 1.
F) RC will report a right-of-use asset of $105,350.15 at Year 1.
What is the justification for the above response?a. The initial lease liability that must be reported on the balance sheet is the present value of lease payments discounted at the incremental borrowing rate, which is 7%. Using the present value of an ordinary annuity formula with n=3 and i=7%, we have:
PV = $60,000 x (1 - 1/(1+7%)^3)/7% = $158,025.23
Therefore, the initial lease liability is $158,025.23.
b. The initial right-of-use asset is the initial lease liability plus any initial direct costs. Since there are no initial direct costs, the initial right-of-use asset is:
$158,025.23 + $0 = $158,025.23
c. The interest expense at Year 1 is the interest on the lease liability at the beginning of the year. Using the beginning lease liability of $158,025.23 and the interest rate of 7%, we have:
Interest expense = $158,025.23 x 7% = $11,061.77
Therefore, RC will report an interest expense of $11,061.77 at Year 1.
d. The amortization expense at Year 1 is the depreciation of the right-of-use asset over the lease term. Since the lease term is 3 years and the right-of-use asset has an initial value of $158,025.23, the annual amortization expense is:
Amortization expense = $158,025.23 / 3 = $52,675.08
Therefore, RC will report an amortization expense of $52,675.08 at Year 1.
e. The lease liability at Year 1 is the beginning lease liability minus the lease payments made during the year plus the interest on the lease liability for the year. Using the beginning lease liability of $158,025.23, the lease payments of $60,000, and the interest expense of $11,061.77, we have:
Lease liability = $158,025.23 - $60,000 + $11,061.77 = $109,087.00
Therefore, RC will report a lease liability of $109,087.00 at Year 1.
f. The right-of-use asset at Year 1 is the beginning right-of-use asset minus the amortization expense for the year. Using the beginning right-of-use asset of $158,025.23 and the amortization expense of $52,675.08, we have:
Right-of-use asset = $158,025.23 - $52,675.08
= $105,350.15
Therefore, RC will report a right-of-use asset of $105,350.15 at Year 1.
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QUESTIONS 1 An entity enters into a finance lease to lease an ocean liner. The ocean liner's fair value is RM40 million and the lease rentals are payable monthly over the lease term of five years. The present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease is RM38.5 million, and the unguaranteed residual value of the ocean liner is estimated at RM5 million. Required: Discuss the accounting treatment of the lease in the financial statements of the lessee.
The lessee will recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the inception of the lease.
The right-of-use asset will be measured at the present value of the minimum lease payments, which is RM38.5 million. The lease liability will also be measured at the present value of the minimum lease payments.
The lessee will recognize depreciation expense on the right-of-use asset and interest expense on the lease liability over the lease term.
The depreciation expense will be calculated based on the cost of the right-of-use asset, which is RM38.5 million, and the estimated useful life of the ocean liner, which is five years. The interest expense will be calculated based on the lease liability and the implicit interest rate in the lease.
At the end of the lease term, the lessee will derecognize the right-of-use asset and the lease liability. If the unguaranteed residual value of the ocean liner is different from the estimated amount, the lessee will recognize a gain or loss in the income statement.
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ISTP-T
create a paragraph connect to your personalities
People with the ISTP-T personality type are often viewed as independent, analytical, and practical. They are known for their ability to take on challenging tasks and solve complex problems. They often prefer to work individually or in small groups and are usually very good at assessing situations, breaking them down into smaller pieces, and then coming up with creative solutions. In addition to their analytical and creative abilities, ISTP-T personalities are often seen as being brave, adventurous, and confident. They are often willing to take risks and have a strong sense of self-reliance. People with this personality type are often very good at adapting to new situations and can handle change quite well.
An 8-year bond paying 6% coupon is currently trading at $833.96.What yield is the market demanding at this price?8%9%10%11%12%
The yield that the market is demanding at this price is C: 10%.
To calculate the yield, we can use the formula for bond price:
Bond Price = C × (1 - (1 + YTM)^(-N)) / YTM + F / (1 + YTM)^N
Where:
C = coupon payment
YTM = yield to maturity
N = number of years to maturity
F = face value
Plugging in the given values:
$833.96 = $60 × (1 - (1 + YTM)^(-8)) / YTM + $1000 / (1 + YTM)^8
Solving for YTM using trial and error or a financial calculator, we get YTM = 0.10, or 10%.
Therefore, the market is demanding a yield of 10% at this price.
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Sage Hill Limited is a private company that follows ASPE. It is authorized to issue an unlimited number of both common and $5 cumulative preferred shares. On December 31, 2021, there were 39,500 common and 1,400 preferred shares issued. The common shares had been issued at an average per share amount of $10; the preferred shares at $105. The balance in the Retained Earnings account on January 1, 2021, was $292,500. During 2021, the company had profit of $130,000 and declared a total of $77,000 of dividends, of which $61,000 was paid during the year.
The shareholders' equity of Sage Hill Limited on December 31, 2021, is $887,500.
The shareholders' equity of Sage Hill Limited can be calculated by adding the value of the common shares, preferred shares, and retained earnings. The value of the common shares is the number of common shares issued multiplied by the average per share amount.
The value of the preferred shares is the number of preferred shares issued multiplied by the per share amount. The retained earnings is the balance in the Retained Earnings account on January 1, 2021, plus the profit for the year, minus the dividends declared.
The value of the common shares is 39,500 common shares x $10 per share = $395,000
The value of the preferred shares is 1,400 preferred shares x $105 per share = $147,000
The retained earnings is $292,500 + $130,000 - $77,000 = $345,500
The shareholders' equity of Sage Hill Limited is $395,000 + $147,000 + $345,500 = $887,500
Therefore, the shareholders' equity of Sage Hill Limited on December 31, 2021, is $887,500.
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You are required in this assignment to think of TWO companies, in the same field, and make a comparison by listing the marketing mix (4 P's) of both companies: Complete the following information as follows: • Product: Most selling product(s) and brief description about it - could be a physical good, services, consulting, etc. • Price: How much does the company charge for the selected product. • Place: Where is the product distributed and made available for the consumer (you can think of an example of any distributor and a brief description about it). • Promotion: How do customers find out about the selected product? What promotional strategies does the company use, and are they effective? Note: You can answer in a paragraph form, bullet points or in a table form.
When comparing two companies in the same field, it is useful to consider their marketing mix, or 4 P's: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. The two companies that I have chosen for this comparison are Nike and Adidas, both of which are in the field of athletic apparel and footwear.
Nike:
• Product: The most selling product for Nike is their Air Jordan line of shoes, which are designed for basketball players and feature innovative technology for comfort and performance.
• Price: The average price for a pair of Air Jordans is around $190.
• Place: Nike products are distributed through a variety of channels, including their own retail stores, online platforms, and authorized dealers such as Foot Locker and Finish Line.
• Promotion: Nike uses a variety of promotional strategies, including celebrity endorsements, sponsorships of professional sports teams and athletes, and advertising through television commercials and social media.
Adidas:
• Product: The most selling product for Adidas is their Ultra Boost line of shoes, which are designed for runners and feature responsive cushioning technology.
• Price: The average price for a pair of Ultra Boost shoes is around $180.
• Place: Adidas products are distributed through a variety of channels, including their own retail stores, online platforms, and authorized dealers such as Foot Locker and Finish Line.
• Promotion: Adidas uses a variety of promotional strategies, including celebrity endorsements, sponsorships of professional sports teams and athletes, and advertising through television commercials and social media.
Overall, both Nike and Adidas have a strong marketing mix that includes innovative products, competitive pricing, wide distribution channels, and effective promotional strategies. However, Nike's Air Jordan line has a slightly higher price point than Adidas' Ultra Boost line, and Nike also has a larger presence in the basketball market, while Adidas is more focused on the running market.
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(a) Your company is offering a new highly branded perfume in the market targeting both males
and females. Present detail strategies for any THREE (3) promotional tools suitable for it.
(15 marks)(b) Based on the above question, provide your justification towards any TWO (2) of the chosen
tools. Evaluate the effectiveness of both tools in attracting customers to try it.
(10 marks)
(a) The promotional tools suitable for a highly branded perfume are televisions ads, social media, and print ads. (b) Television ads are effective in reaching customers through wide audience. Social media platforms are effective in reaching customers through targeted campaigns.
(a) The three promotional tools suitable for a highly branded perfume in the market targeting both males and females are:
1. Television Ads: Television ads have the potential to reach a wide audience, helping to build brand awareness quickly.
2. Social Media: Utilizing social media platforms are an effective way to reach customers. These platforms can be used to create campaigns that can target users based on age, location, and interests.
3. Print Ads: Print ads in newspapers, magazines, and other publications are still an effective way to reach potential customers.
(b) 1. Television Ads: Television ads are an effective way to reach customers, both male and female, as they have the potential to reach a wide audience. They can help build brand awareness quickly and can be used to show off the unique features of the product.
Evaluation: Television ads are effective in attracting customers to try the product as they are visual and can make an emotional connection with viewers.
2. Social Media: Social media platforms are an effective way to reach customers, both male and female, as they allow for targeted campaigns to reach users with the specific features of the product.
Evaluation: Social media campaigns can be effective in attracting customers to try the product as they can be tailored to reach users with the unique features of the product and allow for easy sharing among friends and family.
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7. Callie owns and operates Callie’s Creative Coaching (3C), a sole proprietorship. 3C sponsors a 401(k)/ profit-sharing plan. Callie had net income of $210,000 and paid self-employment taxes of $20,000 (assumed) during the year. Assuming Callie is over the age of 50, what is the maximum amount that Callie and her company can contribute on her behalf to the plan for 2021? a. $26,000. b. $58,000. c. $64,500. d. $66,000
Option B.The maximum amount that Callie and her company can contribute on her behalf to the plan for 2021 is $58,000.
This is because the maximum contribution limit for a 401(k) plan for individuals over the age of 50 in 2021 is $26,000. This includes the standard contribution limit of $19,500 plus an additional catch-up contribution of $6,500 for individuals over the age of 50.
In addition, the maximum contribution limit for a profit-sharing plan in 2021 is $58,000 or 25% of an employee's compensation, whichever is less.
Since Callie is both the owner and the employee of her sole proprietorship, she can contribute the maximum amount for both the 401(k) and the profit-sharing plan, which is $58,000.
Therefore, the correct answer is b. $58,000.
Note: The self-employment taxes paid by Callie do not affect the maximum contribution limit for the 401(k)/profit-sharing plan.
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Question 1 (20 marks) Consider the following transportation tableau with three origins and three destinations. To From Windhoek Gobabis Walvis Bay Supply Rundu 4 10 6 100 Oshakati 8 16 6 300 Katima Mulilo 14 18 10 300 Demand 200 300 200 Required Marks Sub total Total Use the Vogel Approximation method (VAM) to find an initial feasible solution? 20 20 To
The total cost of this solution is (4*0) + (10*0) + (6*100) + (8*100) + (16*0) + (6*200) + (14*200) + (18*100) + (10*0) = 4600.
The Vogel Approximation Method (VAM) is a method used to find an initial feasible solution for a transportation problem. It involves finding the difference between the two smallest costs in each row and column and then assigning as much as possible to the cell with the smallest difference. This process is repeated until all supply and demand values are met.
Step 1: Find the difference between the two smallest costs in each row and column.
| | Windhoek | Gobabis | Walvis Bay | Supply | Difference |
|----|----------|---------|------------|--------|------------|
|Rundu| 4 | 10 | 6 | 100 | 2 |
|Oshakati| 8 | 16 | 6 | 300 | 2 |
|Katima Mulilo| 14 | 18 | 10 | 300 | 4 |
|Demand| 200 | 300 | 200 | | |
|Difference| 4 | 6 | 0 | | |
Step 2: Assign as much as possible to the cell with the smallest difference. In this case, the cell with the smallest difference is the one in the Walvis Bay column. We can assign 100 units to the Rundu-Walvis Bay cell and 200 units to the Oshakati-Walvis Bay cell.
| | Windhoek | Gobabis | Walvis Bay | Supply | Difference |
|----|----------|---------|------------|--------|------------|
|Rundu| 4 | 10 | 100 | 0 | 2 |
|Oshakati| 8 | 16 | 200 | 100 | 2 |
|Katima Mulilo| 14 | 18 | 10 | 300 | 4 |
|Demand| 200 | 300 | 0 | | |
|Difference| 4 | 6 | 0 | | |
Step 3: Repeat the process until all supply and demand values are met. We can assign 100 units to the Oshakati-Windhoek cell, 200 units to the Katima Mulilo-Windhoek cell, and 100 units to the Katima Mulilo-Gobabis cell.
| | Windhoek | Gobabis | Walvis Bay | Supply | Difference |
|----|----------|---------|------------|--------|------------|
|Rundu| 4 | 10 | 100 | 0 | 2 |
|Oshakati| 100 | 16 | 200 | 0 | 2 |
|Katima Mulilo| 200 | 100 | 10 | 0 | 4 |
|Demand| 0 | 200 | 0 | | |
|Difference| 4 | 6 | 0 | | |
The initial feasible solution is:
| | Windhoek | Gobabis | Walvis Bay | Supply |
|----|----------|---------|------------|--------|
|Rundu| 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|Oshakati| 100 | 0 | 200 | 0 |
|Katima Mulilo| 200 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
|Demand| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
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Capital One CaseBackground:In this case, we will be talking about ice cream. This case is not about financial services.A lot of problems we deal with on the daily basis are broader than banking.You are president and CEO for our ice cream corporation. There is a Chief FinancialOfficer (CFO) and Chief Operating Officer (COO), but you determine the businessbecause you own the product and sales. By owning the product, we mean for examplethat you have chocolate and vanilla, but you could also add swirl. Keep in mind that icecream flavors are well established. Our ice cream is non-perishableYour job as sales is to maximize profit, not only the amount of ice cream you sell. Youare also responsible of setting up prices.We are already a leading domestic supplier. We’re in every market, and not looking toadd any. We know the competition is fierce but defined: there are national and regionalplayers. We are not expecting any new entrance into the market or innovation. Juststeady competition. Pricing is the one factor we can control, we are not looking to enterany new markets, and we know the competition’s going to make up their minds.Problem:What are the key factors you would take into consideration as you build strategies togrow profits for this company?Consider:- Number and size of markets- Number and size of competitors- How would competition react if there is any change?- Role of pricing- What would happen if price changed?- How would competitors react with your new profit growth strategy?- What risk should consider and how would you mitigate them?- Are there any other factors you could think of in the long run?Important information:Price = $5 dollars per cartonCost = $1 dollars per carton (Fixed price is neglected = $0)Assume you sell 100 cartons each month.Elasticity of demand is -4.
As president and CEO of an ice cream corporation, there are several key factors you should consider as you build strategies to grow profits. Price and cost are two important considerations when setting up strategies. When pricing, it is important to consider the sensitivity of customers to changes in price.
The number and size of markets and competitors should be taken into account, as well as the role of pricing and how the competition will react to any changes. Additionally, it is important to consider the elasticity of demand and the risk associated with any strategies and how you can mitigate those risks.
In this case, price is $5 dollars per carton, and cost is $1 dollar per carton. Assuming you sell 100 cartons each month, the elasticity of demand is -4.
It is also important to think about any long-term factors you can use to grow profits. You should consider the quality of your product, the strength of your brand, and the effectiveness of your marketing and advertising campaigns. Additionally, you should take into account any possible innovations in the market, as well as potential new entrants that could affect your profits.
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(b) Using relevant examples, elaborate THREE (3) types of defect that can lead to a product liability claim. (15 Marks)
There are three primary types of defects that can lead to a product liability claim. These include manufacturing defects, design defects, and failure to provide adequate warnings or instructions.
Manufacturing Defects: Manufacturing defects occur when there is a problem with the way a product was made or assembled. Examples of this type of defect include a piece of clothing that rips during normal wear due to a flawed seam, or a set of kitchen knives that have sharp edges which cause lacerations during use.
Design Defects: Design defects occur when a product is inherently unsafe, due to a flaw in the design. This means that the product is unsafe even when it is manufactured correctly. Examples of design defects include a car with a defective steering system, or a pressure cooker with an inadequate locking mechanism.
Failure to Provide Adequate Warnings or Instructions: Products that are safe to use when used as intended must come with warnings or instructions to make sure consumers use them correctly and do not put themselves in danger.
Examples of this type of defect include a medication that does not list potential side effects, or a child's toy that does not warn about potential choking hazards.
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2. Nixon Limited manufactures and sells a single product. The following data have been extracted from the current year budget.Selling Price £50/unitVariable Cost £10/unitBudgeted Weekly Sales 2,000 unitsWeekly Profit £72,000Total weekly fixed cost £8,000Required:1. Calculate weekly sales units to generate the profit of £52,000?2. Calculate break even sales units?3. Calculate margin of safety?
1 - The weekly sales units to generate the profit of £52,000 are 1,500 units.
2 - The break-even sales units are 200 units
3- The margin of safety is 1,800 units.
1. To calculate the weekly sales units to generate the profit of £52,000, we need to use the following formula:
Profit = Total Revenue - Total Cost
Profit = (Selling Price x Sales Units) - (Variable Cost x Sales Units + Fixed Cost)
£52,000 = (£50 x Sales Units) - (£10 x Sales Units + £8,000)
£52,000 + £8,000 = £40 x Sales Units
£60,000 = £40 x Sales Units
Sales Units = £60,000 / £40
Sales Units = 1,500 units.
Therefore, the weekly sales units to generate the profit of £52,000 are 1,500 units.
2. To calculate the break-even sales units, we need to use the following formula:
Break Even Sales Units = Fixed Cost / (Selling Price - Variable Cost)
Break Even Sales Units = £8,000 / (£50 - £10)
Break Even Sales Units = £8,000 / £40
Break Even Sales Units = 200 units
Therefore, the break-even sales units are 200 units.
3. To calculate the margin of safety, we need to use the following formula:
Margin of Safety = Budgeted Sales Units - Break Even Sales Units
Margin of Safety = 2,000 units - 200 units
Margin of Safety = 1,800 units
Therefore, the margin of safety is 1,800 units.
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Goldman Sachs and other investment firms are examples of: a.
Primary markets. b. Bond markets. c. Commodity markets. d.
Secondary Markets.
Goldman Sachs and other investment firms are examples of secondary Markets.
The correct answer is d. Secondary Markets.
Goldman Sachs and other investment firms are examples of secondary markets. A secondary market is a marketplace where previously issued securities, such as stocks and bonds, are traded among investors. These markets are important because they provide liquidity, meaning that investors can easily buy and sell securities.
Primary markets, on the other hand, are where new securities are issued and sold to the public for the first time. Bond markets are where bonds, which are a type of debt security, are traded. Commodity markets are where commodities, such as agricultural products and natural resources, are traded.
Goldman Sachs and other investment firms are examples of secondary markets, where previously issued securities are traded among investors.
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30. according to the cash flow cycle. and other things being
equal you want to---the "time in inventory"
1. increase
2. measure
3. enhance
4. reduce
According to the cash flow cycle, and other things being equal, you want to reduce the "time in inventory".
This is because the longer inventory sits on the shelves, the more money is tied up in it and the less cash flow there is for the business. By reducing the time in inventory, a business can increase its cash flow and have more money available for other expenses and investments.
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Suppose you bought a bond with a coupon rate of 7.9 percent one year ago for $902. The bond sells for $936 today.
Required:
(a) Assuming a $1,000 face value, what was your total dollar return on this investment over the past year?
Total dollar return $
(b) What was your total nominal rate of return on this investment over the past year? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percentage rounded to 2 decimal places (e.g., 32.16).)
Total nominal rate of return %
(c) If the inflation rate last year was 4.4 percent, what was your total real rate of return on this investment? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percentage rounded to 2 decimal places (e.g., 32.16).)
Total real rate of return %
(a) The total dollar return on this investment over the past year is $113
(b) The total nominal rate of return on this investment over the past year is 12.53%
(c) The total real rate of return on this investment is 7.78%
(a) The total dollar return on this investment over the past year can be calculated as follows:
Total dollar return = (Selling price - Purchase price) + Coupon payment
Total dollar return = ($936 - $902) + ($1,000 x 7.9%)
Total dollar return = $34 + $79
Total dollar return = $113
(b) The total nominal rate of return on this investment over the past year can be calculated as follows:
Total nominal rate of return = (Total dollar return / Purchase price) x 100%
Total nominal rate of return = ($113 / $902) x 100%
Total nominal rate of return = 12.53%
(c) The total real rate of return on this investment can be calculated as follows:
Total real rate of return = [(1 + Total nominal rate of return) / (1 + Inflation rate)] - 1
Total real rate of return = [(1 + 12.53%) / (1 + 4.4%)] - 1
Total real rate of return = 7.78%
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Board ""roles"" generally include all the following except:LeadershipAdvisorLawyerAccountantCorporate social responsibility (CSR) primarily includes each of the following except:Ethical responsibilitiesLegal responsibilitiesEconomic responsibilitiesEcological responsibilities
Board "roles" generally include all the following except: Lawyer. Board members typically have leadership, advisory, and financial responsibilities, but they do not usually serve as lawyers for the organization. That role is typically filled by outside legal counsel.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) primarily includes each of the following except: Economic responsibilities. CSR generally focuses on ethical, legal, and ecological responsibilities. While economic responsibilities are important for any organization, they are not typically considered a part of CSR.The Board of Directors supervises and controls the management and operations of the company. The duty of the Board is to promote the interests of shareholders and the Group by overseeing the administration and proper organization of operations.
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Clown Around, Inc., provides party entertainment for children of all ages. The following is the
company’s trial balance dated February 1, current year.
CLOWN AROUND, INC.
TRIAL BALANCE
FEBRUARY 1, CURRENT YEAR
Cash
$3,420
Accounts receivable
1,080
Accounts payable
$ 960
Capital stock
2,400
Retained earnings
900
Dividends
________
Party revenue
1,620
Salaries expense
996
Party food expense
28
Travel expense
96
$5,880 $5,880
Clown Around engaged in the following transactions in February.
Feb. 2 Paid $900 in partial settlement of the outstanding account payable reported in the trial
balance dated February 1.
Feb. 6 Collected $1,080 in full settlement of the outstanding accounts receivable reported in
the trial balance dated February 1.
Feb. 18 Billed Sunflower Child Care $210 for clown services. The entire amount is due March 15.
Feb. 26 Billed and collected $576 for performing at several birthday parties.
Feb. 28 Paid clown salaries of $312 for work done in February.
Feb. 28 Recorded and paid $48 for travel expenses incurred in February.
Feb. 28 Declared and paid a $120 dividend to Ralph Jaschob, the company’s only shareholder.
a. Record the company’s February transactions in general journal form. Include a brief explanation
of the transaction as part of each journal entry.
b. Post each entry to the appropriate ledger accounts (use the T account format as illustrated in
Exhibit 3–8).
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140 Chapter 3 The Accounting Cycle: Capturing Economic Events
c. Prepare a trial balance dated February 28, current year. (Hint: Retained Earnings will be
reported at the same amount as it was on February 1. Accounting for changes in the Retained
Earnings account resulting from revenue, expense, and dividend activities is discussed in
Chapter 5.)
d. Will the $120 dividend paid on February 28 decrease the company’s income? Explain.
A. The transactions are in journal form.
B. The ledger accounts are given in details.
C. A trial balance dated February 28 is $7,042 $7,042
D. No. The $120 dividend paid on February 28 decrease the company’s income.
a.
Feb. 2: Debit Accounts Payable $900, Credit Cash $900 (partial settlement of outstanding accounts payable)
Feb. 6: Debit Cash $1,080, Credit Accounts Receivable $1,080 (full settlement of outstanding accounts receivable)
Feb. 18: Debit Accounts Receivable $210, Credit Party Revenue $210 (clown services billed to Sunflower Child Care)
Feb. 26: Debit Party Revenue $576, Credit Cash $576 (payment for performing at birthday parties)
Feb. 28: Debit Salaries Expense $312, Credit Cash $312 (payment for clown salaries)
Feb. 28: Debit Travel Expense $48, Credit Cash $48 (payment for travel expenses)
Feb. 28: Debit Cash $120, Credit Dividends $120 (payment of dividends to shareholder)
b.
Cash:
Debit: $3,420 + 1,080 + 576 + 312 + 48 = $5,436
Credit: $900 + 1,080 = $1,980
Accounts Receivable:
Debit: $1,080
Credit: $210 + 1,080 = $1,290
Accounts Payable:
Debit: $960
Credit: $900 = $60
Capital Stock:
Debit: $2,400
Credit: $0
Retained Earnings:
Debit: $900
Credit: $0
Dividends:
Debit: $120
Credit: $120
Party Revenue:
Debit: $1,620
Credit: $576 + 210 = $786
Salaries Expense:
Debit: $996
Credit: $312 = $684
Party Food Expense:
Debit: $28
Credit: $0
Travel Expense:
Debit: $96
Credit: $48 = $48
c. CLOWN AROUND, INC.
TRIAL BALANCE
FEBRUARY 28, CURRENT YEAR
Cash- $5,436
Accounts receivable- 1,290
Accounts payable- $60
Capital stock- 2,400
Retained earnings- 900
Dividends- 120
Party revenue- 2,406
Salaries expense- 996
Party food expense- 28
Travel expense- 96
$7,042 $7,042
d. No, the $120 dividend paid on February 28 does not decrease the company's income. Dividends are distributions of a company's profits to its shareholders and do not affect the company's net income.
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