1. Explain the difference between experiencing disfluencies during a stressful speaking
situation (e.g., a classroom presentation) and stuttering.
2. How is incidence different from prevalence, and why is that difference important in the
case of stuttering?
3. Distinguish between core behaviors and secondary behaviors of stuttering,
4. Why is it important to consider emotions and attitudes in relation to stuttering?
5. What should a speech-language pathologist consider when evaluating a child who is
culturally and linguistically diverse?
6. When preparing for a stuttering assessment, what should a speech-language patholo-
gist include?
7.
Compare
therapy.
and contrast stuttering modification versus fluency shaping approaches to

Answer:

1. Disfluencies are differences in speaking based on different conditions. They come from stress, nervousness, fatigue, etc. Stuttering is when the person knows what they want to say but cannot find the correct flow of speech to say it.

2. Incidence is the proportions as to when a person develops a condition at a certain time. Prevalence is the proportions as to when the person has a condition in a certain time period. the prevalence of stuttering was around .72% while the incidence was 5 to 8% in children.

3. Core behaviors of stuttering are when the speech itself is being affected like the repetition of certain names and syllables. Secondary behaviors are the movements in the body that can be observed.

4.

When the valve between the right atrium and right
ventricle has an abnormal narrowing, this is known as

What antibiotics could cause discoloration of teeth in young children