0.487 grams of quinine (molar mass = 324 g/mol) is combusted and found to produce
1.321 g CO2, 0.325 g H2O and 0.0421 g nitrogen. Determine the empirical and molecular
formulas.

Answers

Answer 1

The empirical and molecular formulas of the quinine would be C40H48N and C23H27N respectively.

Empirical and molecular formulas

To determine the empirical formula, we need to find the mole ratios of each element in the compound.

First, let's calculate the number of moles of each product:

moles of CO2 = 1.321 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.0300 molmoles of H2O = 0.325 g / 18.015 g/mol = 0.0180 molmoles of N2 = 0.0421 g / 28.01 g/mol = 0.00150 mol

Next, let's find the number of moles of each element:

moles of C = moles of CO2 = 0.0300 molmoles of H = 2 x moles of H2O = 0.0360 molmoles of N = 0.5 x moles of N2 = 0.00075 mol

Now, we can find the empirical formula by dividing each mole value by the smallest mole value:

C: 0.0300 mol / 0.00075 mol = 40H: 0.0360 mol / 0.00075 mol = 48N: 0.00075 mol / 0.00075 mol = 1

The empirical formula is C40H48N.

To find the molecular formula, we need to determine the molecular mass of the compound. The empirical formula mass is:

Empirical formula mass = (40 x 12.01 g/mol) + (48 x 1.01 g/mol) + (1 x 14.01 g/mol) = 549.88 g/mol

Molecular formula factor = 324 g/mol / 549.88 g/mol = 0.5899

Molecular formula = 0.5899 x (C40H48N) = C23H27N

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Related Questions

The total enzyme concentration is [Et]=________ nM, if [S]=6mM, Vo=480 nM/min, Km = 4
uM, and the catalytic rate constant (kcat) of the enzyme is 20. min-1

Answers

The total enzyme concentration [Et] is 6 nM.

Enzyme concentration is the amount of an enzyme present in a given solution. The concentration of enzymes can have an effect on the rate of reaction. If the concentration of enzymes is higher, the rate of reaction will be faster, and if the concentration of enzymes is lower, the rate of reaction will be slower.Enzyme concentration is important because it can affect the outcome of a reaction, and therefore, it must be carefully monitored.

The total enzyme concentration [Et] can be calculated using the Michaelis-Menten equation, which states that[tex]Vo= [Et] * kcat * (\frac{[S]}{Km} + [S])[/tex]

Plugging in the given values, we get:

[tex]480 nM/min = [Et] * 20 min^{-1}* (\frac{6mM}{4uM} + 6mM)[/tex]

Solving for [Et], we get:

[Et] = 6 nM

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At what temperature can you fully dissolve 140g of NaNO3?

Answers

Answer: The solubility of NaNO3 (sodium nitrate) in water increases as temperature increases. Therefore, we need to know the solubility of NaNO3 at different temperatures to determine the temperature at which 140 g of NaNO3 can be fully dissolved in water.

According to the solubility curve for NaNO3, the maximum solubility of NaNO3 in water is approximately 88 g per 100 g of water at 80°C. This means that at 80°C, we can dissolve 88 g of NaNO3 in 100 g of water to make a saturated solution.

To fully dissolve 140 g of NaNO3, we need to dissolve it in a sufficient amount of water that can dissolve at least 140 g of NaNO3. Using a proportion, we can calculate the amount of water required to dissolve 140 g of NaNO3 at 80°C:

88 g NaNO3 / 100 g water = 140 g NaNO3 / x g water

Solving for x, we get:

x = 159.1 g water

This means that at 80°C, we need to dissolve 140 g of NaNO3 in at least 159.1 g of water to make a saturated solution, in which all of the NaNO3 will be dissolved.

Therefore, the temperature at which 140 g of NaNO3 can be fully dissolved in water is approximately 80°C.

Explanation:

A particular form of electromagnetic radiation has a frequency of 6.24 × 1014 Hz.
What is its wavelength in nanometers? In meters? Enter your answers in scientific notation.

Answers

ANSWER

The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 2.998 × 10^8 meters per second.

We can use the equation c = λf, where c is the speed of light, λ is the wavelength, and f is the frequency.

First, let's convert the frequency to hertz:

6.24 × 10^14 Hz

Next, we can solve for the wavelength in meters:

c = λf

λ = c / f

λ = (2.998 × 10^8 m/s) / (6.24 × 10^14 Hz)

λ ≈ 4.81 × 10^-7 meters (in scientific notation)

To convert meters to nanometers, we can multiply by 10^9:

λ = 4.81 × 10^-7 meters

λ = 4.81 × 10^2 nanometers (in scientific notation)

So the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 6.24 × 10^14 Hz is approximately 4.81 × 10^-7 meters or 4.81 × 10^2 nanometers.

What is the molarity (M) of a solution made by dissolving 75 g of Epsom salt (MgSO,) in 2.3 Liters of solution?
SHOW WORK​

Answers

The molarity of a solution made by dissolving 75 g of Epsom salt in 2.3 liters of solution would be 0.27 M.

Molarity calculation

The first step in calculating the molarity of the solution is to determine the number of moles of MgSO4 dissolved in 2.3 liters of solution.

The molar mass of MgSO4 is:

24.31 g/mol (for Mg) + 32.06 g/mol (for S) + 4x16.00 g/mol (for 4 O) = 120.37 g/mol

The number of moles of MgSO4 can be calculated using the formula:

moles = mass / molar mass

moles = 75 g / 120.37 g/mol = 0.623 moles

Next, we need to calculate the molarity (M) of the solution, which is defined as the number of moles of solute (MgSO4) per liter of solution:

Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution

Molarity = 0.623 moles / 2.3 L = 0.27 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution made by dissolving 75 g of Epsom salt (MgSO4) in 2.3 Liters of solution is 0.27 M.

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What mass of carbon dioxide is produced from the complete combustion of 8.40x10-3g of methane?

Answers

The mass of carbon dioxide produced from the complete combustion of 8.40x10^-3 g of methane is 0.023 g.

What is mass ?

Mass can be defined as the measure of the amount of matter in a body.

The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of methane (CH4) is:

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

This equation tells us that one mole of methane reacts with two moles of oxygen gas (O2) to produce one mole of carbon dioxide (CO2) and two moles of water (H2O).

We can use the molar mass of methane and the balanced equation to determine the amount of carbon dioxide produced from the given mass of methane.

First, we need to convert the mass of methane to moles:

moles of CH4 = mass / molar mass = 8.40x10^-3 g / 16.04 g/mol = 5.239x10^-4 moles

Next, we can use the balanced equation to find the number of moles of CO2 produced:

1 mole of CH4 produces 1 mole of CO2

So, 5.239x10^-4 moles of CH4 will produce 5.239x10^-4 moles of CO2.

Finally, we can use the molar mass of carbon dioxide to convert moles to grams:

mass of CO2 = moles of CO2 × molar mass of CO2

mass of CO2 = 5.239x10^-4 moles × 44.01 g/mol = 0.023 g

Therefore, the mass of carbon dioxide produced from the complete combustion of 8.40x10^-3 g of methane is 0.023 g.

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0.487 grams of quinine (molar mass = 324 g/mol) is combusted and found to produce
1.321 g CO2, 0.325 g H2O and 0.0421 g nitrogen. Determine the empirical and molecular
formulas.

Answers

molar mass of empirical formula = (20 x 12.01 g/mol) + (24 x 1.01 g/mol) + (1 x 14.01 g/mol) = 324.44 g/mol ratio = 324.44 g/mol / 324 g/mol = 1.001. The molecular formula of quinine is C20H24N.

What is used for quinine?

The active component of cinchona extracts, which have been used for this purpose since before 1633, is utilized as an antimalarial medication. Quinine has been utilized in conventional cold remedies for its use as a mild antipyretic and analgesic.

What drug is quinine?

Plasmodium falciparum malaria is treated with quinine. Malaria is brought on by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which enters the body through the red blood cells. Quinine functions by either eliminating the parasite or halting its growth.

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I've tried so many times and cant get this right

Answers

Answer:

where is the other temperature? so i can help you

how many moles of h3po4 form from 8.0 moles of H2O?

Answers

5.3 moles of H3PO4 form from 8.0 moles of H2O.

What is Moles?

Moles (mol) is a unit of measurement used in chemistry to express amounts of a chemical substance. One mole of a substance is defined as the amount of that substance that contains as many elementary entities (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12, which is Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10²³) of particles.

According to the balanced chemical equation, 1 mol of P4010 reacts with 6 mol of H2O to produce 4 mol of H3PO4. Therefore, we can set up a proportion:

6 mol H2O/1 mol P4010 = 4 mol H3PO4/x mol H2O

Solving for x, we get:

x = (8.0 mol H2O * 4 mol H3PO4) / 6 mol H2O

x = 5.3 mol H3PO4

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can someone balance?


__Fe+__HCl=__FeCl2+__H2

Answers

[tex]Fe +2 HCl[/tex] yields [tex]FeCl_2[/tex] and [tex]H_2[/tex]. One atom of [tex]Fe[/tex] combines with two compounds of [tex]HCl[/tex] to create 1 molecule of [tex]FeCl_2[/tex]  or one molecule of [tex]H_2[/tex], as shown by the equation's balanced form.    [tex]2Fe + 2HCl = 2FeCl_2 + H_2[/tex]

What is the balanced chemical equation?

A mathematical statement known as an equation is created when two expressions are joined by the equal sign. An example is [tex]3x - 5[/tex] 16 in mathematics. By resolving this equation, we may find that the variable x has a value of 7.

[tex]Fe^ +2[/tex]  [tex]HCl[/tex] produces [tex]H_2[/tex] and  [tex]FeCl2.[/tex] According to the equation's balanced version, one atom of Fe reacts with two [tex]HCl[/tex] molecules to make one molecule of [tex]FeCl_2[/tex] or one molecule of  [tex]H_2[/tex].

Therefore, [tex]2Fe + 2HCl = 2FeCl_2 + H_2[/tex] one atom of Fe reacts with two [tex]HCl[/tex] molecules to make one molecule of [tex]FeCl_2[/tex] or one molecule of  [tex]H_2[/tex].

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Determine the quantity of molecules in 2.00 moles of P4

Answers

2 moles of P4 molecule = 2×6. 022×1023

Draw the major product(s) of electrophilic chlorination of m-methoxybenzoic acid.

Answers

Here is your answer. Please mark me as Brainliest if possible! :) You can redraw this.

Answer:

The electrophilic chlorination of m-methoxybenzoic acid can occur at either the meta or para position relative to the methoxy group. However, the reaction is regioselective and favors chlorination at the para position due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the methoxy group. The major product(s) of the reaction would be para-chloro-m-methoxybenzoic acid. The reaction scheme is shown below:


Cl
|
HOOC--CH2--O--C6H4--Cl
|
CH3

In this reaction, the chlorine atom (Cl) acts as an electrophile, attacking the benzene ring and displacing a hydrogen atom at the para position relative to the methoxy group. The resulting intermediate undergoes deprotonation to form the para-chloro-m-methoxybenzoic acid as the major product.

SO4+BaCl2 double replacement

Answers

A double replacement is Na2SO4 (aq) + BaCl2 BaSO4 (s) + 2 NaCl (aq) + 2 NaCl (aq). The reaction Na2SO4 + BaCl2 is endothermic. When barium chloride (BaCl2) and sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) combine, sodium chloride and barium sulphate are formed.

What is the chemical formula for barium chloride's double replacement?

When Sodium sulphate(Na 2 SO 4) interacts with Barium chloride solution (), a white precipitate of Barium sulphate() and Sodium chloride is generated.

When barium chloride is introduced to dilute sulphuric acid, a white precipitate of barium sulphate forms as a result of barium displacement from its chloride, as seen below: BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HCl.

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what is percent yield if 56.9 g of WO3 yields 41.4 g of tungsten

Answers

Answer: 69.9 g  

Explanation:

Determine the overall orders of the reactions to which the following rate laws apply:a.rate=k[NO2]2 b.rate=k c.rate=k[H2][Br2]12 d.rate=k[NO]2[O2]

Answers

a. The rate law rate=k[NO2]^2 indicates that the reaction is second order with respect to NO2.

b. The rate law rate=k indicates that the reaction is zero order with respect to the reactant(s).

c. The rate law rate=k[H2][Br2]^1/2 indicates that the reaction is first order with respect to H2 and half-order with respect to Br2. Therefore, the overall order of the reaction is 1 + 1/2 = 3/2 order.

d. The rate law rate=k[NO]^2[O2] indicates that the reaction is third order overall. The reaction is second order with respect to NO and first order with respect to O2.

The term "rate law" is commonly used to refer to the integrated rate law. K in a rate law is the rate constant, a value specific to each reaction that determines the rate of reaction. Orders in a rate law describe the dependency of the reaction rate on the concentration of each reactant, with each reactant having its own order. The overall reaction order is the sum of the individual orders, which can be determined through experiments.

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50 points
what type of process is this
chemical
physical
nuclear ​

Answers

Answer:

Nucular

Explanation:

When one atom splits into 2, it's nucular

Why would a gas fire not be a plasma?

Answers

A gas fire is not a plasma because it does not meet the conditions required for plasma formation. A plasma is a state of matter where the gas has been ionized, which means that some or all of the atoms in the gas have lost or gained electrons, resulting in positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons coexisting in the gas.

In contrast, a gas fire is typically fueled by the combustion of a hydrocarbon gas (such as methane, propane, or butane) with oxygen in the air. The combustion process produces a flame that emits heat and light, but the gas molecules in the flame are not ionized, so it is not a plasma.

PLEASE HELP ASAP!!

Consider FIVE types of solids:
Ionic (NaCl)
Metallic (Ca)
Covalent Network (Quartz, SiO2)
Polar Molecular (sugar, C6H12O6)
Non-polar molecule

RECALL THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES -> hardness, brittleness, the conductivity of electricity and heat, melting and boiling points, solubility in water, etc.

1. Design an experimental procedure to test these properties with the procedures below.
-> the ones I have so far
- ionic solids -> use NaCl and dissolve in water to test the solubility
- conductivity - by putting the solid under two free ends of the wire
-> solubility - using boiling water for all as ionic solids break into ions & conduct electricity
- brittleness - using a hammer or any other form of stress (if brittle, tends to break under stress)
- hardness - using a hydraulic press/Rockwell testing
- melting/boiling point - add heat to a sample after placing in a beaker or test tube to test

SOME OTHER THINGS WE CAN USE (but I'm unsure as to what we can use it for): a thermal camera

2. WRITE A HYPOTHESIS for ONE TYPE of solid with a brief explanation.

3. Design a Table of Observations for your experiments.

Answers

The tests that can be used to determine the kinds of solids that have been listed are shown below.

What are the solid types?

Here are some tests that can be used to show that a solid is:

Ionic (NaCl):

Solubility test: NaCl is highly soluble in water, and a high degree of solubility can confirm the ionic nature of NaCl.

Conductivity test: In its molten or dissolved state, NaCl conducts electricity due to the presence of charged ions.

Metallic (Ca):

Conductivity test: Metals such as Ca conduct electricity due to the presence of free electrons in their crystal structure.

Ductility and malleability test: Metals are ductile and malleable, and can be easily deformed under pressure.

Covalent Network (Quartz, SiO2):

Hardness test: Covalent network solids such as quartz are extremely hard due to the strong covalent bonds between atoms.

Melting point test: Covalent network solids often have high melting and boiling points due to the strong intermolecular forces between atoms.

Polar Molecular (sugar, C6H12O6):

Solubility test: Polar molecules such as sugar are soluble in polar solvents such as water but insoluble in nonpolar solvents.

Melting and boiling point test: Polar molecular solids have lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic or covalent network solids due to weaker intermolecular forces.

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Ammonia (NH3) chemically reacts with oxygen gas (O2) to produce nitric oxide (NO) and water (H2O). What mass of oxygen gas is consumed by the reaction of 2.0 g of ammonia?

Answers

4.69 g of oxygen gas is consumed by the reaction of 2.0 g of ammonia.

What is Atomic Mass?

Atomic mass is the mass of an atom of a chemical element, expressed in atomic mass units (amu). It is a measure of the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic mass is usually given relative to the mass of a carbon-12 atom, which is assigned a mass of exactly 12 atomic mass units.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O

From the equation, we can see that 4 moles of NH3 reacts with 5 moles of O2. We need to determine how many moles of NH3 we have, and then use the mole ratio to calculate the number of moles of O2 needed.

First, we calculate the number of moles of NH3:

moles of NH3 = mass of NH3 / molar mass of NH3

moles of NH3 = 2.0 g / 17.03 g/mol (molar mass of NH3)

moles of NH3 = 0.1174 mol

Now we use the mole ratio from the balanced chemical equation to calculate the number of moles of O2:

moles of O2 = (5/4) x moles of NH3

moles of O2 = (5/4) x 0.1174 mol

moles of O2 = 0.1468 mol

Finally, we can use the number of moles of O2 to calculate the mass of O2 consumed:

mass of O2 = moles of O2 x molar mass of O2

mass of O2 = 0.1468 mol x 32.00 g/mol (molar mass of O2)

mass of O2 = 4.69 g

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(b) A 10.32g of AlCl3 are allowed to vapourize in 1dm³ vessel at 80°C a pressure of 1.7 x 10 NM2 develops. What is the degree of association into AICI3 into Al2Cl6? ​

Answers

The degree of association of AlCl3 into Al2Cl6 is 0.663. The degree of association of AlCl3 into Al2Cl6 can be determined using the ideal gas law and the van't Hoff factor.

Firstly, we need to calculate the number of moles of AlCl3 present in the vessel using the formula n = m/M, where m is the mass of AlCl3 and M is the molar mass of AlCl3.

n = 10.32g / 133.34 g/mol = 0.0774 mol

Next, we can use the ideal gas law equation PV = nRT to calculate the number of moles of particles in the gas phase. Rearranging this equation, we get:

n = PV/RT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, R is the gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

n = (1.7 x 10 N/m²) x 1 dm³ / (8.31 J/mol/K x 353 K) = 7.55 x 10⁻⁴ mol

The van't Hoff factor (i) is the ratio of the actual number of particles in solution to the number of formula units dissolved. For a completely dissociated compound, the van't Hoff factor is equal to the number of ions produced. In the case of AlCl3, it undergoes a degree of association to form Al2Cl6, so the van't Hoff factor is less than 1.

We can now use the formula i = 1 + (α - 1)β, where α is the degree of association and β is the number of particles in solution per formula unit. For AlCl3, β = 4 (AlCl3 contains one Al and three Cl atoms), and assuming a degree of association of x, we get:

i = 1 + (x - 1) x 4 = 4x - 3

Substituting the values for n and i into the equation n = iC, where C is the concentration in mol/dm³, we get:

7.55 x 10^-4 mol = (4x - 3) C

Solving for x, we get:

x = 0.663

Therefore, the degree of association of AlCl3 into Al2Cl6 is 0.663.

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A natural gas (CH4) furnace leaks into the room which is at one atmospheric
pressure and 18°C. The flammability limits of methane are approximately 0.5 to
1.6. When this room is closed and leak tight, it would take between 38 – 56 hours
to reach flammability range. What would you predict happens when the same
scenario occurs in a home in the mountains of New Mexico where the atmospheric
pressure is 0.89 atm? Explain in terms of combustible range and relative ratios.
b) Where do you expect to find methane “residues” in a room?

Answers

The flammability of natural gas ranges from 5 to 15 percent. This indicates that no combustion would take place in any mixture with a natural gas to air ratio of less than 5% or greater than 15%.

50% LEL methane – what is it?

The lowest concentration of a gas at which combustion can occur is known as the LEL. A reading in%LEL measures the percentage of that LEL value. The LEL, for instance, is 5% by volume for methane. Half of that amount, or 2.5% by volume, is 50% LEL.

How do you determine methane's LEL?

Divide the unknown concentration by the LEL specified in the NFPA Handbook to determine the LEL of any gas in air.

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How many moles of glucose (C,H,O,) are needed to make a 800 ml of a 3.0 M glucose solution? SHOW WORK​

Answers

Answer:

To make an 800 mL solution of 3.0 M glucose (C6H12O6), you would need 2.4 moles of glucose.

Here’s the work: Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution Rearranging the equation to solve for moles of solute: moles of solute = Molarity (M) * liters of solution Since you have 800 mL or 0.8 L of a 3.0 M glucose solution: moles of glucose = 3.0 M * 0.8 L = 2.4 moles.

25 points!! And i’ll give brainliest!
Asap

1.
100 grams of ethanol were dissolved in 2 kg of water.
Calculate the boiling and freezing points of the formed solution.

2.
80 grams of benzoic acid were dissolved in 800 g of water. Calculate the boiling and freezing points of the formed solution.

Answers

The boiling and freezing points of the formed solution would be 100.558 °C and  -2.03 °C respectively.The boiling and freezing points of the solution would be 100.419 °C and  -1.52 °C respectively.

Boiling and freezing points calculation

To solve both problems, we need to use the equations for calculating boiling point elevation and freezing point depression:

Boiling point elevation: ΔTb = Kb x molality

Freezing point depression: ΔTf = Kf x molality

where:

ΔTb is the boiling point elevation or increase in boiling pointΔTf is the freezing point depression or decrease in freezing pointKb is the molal boiling point elevation constant for the solventKf is the molal freezing point depression constant for the solventmolality is the concentration of the solute in mol/kg of solvent

For both problems, we assume that the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent and that the resulting solution is ideal.

First, we need to calculate the molality of the ethanol solution:

molality = moles of solute / mass of solvent in kg

moles of ethanol = 100 g / 46.07 g/mol = 2.17 molmass of water = 2 kg = 2000 gmolality = 2.17 mol / 2 kg = 1.09 mol/kg

Next, we need to find the boiling point elevation and freezing point depression:

ΔTb = Kb x molality

ΔTf = Kf x molality

For water, Kb = 0.512 °C/m and Kf = 1.86 °C/m.

ΔTb = 0.512 °C/m x 1.09 mol/kg = 0.558 °C

ΔTf = 1.86 °C/m x 1.09 mol/kg = 2.03 °C

Therefore, the boiling point of the solution is 100 + 0.558 = 100.558 °C, and the freezing point is 0 - 2.03 = -2.03 °C.

2. First, we need to calculate the molality of the benzoic acid solution:

molality = moles of solute / mass of solvent in kg

moles of benzoic acid = 80 g / 122.12 g/mol = 0.655 molmass of water = 800 g = 0.8 kgmolality = 0.655 mol / 0.8 kg = 0.819 mol/kg

Next, we need to find the boiling point elevation and freezing point depression:

ΔTb = Kb x molality

ΔTf = Kf x molality

For water, Kb = 0.512 °C/m and Kf = 1.86 °C/m.

ΔTb = 0.512 °C/m x 0.819 mol/kg = 0.419 °C

ΔTf = 1.86 °C/m x 0.819 mol/kg = 1.52 °C

Therefore, the boiling point of the solution is 100 + 0.419 = 100.419 °C, and the freezing point is 0 - 1.52 = -1.52 °C.

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A balloon filled with helium has a volume of 18.2 L
at 303 K.
What volume will the balloon occupy at 271 K?

Answers

We can use the combined gas law equation to solve this problem:

(P₁V₁)/T₁ = (P₂V₂)/T₂

Where P is pressure, V is volume and T is temperature.

Assuming the pressure stays constant, we can rewrite the equation as:

(V₁/T₁) = (V₂/T₂)

Substituting the given values, we get:

(V₁/303 K) = (V₂/271 K)

Solving for V₂, we get:

V₂ = (V₁/303 K) x 271 K

V₂ = (18.2 L/303 K) x 271 K

V₂ = 16.28 L

Therefore, the balloon will occupy a volume of 16.28 L at 271 K.


4 grams of a gas at 200 k and 8 atmospheres occupies a volume of 20 liters. use relationships from avogadro's law, boyle's law, charles's law, and the ideal gas law to solve this problem.

Answers

The number of particles in the gas is [tex]4.72 * 10^{24}[/tex], the volume of the gas at 4 atm is 40 L, and the volume of the gas at 300 K is 30 L.

Avogadro's Law: Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles (molecules or atoms).

Boyle's Law: For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other.

Charles's Law: For a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume and temperature are directly proportional to each other.

PV = nRT is the formula for the ideal gas law,

where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of molecules of gas, R is gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin.

Mass of gas (m) = 4 g

Temperature (T) = 200 K

Pressure (P) = 8 atm

Volume (V) = 20 L

First, we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of gas:

n = PV/RT

n = (8 atm * 20 L) / (0.0821 L.atm/mol.K * 200 K)

n = 7.85 moles

Next, we can use Avogadro's Law to find the number of particles (molecules or atoms):

1 mole of gas = [tex]6.02 * 10^23[/tex] particles

7.85 moles of gas =[tex]7.85 * 6.02 * 10^23[/tex]particles

= [tex]4.72 * 10^24[/tex] particles

We can also use Boyle's Law and Charles's Law to find the volume of the gas at different conditions:

Boyle's Law:

[tex]P_1V_1 = P_2V_2[/tex]

If we keep the temperature constant at 200 K, we can use this relationship to find the volume of the gas at a different pressure. Let's say we want to know the volume of the gas at 4 atm:

[tex]P_1[/tex] = 8 atm

[tex]V_1[/tex] = 20 L

[tex]P_2[/tex] = 4 atm

[tex]V_2[/tex]= ?

[tex]P_1V_1 = P_2V_2[/tex]

8 atm x 20 L = 4 atm x [tex]V_2[/tex]

[tex]V_2[/tex] = (8 atm x 20 L) / 4 atm

[tex]V_2[/tex] = 40 L

Charles's Law:

[tex]V1/T1 = V2/T2[/tex]

If we keep the pressure constant at 8 atm, we can use this relationship to find the volume of the gas at a different temperature.

Let's say we want to know the volume of the gas at 300 K:

[tex]V_1[/tex] = 20 L

[tex]T_1[/tex]= 200 K

[tex]V_2[/tex] = ?

[tex]T_2[/tex] = 300 K

[tex]V_1/T_1 = V_2/T_2[/tex]

20 L / 200 K = [tex]V_2[/tex] / 300 K

[tex]V_2[/tex] = (20 L / 200 K) x 300 K

[tex]V_2[/tex] = 30 L

Therefore, the number of particles in the gas is [tex]4.72 * 10^{24}[/tex], the volume of the gas at 4 atm is 40 L, and the volume of the gas at 300 K is 30 L.

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2. Radical chlorination of 2-methylpentane yields a mixture of monochlorinated products. (i) Draw all monochlorinated products resulting from reaction of 2 methylpentane. (ii) Identify the major product. Iii) Show step-wise mechanism for the radical halogenation of the major product. (8) i. mixture of isomers 2-methylPentane

Answers

The chlorine radicals can also react with each other to form chlorine molecules, which terminates the chain reaction.

(i) The monochlorinated products resulting from the reaction of 2-methylpentane are:

1-chloro-2-methylpentane

2-chloro-2-methylpentane

3-chloro-2-methylpentane

(ii) The major product in this reaction is 2-chloro-2-methylpentane.

(iii) The step-wise mechanism for the radical halogenation of 2-chloro-2-methylpentane are:

1. Initiation :- This step involves the homolytic cleavage of the chlorine molecule to form two chlorine radicals.

[tex]Cl^ 2[/tex]→ [tex]2Cl[/tex]·

2.Propagation:-  [tex]Cl[/tex]· + 2-methylpentane → [tex]HCl[/tex] + 2-methylpentyl•

  2-methylpentyl• +[tex]Cl^ 2[/tex] → 2-chloro-2-methylpentyl• + [tex]Cl[/tex]·

The 2-methylpentane molecule reacts with the chlorine radical to form a 2-methylpentyl radical and hydrogen chloride. The 2-methylpentyl radical then reacts with another chlorine molecule to form the 2-chloro-2-methylpentyl radical and another chlorine radical.

3.Termination:- 2-methylpentyl• + [tex]Cl[/tex]· → 2-chloro-2-methylpentane

2-methylpentyl• + 2-methylpentyl• → 2,2-dimethylpentane

[tex]Cl[/tex]· + [tex]Cl[/tex]· → [tex]Cl^ 2[/tex]

The 2-chloro-2-methylpentyl radical reacts with a chlorine radical to form the major product, 2-chloro-2-methylpentane. The 2-methylpentyl radical also reacts with another 2-methylpentyl radical to form 2,2-dimethylpentane.

Finally, the chlorine radicals can also react with each other to form chlorine molecules, which terminates the chain reaction.

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H₂SO₂+2 KOH →→ K₂SO₂ + 2H₂O
A sample of sulfuric acid (H₂SO) is titrated with potassium Hydroxide (KOH) 0.5M. If 300 mL of KOH are required
to completely neutralize a 15.0 mL sample of H₂SO, what is the molar concentration of H₂SO₂?
5 M H₂SO
(magenta)
4.5 M H₂SO4
(red orange)
10 M H₂SO4
(yellow green)

Answers

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between H₂SO₂ and KOH is:

H₂SO₂ + 2KOH → K₂SO₂ + 2H₂O

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of H₂SO₂ reacts with 2 moles of KOH.

Given that 300 mL of 0.5 M KOH are required to neutralize 15.0 mL of H₂SO₂, we can calculate the number of moles of KOH used:

moles of KOH = Molarity × Volume (in liters) = 0.5 × 0.3 = 0.15

Since 2 moles of KOH react with 1 mole of H₂SO₂, the number of moles of H₂SO₂ in the 15.0 mL sample can be calculated as:

moles of H₂SO₂ = 0.15/2 = 0.075

The molar concentration of H₂SO₂ can be calculated as:

Molarity = moles/volume (in liters) = 0.075/(15/1000) = 5 M

Therefore, the molar concentration of H₂SO₂ is 5 M, which is magenta in the given color options.

Answer:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) is:

H₂SO₄ + 2KOH → K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

From the balanced equation, we can see that the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:2, which means that 1 mole of H₂SO₄ reacts with 2 moles of KOH.

Given that 300 mL of 0.5 M KOH is required to completely neutralize a 15.0 mL sample of H₂SO₄, we can use the following equation to determine the molarity of H₂SO₄:

Molarity of H₂SO₄ x Volume of H₂SO₄ = 2 x Molarity of KOH x Volume of KOH

Molarity of H₂SO₄ = (2 x Molarity of KOH x Volume of KOH) / Volume of H₂SO₄

Molarity of H₂SO₄ = (2 x 0.5 M x 0.300 L) / 0.015 L = 20 M

Therefore, the molar concentration of the initial H₂SO₄ solution was 20 M, which corresponds to option (yellow green).

How many grams of H3PO4 are produced when 43.6 moles of
water react with an excess of
P40(s) → 4H3PO4(aq)
a. 2850
b. 5.34
c. 158
d. 6410

Answers

Answer is closest to option (a) 2850 g. The mole is a fundamental concept in chemistry and is used extensively in calculations involving chemical reactions and stoichiometry.

What is Mole?

The mole is used to convert between the mass of a substance and the number of particles it contains. For example, the molar mass of a substance (the mass of one mole of that substance) can be used to convert the mass of a sample to the number of moles of that substance present.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) → 4H3PO4(aq)

From the equation, we can see that for every 6 moles of water that react, 4 moles of H3PO4 are produced.

So, to calculate the moles of H3PO4 produced, we first need to calculate the moles of water that react. The question states that 43.6 moles of water react, so we can use this value to calculate the moles of H3PO4 produced:

moles of H3PO4 = (4/6) x 43.6 = 29.07 moles

Finally, we can use the molar mass of H3PO4 to convert moles to grams:

grams of H3PO4 = moles of H3PO4 x molar mass of H3PO4

= 29.07 moles x 98 g/mol

= 2848.86 g

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PLEASE HELP ASAP!!
Consider FIVE types of solids:
Ionic (NaCl)
Metallic (Ca)
Covalent Network (Quartz, SiO2)
Polar Molecular (sugar, C6H12O6)
Non-polar molecule

RECALL THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES -> hardness, brittleness, the conductivity of electricity and heat, melting and boiling points, solubility in water, etc.

1. Design an experimental procedure to test these properties with the procedures below.
-> the ones I have so far
- ionic solids -> use NaCl and dissolve in water to test the solubility
- conductivity - by putting the solid under two free ends of the wire
-> solubility - using boiling water for all as ionic solids break into ions & conduct electricity
- brittleness - using a hammer or any other form of stress (if brittle, tends to break under stress)
- hardness - using a hydraulic press/Rockwell testing
- melting/boiling point - add heat to a sample after placing in a beaker or test tube to test

SOME OTHER THINGS WE CAN USE (but I'm unsure as to what we can use it for): a thermal camera

2. WRITE A HYPOTHESIS for ONE TYPE of solid with a brief explanation.

3. Design a Table of Observations for your experiments.

Answers

Hypothesis: Increasing the cooling rate during the solidification of aluminum will result in a finer grain structure in the final solid.

What is one example of hypothesis and explain?

When a liquid metal such as aluminum is cooled and solidified, the atoms in the liquid begin to arrange themselves into a crystalline structure. The rate at which this happens can have a significant effect on the final microstructure of the solid. If the cooling rate is slow, larger grains will form as the atoms have more time to move and arrange themselves into larger clusters. If the cooling rate is faster, there is less time for the atoms to move and larger clusters cannot form, resulting in a finer grain structure. Therefore, the hypothesis proposes that increasing the cooling rate during the solidification of aluminum will lead to a finer grain structure in the final solid. This hypothesis could be tested by varying the cooling rate during the solidification process and then examining the microstructure of the resulting solid.

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Hypothesis: Increasing the cooling rate during the solidification of aluminium will result in a finer grain structure in the final solid.

What are the solid types?

The following methods can be used to demonstrate whether a solid is:

Ionic (NaCl):

Solubility test: Since NaCl is extremely soluble in water, its ionic nature can be verified by this fact.

Conductivity test: NaCl transmits electricity when it is molten or dissolved because it contains charged ions.

Metallic (Ca):

Conductivity test: Due to the existence of free electrons within their crystal structure, metals like calcium carry electricity.

Ductility and malleability test: Due to their malleability and ductility, metals are readily deformed when under pressure.

Covalent Network (Quartz, SiO2):

Hardness test: Because of the intense covalent bonds between atoms, covalent network solids like quartz are exceedingly hard.

Melting point test: Due to the powerful intermolecular forces between atoms, covalent network solids frequently have high melting and boiling points.

Polar Molecular (sugar, C6H12O6):

Solubility test: Sugar and other polar compounds can dissolve in polar solvents like water but cannot dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

Melting and boiling point test: Due to weaker intermolecular interactions, polar molecular solids have lower melting and boiling points than ionic or covalent network solids.

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What is the molarity (M) of a bleach solution containing 9.50 grams of bleach (NaOCI) in 2,000 ml of solution? BLEACH

SHOW workkk​

Answers

The bleach solution has a molarity of 0.0637 M.

What is NaOCl, a substance present in numerous bleaches?

Sodium hypochlorite is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula NaOCl (or NaClO), consisting of a sodium cation (Na+) and a hypochlorite anion (OCl or ClO). It is usually referred to in diluted solutions as (chlorine) bleach. It can also be thought of as hypochlorous acid's sodium salt.

Converting the mass of bleach (NaOCl) to moles is the first step.

moles of NaOCl = mass of NaOCl / molar mass of NaOCl

The molar mass of NaOCl is approximately 74.44 g/mol (22.99 g/mol for Na, 15.99 g/mol for O, and 35.45 g/mol for Cl).

moles of NaOCl = 9.50 g / 74.44 g/mol

moles of NaOCl = 0.1274 mol

Next, we may determine the molarity (M) of the bleach solution using the notion of molarity:

Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution

The solution's volume is supplied to us in millilitres, so we must convert it to litres:

2,000 ml = 2,000 / 1,000 = 2.00 L

Molarity = 0.1274 mol / 2.00 L

Molarity = 0.0637 M

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Ammonia (NH3) chemically reacts with oxygen gas (O2) to produce nitric oxide (NO) and water (H2O).
What mass of water is produced by the reaction of 1.06 of oxygen gas?
Round your answer to 3 significant digits.

Answers

The mass of water, H₂O produced by the reaction of 1.06 grams of oxygen gas, O₂ is 0.72 grams

How do I determine the mass of water, H₂O produced?

The mass of water, H₂O produced by the reaction of 1.06 grams of oxygen gas, O₂ can be obtained as shown below:

The balanced equation for the reaction is given below

4NH₃ + 5O₂ -> 4NO + 6H₂O

Molar mass of O₂ = 32 g/molMass of O₂ from the balanced equation = 5 × 32 = 160 g Molar mass of H₂O = 18 g/molMass of H₂O from the balanced equation = 6 × 18 = 108 g

From the balanced equation above,

160 g of oxygen gas, O₂ reacted to produce 108 g of water, H₂O

Therefore,

1.06 g of oxygen gas, O₂ will react to produce = (1.06 × 108) / 160 = 0.72 g of water, H₂O

Thus, the mass of water, H₂O produced from the reaction is 0.72 g

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